Xa umntwana wakho omncinci enesifo somkhuhlane, okanye xa unombuzo omncinci malunga nokukhula kwakhe, siya kubani? Uninzi lwexesha, siya kugqirha wabantwana, okanye njengoko sonke sisazi, 'uGqirha wabantwana', akunjalo? Ngoko ke, ngubani lo gqirha wabantwana? Iyintoni indima yaloo gqirha, kwaye angakunceda njani wena nomntwana wakho, masifumanise kweli nqaku namhlanje.
Ngamafutshane, ugqirha wezingane ngugqirha ogxile kwimpilo yabantwana. Oko kukuthi, unyanga zonke izifo kunye neengxaki zempilo abantwana abanokuba nazo ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya ebusheni (ngesiqhelo phakathi kweminyaka eli-18 nengama-21 ubudala), kwaye ubacebisa nangendlela yokuzikhusela kwizifo. Imizimba yabantwana kunye nendlela abakhula ngayo izifo yahlukile kakhulu kubantu abadala. Ngoko ke aba gqirha bayawuqonda loo mahluko kwaye babaphatha ngokufanelekileyo.
Yintoni kanye kanye eyenziwa ngugqirha wabantwana?
Umsebenzi owenziwa ngugqirha wabantwana unokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubuchule bakhe. Kodwa ngokubanzi, eli candelo liqala kugqirha wabantwana jikelele, ongowokuqala ukudibana nomzali ngamnye, ukuya kwiingcali ezingaphantsi kwezonyango ezinyanga izifo ezinzulu ezifana nomhlaza nesifo sentliziyo. Makhe sijonge nganye kwezi ndawo ngokwahlukeneyo.
| Uhlobo olukhethekileyo lwezonyango zabantwana | Indima kunye neemeko ezinyangwayo |
|---|---|
| Ugqirha wezifo zabantwana ngokubanzi | Lo ngumboneleli wezempilo oyintloko womntwana wakho. Benza izinto ezifana nokuhlolwa rhoqo ngenyanga nangonyaka, banike iigonyo, bajonge ukukhula (balinganise ubude, ubunzima, ukujikeleza kwentloko), kwaye banyanga izifo eziqhelekileyo (umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, umkhuhlane). Bakwacebisa abazali malunga nokutya komntwana wabo, iingxaki zokuziphatha, kunye neengozi ezincinci. |
| Ingcali ye-Allergy yabantwana | Ngaba umntwana wakho une-allergies, ezifana nokurhawuzelela rhoqo, ukurhawuzelela, okanye ukurhawuzelela ukutya? Okanye ngaba unesifo esifana ne-asthma? Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha wakho wezifo uza kukuthumela kule ngcali. Ugqirha wakho ugxile kwizifo ezinxulumene nenkqubo yokuzikhusela yabantwana, ezifana ne-asthma, ukurhawuzelela, i-eczema, kunye nezinye iingxaki zenkqubo yokuzikhusela. |
| Ugqirha we-Oncologist wabantwana | Siyoyika xa sisiva igama elithi umhlaza. Kodwa njengabantu abadala, ngamanye amaxesha abantwana banokuba nomhlaza. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, aba gqirha, abafumene uqeqesho olukhethekileyo kwiintlobo zomhlaza ezithile kubantwana (umz. i-leukemia, iithumba zobuchopho, i-neuroblastoma), bayabanyanga. Ekubeni umhlaza wabantwana wahlukile kumhlaza wabantu abadala, bafuna izicwangciso zonyango ezikhethekileyo. |
| Ingcali yentliziyo yabantwana | Abanye abantwana bazalwa beneengxaki ezithile zentliziyo (isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso). Kwakhona, iimeko zentliziyo zinokuvela kamva. Ezi ngcali zonyango zinyanga zonke iingxaki zentliziyo ebantwaneni nakubantu abancinci, ezifana neziphene zentliziyo kunye neengxaki zevalvu. |
Ezinye izinto ezizodwa
Ukongeza kwezi ndawo zine esizithethileyo, kukho nezinye izinto ezininzi eziluncedo kwicandelo lezonyango lwabantwana. Ezinye zazo zezi:
- I-Endocrinology yabantwana: Iingxaki ezinxulumene namahomoni ezifana nesifo seswekile, iingxaki ze-thyroid, kunye nokungaphumeleli kokukhula.
- I-Neurology yabantwana: Izifo ezinxulumene nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo, ezifana nesifo sokuwa kunye neengxaki zophuhliso lobuchopho.
- I-Gastroenterology yabantwana: Iingxaki zexesha elide kwinkqubo yokugaya ukutya, ukungabikho kokutya okunempilo.
- I-Pediatric Nephrology: Iingxaki zokusebenza kwezintso.
- I-Pulmonology yabantwana: Iimeko ezintsonkothileyo zemiphunga.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, nganye kwezi ngcali iyaqonda ukuba umzimba nengqondo yomntwana zibuthathaka kangakanani, kwaye zahluke njani kubantu abadala.
Ufunda njani ukuze ube ngugqirha wabantwana?
Oku kubalulekile ukwazi. Ukuba ngugqirha wabantwana akuyonto ilula. Kuthatha ukuzinikela okukhulu kunye nexesha elide lemfundo. Kwilizwe lethu, kufuneka uphumelele icandelo leBiology leNqanaba eliPhambili ngamanqaku aphezulu uze ungene kwiFakhalthi yezonyango.
Uyafaneleka ukuba ngugqirha emva kokugqiba isidanga sezonyango seminyaka emihlanu kunye noqeqesho lomsebenzi lonyaka omnye.
Emva koko, ukuze ube ngugqirha wabantwana, kufuneka ugqibe iminyaka eliqela yoqeqesho lwasemva kwesidanga sokuqala. Ngeli xesha, basebenza kwizibhedlele zabantwana, befunda ngokwabo indlela yokuxilonga nokunyanga izifo zabantwana, kwaye belawula iimeko ezinzima. Ukuba ufunda i-subspecialty, njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, kuya kufuneka ugqibezele uqeqesho olungakumbi.
Ukuba unale mpawu, qiniseka ukuba ubonana nogqirha.
Njengomzali, kubalulekile ukumjonga umntwana wakho. Ukuba ubona naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga ezahlukileyo kumkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, musa ukuzityeshela. Bona ugqirha wabantwana ngokukhawuleza, ingakumbi ukuba unezinye zezi mpawu zilandelayo:
| Iimpawu ekufuneka uziqaphele | Kwenziwe ntoni? |
|---|---|
| Umkhuhlane ophezulu ohlala iintsuku ezininzi | Ingakumbi ukuba umntwana usemncinci, ukuba kukho ezinye iimpawu (ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya, ukudinwa) kunye nomkhuhlane, mbonise ugqirha ngoko nangoko. |
| Umphimbo obuhlungu kakhulu kunye nobunzima bokuginya | Oku kungaba luphawu losulelo lwebhaktheriya. Ugqirha uza kukuhlola aze akunike unyango olufunekayo. |
| Urhudo oluqhubekayo okanye ukuhlanza | Umntwana usenokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Oku kunokuba yingozi, ngoko ke funa unyango ngokukhawuleza. |
| Ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo okanye okubangela ubunzima bokuphefumla | Oku kungaba luphawu lwemeko efana ne-asthma okanye i-pneumonia. |
| Ukuquleka okanye ukuxhuzula | Le yimeko engxamisekileyo. Yisa umntwana kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) elikufutshane ngokukhawuleza. |
Khumbula, ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye uloyiko oluncinci ngomntwana wakho, musa ukuyityeshela loo nto ucinga ukuba, "Le yinto encinci." Ungaze woyike ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ugqirha wezingane ngugqirha ogxile kwimpilo yabantwana ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya ebudaleni.
- Zinyanga iimeko ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka ekukhuleni komntwana okuqhelekileyo, ukugonywa, kunye nezifo ezincinci ukuya kwizifo ezinzulu ezifana nomhlaza nesifo sentliziyo.
- Ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki ethile, efana nokunganyamezelani okanye isifo sentliziyo, kukho oogqirha abaziingcali abaqeqeshwe ngokukodwa kuloo nto.
- Ukuba unenkxalabo okanye amathandabuzo malunga nempilo okanye uphuhliso lomntwana wakho, ungaze unqikaze ukuthetha nogqirha wakho wabantwana.
- Kwimeko yongxamiseko efana nomkhuhlane ophezulu, ukuhlanza/urhudo olungapheliyo, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye ukulahlekelwa zingqondo, mthathe umntwana umse kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko.
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