Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci uqala ukuxhuzula ngequbuliso? Ngaba yile nto sithetha ngayo xa sithi Infantile Spasms? Masifumanise!

Ngaba wakha wambona umntwana wakho eqhaqhazela aze aqine ngequbuliso? Oku mhlawumbi kwenzeka amaxesha amaninzi ngemini. Usenokuba uzibuza ukuba oku kuqhelekile okanye yimeko ethile echaphazela iintsana. Yiloo nto siza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-'(Infantile Spasms)'. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni, kutheni isenzeka, zithini iimpawu, indlela yokuyifumanisa, kunye nonyango.

Yintoni le (Iintlungu zosana)?

Ngamafutshane, `(Infantile Spasms)` luhlobo lwesifo sokuwa esibakho kwiintsana ezingaphantsi konyaka omnye ubudala, oko kukuthi, ezingaphantsi kweenyanga ezili-12 ubudala . Isifo sokuwa sisifo (`iingxaki zemithambo-luvo`) esibangelwa yingxaki engaqhelekanga ngomsebenzi wombane wengqondo yomntwana wakho. Xa ezi `(Infantile Spasms)` zisenzeka, umzimba womntwana, ingakumbi isisu, intloko, intamo, iingalo, nemilenze, ngequbuliso uqina kwaye ubonakale ngathi uyaxhuzula.

Ezi ntlungu zihlala ixesha elifutshane kakhulu, malunga nemizuzwana enye okanye emibini . Kodwa zinokwenzeka ngokulandelelana, oko kuthetha ukuba ukubetha okukodwa kuza kuze kulandele okunye emva kwemizuzwana emi-5 okanye eli-10, okanye kwi-'cluster'. Khawuthelekelele umntwana ekhaba izihlandlo ezininzi ngokulandelelana. Uninzi lwexesha, ezi ntlungu ziza emva kokuba abantwana bevukile ebuthongweni .

Into ebuhlungu kukuba, iintsana ezininzi ezinengxaki yesi sifo zisenokuba sele zineengxaki zokukhula, okanye zisenokukhula kamva. Oko kukuthi, umntwana ufika emva kwexesha ekwenzeni izinto ezifanelekileyo kwiminyaka yakhe.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe (Infantile Spasms) kunye ne (West Syndrome)?

Ngoku usenokuba uyazibuza ukuba yintoni le "West Syndrome". Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha bayibiza ngolu hlobo. "West Syndrome" yingqokelela yeempawu ezahlukeneyo. Oko kukuthi:

• Sinale "Infantile Spasms" esithetha ngayo.
• Kukho ipatheni engaqhelekanga kwimo yamaza ombane engqondweni ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Hypsarrhythmia)`. (Oku kubonwa ngovavanyo lwe-`(EEG)`, siza kuthetha ngako kamva).
• Kukho ukulibaziseka kophuhliso okanye ukulahleka kwezakhono ebezikho ngaphambili (`ukubuyela umva kophuhliso`).

Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntwana one-`(Infantile Spasms)` osoloko ene-`(West Syndrome).` Oko kukuthi, kunokwenzeka ukuba ne-`(Infantile Spasms)` ngaphandle kokulibaziseka kokukhula.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-spasms kunye ne-seizures?

Ewe, lo ngumbuzo obalulekileyo. `(I-Infantile Spasms)` luhlobo lokuxhuzula. ``Ukuxhuzula`` ngumsebenzi wombane okhawulezileyo, ongalawulekiyo phakathi kweeseli zobuchopho. Oku kunokubangela ukuqina kwemisipha okwethutyana, utshintsho kwintshukumo, ukuziphatha, kunye notshintsho olungaqhelekanga kwiimvakalelo. Ayizizo zonke ii-seizures ezifanayo.

Xa kuthelekiswa ne-tonic-clonic okanye i-grand mal seizures esihlala sicinga ngayo xa sicinga nge-seizures, ezi spasms zobuntwana zifutshane kakhulu. Ii-spasms zobuntwana zihlala malunga nomzuzwana omnye okanye emibini, kodwa ziza ngamaqela. Ezinye iintlobo ze-seizures zinokuhlala naphi na ukusuka kwimizuzwana engama-30 ukuya kwimizuzu emibini.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Infantile Spasms kunye ne-Startle Reflex?

Oku kukwayinto edidayo abazali abaninzi, kuba indlela "Iintlungu zosana" ezibonakala ngayo ingabonakala ifana nendlela abantwana abadla ngokuxhuzula ngayo.

Iintsana zihlala zisothuka (ezibizwa ngokuba yiMoro reflex) xa ziva ingxolo enkulu okanye xa zishukunyiswa ngequbuliso. Emva koko umntwana uphosa intloko yakhe ngasemva, avule iingalo nemilenze yakhe ngokubanzi, aze ajike intloko yakhe phezulu. Ngamanye amaxesha zinokukhala, aze atsale iingalo nemilenze yakhe emzimbeni wakhe.

Kodwa kwi-`(Infantile Spasms)` akukho nto ibangela loo nto . Oko kukuthi, ii-spasms azenzeki ngenxa yesandi okanye enye into. Esinye kukuba i-`(Infantile Spasms)` iza ngamaqoqo . Oko kukuthi, enye iza, ize enye, ize enye. I-spasm eqhelekileyo ayihlali ixesha elide kangako. Kwakhona, xa i-spasm isenzeka, amehlo omntwana anokuqengqeleka, okanye abonakale ngathi ufinge iintshiya . Ezi azixhaphakanga kakhulu kwii-spasms eziqhelekileyo.

Ukuqala kwe-spasms yosana kuneminyaka emingaphi?

Ngokutsho koogqirha, ama-90% e-`(Infantile Spasms)` afunyanwa kwiintsana ezingaphantsi kweenyanga ezili-12, oko kukuthi, kwiintsana ezingaphantsi konyaka omnye ubudala. Ixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kweenyanga ezine ukuya kwezisixhenxe ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha abantwana abangaphezu kweenyanga ezili-12 banokuba nolu hlobo lwe-spasm. Kwimeko enjalo, ihlelwa njenge-`(Epileptic Spasms)`.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Esi asiyongxaki ixhaphakileyo, kodwa asiyongxaki ingaqhelekanga. Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga nesinye kwiintsana ezingama-2,000 ukuya kuma-4,000 sinokuchaphazeleka sesi sifo (Infantile Spasms).

Zithini iimpawu zeSpasms zosana?

Xa ezi ntlungu zifika, umzimba womntwana wakho uyaqina ngequbuliso, okanye ushukume. Kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa kuphela. Umntwana usenokugoba umqolo wakhe, agobe iingalo zakhe, imilenze, aze ajonge phambili. Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, ezi ntlungu ziza ngamaqela, enye emva kwenye, kunye nekhefu lemizuzwana emi-5 ukuya kweli-10.

Emva kokukhaba okanye ukukhaba okumbalwa, umntwana usenokuphazamiseka aze akhale. Kodwa oko akwenzeki rhoqo.

Ngamanye amaxesha ezi `(Infantile Spasms)` zivela ngendlela engabonakaliyo . Sisenokungaziboni lula. Ezi mpawu zingabonakaliyo zezi:

• Ukujika amehlo akho.
• Intlungu zesisu.
• Iintshukumo zesilevu.
• Ukubhinyalaza.
• Intloko inqwala.

Ukuba ukungcangcazela kubangelwa kukungaqheleki kwengqondo yomntwana, kusenokuchaphazela icala elinye lomzimba kuphela. Okanye intloko okanye amehlo anokubonakala ngathi atsalwa kwicala elinye.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba oku kukhaba kwenzeka rhoqo emva kokuba umntwana evukile ebuthongweni . Kwenzeka rhoqo xa umntwana elele.

Kungekudala emva kokuba ezi zikhaba ziqalile, uya kukwazi ukubona ezinye iinguqu kumntwana wakho:

• Izinto ezibalulekileyo zophuhliso ezifana nokuqengqeleka, ukuhlala, ukuguqa, kunye nokuthetha kakhulu ziyalahleka.
• Ukunxibelelana nabanye abantu kuyancipha, kwaye ukuhleka kuyancipha .
• Ndisoloko ndixhalabile, okanye ndithule.

Ukuba kunokwenzeka, thatha ividiyo yomntwana wakho xa enezi ntlungu. Emva koko ungambonisa ugqirha wakho wabantwana. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ezi ``Infantile Spasms'' kwangethuba. Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unezi ntlungu, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Zingaphi izihlandlo apho usana lunokudumba?

Usana lunokuba nokuxhuzula okufikelela kwi-100 ngosuku. Kodwa umntwana ngamnye uchaphazeleka ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba ubona umntwana wakho exhuzula, nokuba kube kanye okanye kabini ngemini, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha ngokukhawuleza .

Zithini izizathu zeSpasms zeInfantile?

Zininzi izinto ezinokubangela ukuqaqamba kosana. Izazinzulu zichonge iimeko zempilo ezingaphezu kwama-200 ezinokubangela oku. Nangona kunjalo, malunga nesithathu seemeko, oogqirha abakwazi ukufumana unobangela ochanekileyo.

Esi stroke sinokubangelwa kukungaqheleki kwinxalenye encinci yengqondo yomntwana, okanye sinokubangelwa yingxaki kuyo yonke ingqondo.

Ezinye zezizathu eziphambili zezi:

• Ukonakala okanye usulelo lobuchopho: Olu xinzelelo lunokubangelwa naluphi na uhlobo lokulimala kwengqondo. Izizathu eziphambili zezi `(Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy)` (oko kuthetha ukuba ingqondo ayifumani ioksijini okanye igazi elaneleyo ixesha elide), `(Meningitis)` (meningitis), kunye `(Perinatal stroke)` (oko kuthetha uxinzelelo oluvela phakathi kokukhulelwa komntwana nakwinyanga yokuqala emva kokuzalwa).
• Iingxaki zoPhuhliso loBuchongo: Oku kunokubangelwa zizinto ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi (ingqondo kunye nomqolo) ezenzeka ngelixa umntwana esakhula esibelekweni. Umzekelo, iimeko ezifana ne-`(Focal cortical dysplasia)`, `(Lissencephaly)`, `(Holoprosencephaly)` kunye ne-`(Aicardi syndrome)`. Ingabangelwa naziimithambo yegazi ezingaqhelekanga engqondweni yomntwana (`(Arteriovenous malformations)`).
• Utshintsho kwizakhi zofuzo: Izazinzulu ngoku zidibanisa utshintsho oluninzi kwizakhi zofuzo kunye nokuqaqamba kwabantwana. Eminye imizekelo ibandakanya iTrisomy 21 (Down syndrome), iTuberous sclerosis, iMiller-Dieker syndrome, kunye neCDKL5 deficiency disorder.
• Iimeko zeMetabolic: Iimpazamo zokuzalwa zemetabolism (IEM) nazo zinokubangela le meko. Ezi ziimeko zemfuza ezithintela iindlela zemetabolism eziqhekeza ukutya esikutyayo kwaye zivelise amandla. Amaxesha amaninzi, ukunqongophala kwevithamini B6 nako kunokubangela le meko.

Ifunyanwa njani i-Infantile Spasms?

Ugqirha womntwana wakho uza kukubuza ngeempawu zomntwana wakho kunye nembali yakhe yezonyango, aze enze novavanyo lomzimba.

Umntwana wakho angathunyelwa kwingcali yezifo zengqondo yabantwana okanye kwingcali yesifo sokuwa. Baza kwenza i-electroencephalogram (EEG) ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana une-spasms yosana. Banokwenza nezinye iimvavanyo ukuze bafumane unobangela.

Ekubeni kunokubakho amakhulu ezizathu ze-'Infantile Spasms', kunokuba nzima kancinci koogqirha ukufumana unobangela.

Zithini iimvavanyo zokuxilonga?

Ugqirha ikakhulu wenza uvavanyo lwe-"Electroencephalogram - EEG" ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho "iiSpasms zosana".

I-EEG ilinganisa kwaye irekhode imiqondiso yombane engqondweni yomntwana wakho. Ngexesha le-EEG, ingcali ibeka iipleyiti ezincinci zesinyithi (ii-electrode) entlokweni yomntwana. Ezi electrode ziqhagamshelwe kumatshini. Umatshini unika ugqirha ulwazi malunga nomsebenzi wobuchopho bomntwana. Kungcono ukuba umntwana abe nokuxhuzula ngexesha le-EEG kwaye ixesha eliphakathi kokuxhuzula lingarekhodwa. Oogqirha bakhangela ipateni ethile ye-EEG ebizwa ngokuba yi-hypsarrhythmia. Le pateni icacile kakhulu. Yingakho kulula koogqirha ukufumanisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuxhuzula kosana.

Ugqirha angayalela uvavanyo olongezelelweyo ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela wolu ngcangcazelo:

• Iskeni yobuchopho ye-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Iskeni ye-MRI luvavanyo olungenabuhlungu olunokwenza imifanekiso ecacileyo yezicubu kunye nezakhiwo ezikwingqondo yomntwana wakho. I-MRI isebenzisa imagnethi enkulu, amaza erediyo, kunye nekhompyutha ukwenza le mifanekiso ineenkcukacha. Ayisebenzisi ii-X-ray. I-MRI inokunceda ugqirha wakho afumanise ukuba yintoni ebangela ukuba umntwana wakho axhuzule.
• Uvavanyo lwemfuza kunye nolwe-metabolism: Ukuba i-MRI yomntwana wakho iqhelekile, ugqirha wakho uhlala esenza ezinye iimvavanyo, ezifana novavanyo lwemfuza kunye nolwe-metabolism, ukuzama ukufumana unobangela wokuxhuzula. Olu vavanyo ludla ngokufuna isampuli yegazi, umchamo, okanye ulwelo lomqolo.

Zinyangwa njani iintlungu zeentsana?

Kukho iinjongo ezimbini eziphambili zonyango. Enye kukuyeka okanye ukulawula isifo sohlangothi . Enye kukunyangela unobangela wesifo sohlangothi , ukuba kunokwenzeka.

Iindlela eziphambili zonyango ezinikezelwayo zokuthintela okanye ukulawula ukuxhuzula zezi:

• Ihomoni ye-Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH):I-ACTH yihomoni eveliswa yi-pituitary gland yakho. Inempembelelo enkulu kwindlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo kuxinzelelo. Xa i-ACTH ikhutshwa, amadlala e-adrenal akhuthazwa ukuba avelise i-cortisol "yehomoni yoxinzelelo". I-ACTH, esetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukuxhuzula, yihomoni yokwenziwa. Inikwa njengenaliti. Iidosi zokuqala ezimbalwa zinikwa esibhedlele. Ugqirha uya kujonga umntwana wakho ngononophelo naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Ekubeni inaliti ye-ACTH iya kuqhubeka malunga neeveki ezintandathu, ugqirha wakho uya kukuxelela indlela yokunika umntwana wakho inaliti ekhaya.
• I-prednisolone yomlomo: Le yeza luhlobo lokwenziwa lwehomoni ye-corticosteroid eveliswa zi-adrenal glands. Isebenza kakuhle ekunyangeni ukuqaqamba kwabantwana. Ingasetyenziswa xa kunzima ukuyifumana i-ACTH.
• I-Vigabatrin (`Vigabatrin - Sabril®`): Eli liyeza lokuthintela ukuxhuzula. Linikwa ngomlomo njengepilisi okanye ulwelo.

Ukuba umntwana wakho akaphenduli kwezi ndlela zonyango lwehomoni okanye iVigabatrin, kukho ezinye iindlela zonyango:

• Ukutya kwe-ketogenic.
• Amanye amayeza okulwa nokuxhuzula.
• Ukuba unobangela we-'Infantile Spasms' yingxaki kwindawo enye engqondweni ('focalized lesion'), kuyacetyiswa utyando lwe-epilepsy.

Ukuqaqamba kwabantwana abancinci ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima ukunyanga. Abanye abantwana banokufuna ukuphinda unyango okanye olunye unyango lwesibini. Kuyo yonke inkqubo yonyango, umsebenzi wobuchopho bomntwana unokufuna ukujongwa ngovavanyo lwe-EEG oluphindaphindwayo ukuze kubonwe ukuba unyango luyasebenza na.

Ukuba ugqirha angayifumana imbangela yokuxinana komntwana, kufuneka anyange loo nto ukuba kunokwenzeka. Oku kungabandakanya utyando okanye unyango olujoliswe kulo kwimeko yemfuza okanye ye-metabolic engaphantsi.

Ukulibaziseka kokukhula kunye nokubuya umva kuqhelekile kwi-Infantile Spasms. Iqela lezonyango lomntwana liza kucebisa unyango oluya kunceda ekuphuhliseni kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lwe-spasms yosana?

Kukho iziphumo ezininzi ezinokubakho zonyango lwe-adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH):

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu).
• Ubuthathaka benkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela (`(Immunosuppression)`).
• Ukudumba (okwenzeka rhoqo ebusweni).
• Ukungazoli nokucaphuka.
• Izilonda zesisu kunye/okanye zamathumbu.
• Ukukhutshwa kweglucose kumchamo.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lwe-`Vigabatrin`:

• Ukuncitshiswa okungenakulungiseka kwendawo yombono.
• Umsindo.

Ngenxa yezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga, ugqirha womntwana wakho uza kuthetha nawe ukuze akhethe eyona ndlela ilungileyo yonyango. Baza kujonga nomntwana wakho ngokusondeleyo ukuze babone ukuba ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga ziyenzeka na.

Ithini ingqikelelo yeSpasms yoBuntwana?

Ikamva lale meko, okanye `ukuxela kwangaphambili`, lixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:

• Unobangela `(Iintlungu zosana)`.
• Ngaba unobangela unganyangwa?
• Indlela umntwana akhawuleza ngayo ukuxilongwa kwaye unyango lwaqala.
• Ingaba umntwana ufikelele kwinqanaba lokukhula ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe ukukhaba.

Malunga nama-50% abantwana abane-spasms yosana banokuba neengxaki zokukhula kunye nezemithambo-luvo ixesha elide. Nokuba i-spasms iyeka, abantwana abaninzi banokuba nezinye iintlobo ze-surticuls kunye ne-epilepsy.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba baxilongiwe baze banyangwe ngokukhawuleza nangendlela ephumelelayo, imeko iyonke inokuba ntle . Abantwana abafikelele kwinqanaba lokukhula ngaphambi kokuba baqalise ukuxhuzula banokukhula ngendlela eqhelekileyo.

Ndingamnyamekela njani umntwana wam one-spasms yosana?

Ukuba umntwana wakho une-"Infantile Spasms", kufuneka ulandele imiyalelo kagqirha ukuze umncede:

• Nika onke amayeza njengoko kuchaziwe.
• Jonga uvavanyo lophuhliso kunye nonyango.
• Yiya kuzo zonke iityelelo zonyango ezilandelayo.

Ukuqaqamba kwabantwana abasakhulayo kunokubangela iingxaki zengqondo, ze-neurologic, kunye/okanye ze-sensory. Abantwana abaninzi abane-Infantile Spasms baneengxaki zokukhula kwaye banokufuna uncedo ngemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ebomini babo bonke.

Iqela lezonyango lomntwana wakho linokukuphendula imibuzo yakho kwaye likunike inkxaso. Banokukwazi nokukuyalela kumaqela enkxaso kwindawo okuyo okanye kwi-intanethi.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha womntwana wam malunga nokuqaqamba kosana?

Ukuba umntwana wakho ufunyaniswe ene-Infantile Spasms, kuya kufuneka abone iqela lakhe lezonyango rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba unyango luyasebenza. Kuya kufuneka enze uvavanyo lwe-electroencephalogram (EEG) ukujonga ukusebenza kwengqondo kulo lonke unyango.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho une-Infantile Spasms, kodwa akakafumani zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza .

Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive ukhathazekile xa umntwana wakho engenzi ngendlela eqhelekileyo okanye engafikeleli kumanqanaba okukhula. Umazi kakuhle umntwana wakho . Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho une-spasm - imvakalelo eqinayo, eqinayo, edla ngokuxhuzula, rhoqo ngamaqoqo - thetha nogqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, thatha ividiyo ye-spasm. Ungambonisa ugqirha. Ukuqaphela kwangethuba "I-Infantile Spasms" kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezingcono .

Izinto esifanele sizikhumbule kweli bali (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)

Kulungile, nazi izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzikhumbule koko sithethe ngako:

• Ukuxhuzula kwabantwana luhlobo lwesifo sokuwa esiqatha esibangelwa ziintsana ezingaphantsi kweenyanga ezili-12 ubudala.
• Ukuba umntwana wakho uqhaqhazela aze aqine ngequbuliso, ingakumbi xa evuka , musa ukuyithatha lula loo nto .
• Oku kwahlukile kwindlela eqhelekileyo yokusabela komntwana ekuthuthumeleni.
• Ukuba kunokwenzeka, bhala ngevidiyo ukudumba kwesisu uze umbonise ugqirha .
• Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu ekukhuleni komntwana kwixesha elizayo.
• Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho kwindlela umntwana wakho aziphethe ngayo, ancume ngayo, okanye akhula ngayo, thetha nogqirha wakho ngaloo nto.
• Oku kunokuba ngamava anzima kakhulu kubazali bobabini. Ngoko ke, ngelixa ulandela imiyalelo kagqirha ngqo, fumana inkxaso kuwe. Ungakhathazeki, oogqirha baza kukunceda.

Ukuqaqamba kwabantwana , isifo sokuwa, ukuxhuzula komntwana, ukuxhuzula, iWest Syndrome, isifo sokuwa kwabantwana, i-EEG, i-MRI