Umntwana wakho ungumntu othanda incoko ekhaya, kodwa ngaba wakha wakhathazeka kancinci ngendlela aziphatha ngayo esidlangalaleni, kwiipati, okanye esikolweni? Mhlawumbi uyaphazamisa phakathi kwencoko. Okanye uthetha into engahambelaniyo nencoko. Okanye uvakalelwa kukuba akayiqondi imbonakalo yobuso neemvakalelo zabanye abantu. Xa ubona ezi zinto, abanye abazali bacinga ukuba umntwana wabo "uyenza kakubi" ngabom. Kodwa le inokuba yingongoma enzulu ekufuneka sithethe ngayo.
Yintoni iPragmatic Language Disorder?
Ngamafutshane, le yingxaki yokunxibelelana nabantu. Ngamanye amaxesha ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-"Social Communication Disorder". Ingxaki apha ayikho ekubizeni amagama okanye ekwakheni izivakalisi. Ingxaki ikukungaqondi indlela yokusebenzisa ulwimi ngokufanelekileyo kuluntu nakwimeko.
Khawucinge nje, ukuba ulwimi belufana nesithuthi, aba bantwana bebenokuqhuba, oko kukuthi, bebenokuthetha amazwi. Kodwa abayazi imithetho yendlela. Abayiqondi imithetho yentlalo yokuba mabame phi, bayeke bani, kwaye babethe nini ixilongo.
Ngokwesiqhelo, sisebenzisa izakhono ezintathu eziphambili xa sisebenzisa ulwimi. Zonke ezi zakhono zintathu zinzima ebantwaneni abanale meko.
1. Ukusebenzisa ulwimi ngenjongo ethile: Ukusebenzisa ulwimi ngokufanelekileyo kwizinto ezinje ngokuqalisa incoko ngokuthi 'molo', ukucela into ethile, okanye ukuveza uluvo lwakho.
2. Ukutshintsha ulwimi lwakho ngokwembono yabaphulaphuli okanye imeko: Khawuthelekelele ukuba uthetha nomntwana omncinci, hayi utitshala esikolweni. Uthetha kwindawo yokudlala, hayi kwigumbi lokufundela. Yiyo loo ndlela otshintsha ngayo ulwimi lwakho ukuze luhambelane nemeko.
3. Ukulandela imithetho yentlalo xa uncokola: Ukumamela ngelixa omnye umntu ethetha nokuthatha ithuba lakho lokuthetha, ukuhlala ugxile kwisihloko, ukugcina indawo yakho, nokuqonda imbonakalo yobuso bomnye umntu kunye nolwimi lomzimba.
Ziziphi iimpawu ezinokubonakala kule meko?
Makhe sijonge ezinye zeendlela zokuziphatha onokuzibona kumntwana onesi sifo. Ezi zinokukwenza ucinge ukuba ngabantwana abanenkani okanye ababi. Kodwa eneneni, babuthathaka nje.
| Ingxaki ajongene nayo umntwana | Kalula nje, ngomzekelo... |
|---|---|
| Ukungaqondi ukuba umphulaphuli akanalo ulwazi olusisiseko ngesihloko. | Xa umhlobo ovela esikolweni efika ekhaya aze akuxelele ngesiganeko esithile, ngequbuliso baqala ukuthetha phakathi kwebali bengatsho nto malunga nokuba ngubani loo mhlobo okanye ukuba ukwiklasi enjani. Awuqondi nto. |
| Ukuya ngaphandle kwesihloko. | Ngelixa wonke umntu ethetha ngomsebenzi wesikolo, umntwana ngequbuliso uqala ukuthetha ngekhathuni ayibukeleyo. |
| Ukungakwazi ukuqonda ingcamango ephambili yebali okanye isiganeko. | Xa umntu ekubuza athi, "Ngoko ke ufunde ntoni kweli bali?" emva kokumamela ibali, awazi ukuba ungaphendula njani. Uthetha ngento encinci, engajongwanga kweli bali. |
| Ukungakwazi ukuqonda iimpawu ezingezizo ezomlomo. | Xa ucaphukile uze wenze ubuso obukrakra, umntwana uyaqhubeka nokudlala, engakwazi ukukuqonda. Akayiqondi intsingiselo yembonakalo yobuso babanye abantu, izinto ezifana nezandla zabo ezidityanisiweyo, njl. |
| Ukungakwazi ukuqonda ulwimi olungathanga ngqo. | Amahlaya, amabali ahlekisayo, kunye nokugculela kuthathwa ngokoqobo. Ukuba umntu uthi, "Iimpethu ezisesiswini ziyadansa xa zilambile," eneneni ucinga ukuba iimpethu ezisesiswini ziyadansa. |
| Ukungaqondi ukuba umntu ufanele atshintshisane ngokuthetha kwincoko. | Bayabaphazamisa abanye ngelixa bethetha. Abanamonde ngexesha labo. |
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le meko akufuneki idideke ne-Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Nangona iingxaki zonxibelelwano loluntu ziluphawu lwe-autism, ukuxilongwa kwePragmatic Language Disorder kwenziwa kuphela emva kokuba ugqirha ewachongile ngokupheleleyo amanye amatyala afana ne-autism. Ezi mpawu zinokubonwa nakwezinye iimeko ezifana ne-ADHD.
Iphathwa njani le nto?
Kukho iinjongo eziphambili ezininzi zokunyanga oku.
- Ukuchonga nokusebenzisa amandla omntwana ngelixa emnceda ukuba oyise ubuthathaka bakhe.
- Ukufundisa izakhono ezintsha zentlalo kunye nokukhuthaza umntwana ukuba athathe inxaxheba kwiimeko zentlalo.
- Ukunceda umntwana kunye nosapho ukuba baphile ngempumelelo nale meko.
Unyango lunokwahluka. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna uncedo lweNgcali yeNtetho noLwimi ukuze ufumane oku. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuthumela kule meko. Ezinye zeendlela ezisetyenzisiweyo apha zezi:
- Amabali Ezentlalo: Ibali elisebenzisa imifanekiso namagama alula lifundisa umntwana indlela yokuziphatha kwimeko yoluntu (umz., itheko lokuzalwa).
- Ukudlala indima: Umntwana uqhelisela imeko enzima (umz., ukuya evenkileni aze acele into ethile) nomzali okanye ingcali yezonyango.
- Imiboniso yevidiyo: Bonisa iividiyo zabantwana ezibonisa indlela abantu abaziphatha ngayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zentlalo kwaye uthethe ngazo.
- Amaqela Oontanga: Abantwana bahlanganiswa nabanye abantwana abaneengxaki ezifanayo baze baqeqeshwe kwizakhono zentlalo phantsi kweliso lengcali yezonyango.
Ninganceda njani nina bazali ekhaya?
Ngaphandle konyango, inkxaso oyinikayo ekhaya njengomzali ikwabaluleke kakhulu kumntwana wakho. Zama ezi zinto ukuze uziqhelise oko ukufundayo kunyango ekhaya.
- Cela umntwana wakho ukuba akuxelele isiganeko okanye ibali lemihla ngemihla. Ukuba iindawo ezithile zebali azicacanga, buza imibuzo efana nale, "Andizange ndiyiqonde loo nto, nyana, uthetha ngabani?" Mcacisele ukuba kutheni ezo nkcukacha zibalulekile ekuqondeni ibali.
- Nceda umntwana wakho aqonde umxholo wencoko ayimameleyo, ayifundayo, okanye athatha inxaxheba kuyo.
- Ziqhelise ukusebenzisa iimpawu ezingathethiyo, njengokuncuma, ukufinga iintshiya, nokusonga iingalo zakho. Buza umntwana wakho ukuba intsingiselo yesimbo ngasinye.
- Ziqhelise ukuqala incoko ngokuthi 'Molo' uze uyigqibe ngento efana nokuthi 'Ndiza kubuya kwangoko.'
- Ziqhelise ukudlala indima ngendlela yokuchazela abantu abahlukeneyo into efanayo (umz., umakhulu, umnakwenu omncinci, umhlobo). Thetha ngendlela ulwimi olufanele lutshintshe ngayo kuxhomekeke ekubeni ngubani othethayo.
- Xa ubalisela umntwana wakho ibali, shiya ngabom ezinye iinkcukacha (ezifana nokusebenzisa izimelabizo endaweni yamagama). Khuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba akubuze ukuba zeziphi ezinye izinto ekufuneka azi ukuze aliqonde ibali.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ingxaki yoLwimi oluSebenzayo ayilohlobo "olubi" okanye uhlobo lokungakhathali emntwaneni. Yimeko yokwenyani yempilo enxulumene namaziko olwimi engqondo.
- Ingxaki apha asikuko ukukwazi ukuthetha amagama, kodwa bubuchule bokusebenzisa ulwimi ngendlela efanela uluntu.
- Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntwana wakho unale mpawu, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha wosapho lwakho nize nithethe ngayo.
- Olu xilongo lunikwa kuphela emva kokuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana akanazo ezinye iimeko, ezifana ne-autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
- Unyango olufana nonyango lokuthetha kunye nenkxaso yothando oyinika ekhaya njengomzali lunokunceda ukuphucula izakhono zonxibelelwano lomntwana wakho.
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