Uyazi ukuba ubomi bakho bunjani? Makhe sithethe ngamanqanaba asi-8 ophuhliso ka-Erikson.

Njengoko sonke sikhula, ubuntu bethu, indlela esiziphatha ngayo, kunye neendlela zethu zokucinga zitshintsha kakhulu, akunjalo? Asifani nendlela esasifana ngayo xa sasiselula. Asifani nendlela esasifana ngayo xa sasiselula, kodwa sikwiminyaka ephakathi. Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba olu tshintsho lwenzeka njani? Ingcali yezengqondo yaseJamani egama linguErik Erikson inike ingcaciso entle kakhulu ngale nto. Uthe sidlula kwizigaba ezisi-8 eziphambili ebomini bethu ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya ekufeni. Kwinqanaba ngalinye kula, sijongene nohlobo oluthile "lwengxabano yengqondo." Indlela esoyisa ngayo loo ngxabano yiyo eyakha ubuntu bethu, oko kukuthi, ukuba singoobani.

Zithini izigaba ezisi-8 zophuhliso luka-Erikson?

Ngamafutshane, ingcamango ka-Erikson ibonisa ukuba ubuwena bethu bukhula kancinci kancinci ebomini bethu ngezi zigaba zisi-8. Akufani nokuba elinye inqanaba liyaphela kwaye elinye liqala, kodwa endaweni yoko la manqanaba adibene, kwaye okuseleyo kwelinye inqanaba kunokuchaphazela inqanaba elilandelayo.

Khawucinge nje, kukho umntwana omncinci, ukuba uziva eneentloni okanye ethandabuza ngezakhono zakhe, loo mvakalelo ayipheleli apho. Nokuba udlulela kwizigaba ezilandelayo zobomi, ezo mvakalelo zinokuqhubeka zichaphazela ubuntu bakhe. Okwangoku, udlula kwezinye izigaba.

Masibone ngokucacileyo ukuba zeziphi ezi zigaba zisi-8.

Ngoku makhe sijonge ezi zigaba ngokweenkcukacha nganye nganye.

Isigaba ngasinye kwezi sifana nezitena ezisisiseko sesakhiwo. Kukubeka esinye phezu kwesinye apho ubuntu obuqinileyo bakhiwa khona.

Inqanaba 1: Ubuntwana (ukuzalwa ukuya kwiinyanga ezili-18) - Ukuthembana nokungathembani

Khawucinge xa ​​umntwana omncinci ezalwa... akaqondi nto ngeli hlabathi. Uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kunina, kuyise okanye kubanakekeli bakhe. Xa umntwana ekhala kuba elambile okanye ngenxa yokungakhululeki okuthile, xa umphethe, umtyisa, kwaye umthuthuzela ngothando, ukuthembana kwakheka entliziyweni yomntwana.Ufunda ukuba "kukho umntu oza kundinyamekela." Ekuhambeni kwexesha, olu themba lufikelela nakwabanye.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana akahoywa kwaye iimfuno zakhe azifikelelwa ngexesha, uya kuba nomuzwa wokungathembi . Ukuba ukuthembana akwakhiwanga kweli nqanaba, kuya kuba nzima kakhulu ukukwakha kamva. Xa kuvela iingxaki ebomini, abantu abanjalo banokuziva bedanile kakhulu.

Inqanaba lesi-2: Umntwana oselula (iinyanga ezili-18 - iminyaka emi-3) - Ukuzimela kunye neentloni/ukuthandabuza

Eli lixesha apho umntwana wakho efunda ukuzenzela izinto eyedwa. Uzama ukutya, ukuzinxibisa, nokufikelela kwithoyi. Ukuba uyamkhuthaza ngelo xesha uthi, "Kulungile, ungakwenza," uya kukhulisa ukuzithemba nokuzimela .

Kodwa, ukuba uyamtyhafisa ngokuthi, "Hayi, musa ukwenza loo nto, awunakuyenza, uza kusilela," usenokuziva eneentloni aze athandabuze izakhono zakhe.

Inqanaba lesi-3: Ubudala besikolo sabantwana abancinci (iminyaka emi-3-5) - Ukuqalisa kunye netyala

Eli lixesha apho abantwana baqala ukusebenza bodwa, bathanda ukucela izinto ezintsha, bakhe izindlu zokudlala, baze bazobe imifanekiso. Baqala ukuziva ukuba banenjongo nenjongo ebomini. Xa ubakhuthaza kwizinto abazenzayo, bayakhuthazeka ukuba bathathe inyathelo . Bathi, "Ndiza kwenza oku."

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uyabagxeka okanye uyabaphazamisa kwinto abayenzayo, banokuziva benetyala , bezibuza, "Ngaba ndenza into engalunganga?"

Inqanaba lesi-4: Ubudala bokuQala esikolweni (iminyaka eyi-6-11) - Ukukhuthala nokungaphangeli

Kule nqanaba, umntwana uqala ukuzazi ubuyena bakhe kunye neetalente zakhe. Uqala ukuzithelekisa nabahlobo bakhe esikolweni nakwibala lokudlala. Uphawu lweenkwenkwezi olunikwa ngutitshala eklasini, isatifiketi sokuphumelela ukhuphiswano lwezemidlalo, luxabiseke kakhulu kuye.

Xa befumana inkxaso nokuxatyiswa ngootitshala, abazali, kunye nabahlobo, baziva ngathi banetalente kwaye bavelisa imveliso . Nangona kunjalo, ukuba imizamo yabo ayixatyiswa, banokuziva bengento yanto kwaye bengento yanto.

Inqanaba lesi-5: Ukufikisa (iminyaka eli-12-18) - Ukudideka kobuwena kunye nendima

Ngaba ukhe weva igama elithi "ingxaki yobuntu"? Livela kweli nqanaba. Ngeli xesha, umntwana omncinci uxakeka ngeengqondo zakhe ngemibuzo efana nokuthi "Ndingubani? Ndifuna ukuba yintoni? Iyintoni indawo yam eluntwini?" Bazama ukumisela iinjongo kunye nemilinganiselo yobomi bomntu omdala.

Ukuba bayakwazi ukumisela ubuwena babo ngokufanelekileyo ngeli xesha, kuya kuba namandla amakhulu ebomini. Kodwa ukuba bacinezelwa zizinto ezilindelweyo kunye noxanduva oluvela kubazali nakuluntu, banokuphelela kwimeko yokudideka kwendima apho bangakwaziyo ukufumanisa ukuba bangoobani kwaye bafuna ntoni.

Inqanaba lesi-6: Ulutsha Olukhulileyo (ubudala obuyi-19-40) - Ubudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye nokuzahlula

Eli lixesha apho sakha ubuhlobo kunye nobudlelwane bothando obubaluleke kakhulu ebomini. Ukuba obu budlelwane bunentsingiselo kwaye buqinile, uya kuziva usondelelene nabanye.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unengxaki yokwakha obu budlelwane, ungaziva unesizungu kwaye unesizungu.

Inqanaba lesi-7: Iminyaka Ephakathi (iminyaka engama-40-65) - Ukuchuma kunye nokuNgakhuli

Xa ufikelela kweli nqanaba, uziva unesidingo esikhulu sokukhokela abantwana bakho, ulutsha kuluntu, nokubafundisa oko ukwaziyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-generativity . Kubandakanya ukuthatha uxanduva kunye nokunyamekela abo bakungqongileyo.

Kodwa, ukuba awuzenzi njengomcebisi okanye umkhokeli nangayiphi na indlela, ungaziva udanile kwaye ungonwabanga bubomi. Oku kunokukhokelela ekubeni ube wedwa kubahlobo, kusapho, nakuluntu kwaye ungahlali uhleli .

Inqanaba lesi-8: Ukwaluphala (emva kweminyaka engama-65) - ukuthanda ukugqibelela kunye nokuphoxeka kubuntu

Eli linqanaba lokugqibela elibizwa ngu-Erikson. Ngeli xesha, sijonga ubomi bethu. Ukuba wanelisekile bubomi obubuphilayo, uya kuguga ngesidima (ukunyaniseka kwe-ego) . Uya kuziva uneqhayiya ngento oyenzileyo. Uya kufuna ukwabelana ngamava akho obomi kunye nobulumko bakho nabanye.

Kodwa, xa ujonga emva ebomini bakho, okusalayo kukuzisola okufana nokuthi, "Owu, akwaba bendikwenzile oko ngelo xesha," kwaye ungaphelelwa lithemba .

Ukuzazi ezi zigaba kuya kukunceda umqonde umntwana wakho, kunye nawe, njengomzali. Ukuba umntwana wakho okanye wena ufumana ubunzima obungaqhelekanga nangaliphi na inqanaba, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha okanye ingcali yezengqondo ngaloo nto.