Ingabe ukhathazekile ngamasende akho? Ake sixoxe ngomdlavuza wamasende ngaphandle kokwesaba!

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesihloko esibucayi kancane, kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu. Leso umdlavuza wamasende. Uma uzwa leli gama, ungase wesabe kancane futhi ukhathazeke. Kodwa-ke, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungesabi, ngoba ukwaziswa kahle ngalokhu kungenza umehluko omkhulu.

Uyini umdlavuza wamasende?

Kalula nje, umdlavuza wamasende ukukhula kwamangqamuzana amabi kwelinye noma, okungajwayelekile, kuwo womabili amasende akho. Njengoba wazi, amasende ayizindlala ezimbili ezincane ezinobukhulu be-walnut emadodeni. Akhiqiza isidoda kanye ne-hormone testosterone . Atholakala esikhwameni sesikhumba ngaphansi nje kwepenis, esibizwa ngokuthi i-scrotum. Njenganoma yimuphi omunye umdlavuza, umdlavuza wamasende uyisimo esibi kakhulu. Kodwa ngenhlanhla, yisifo esingelapheka kakhulu. Ngakho ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe kabanzi ngaso.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo zalo mdlavuza?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wamasende. Esikhathini esiningi, cishe ama-90% amacala, lawa masende avela kumaseli egciwane angaphakathi kwamasende. Lawa maseli egciwane awuhlobo lweseli oluzoba yisidoda kamuva. Lawa maseli ahlangana ndawonye ukuze akhe isimila. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• I-Seminoma: Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza olukhula kancane . Luvame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-40 no-50.
• I-Non-seminoma: Lolu hlobo lukhula ngokushesha kune-seminoma. Luthinta kakhulu abantu abasha, abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-15 no-30. Kunezinhlobo ezine ze-non-seminoma. Ngayinye iqanjwe ngohlobo lweseli legciwane elenza umdlavuza . Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-embryonal carcinoma , i-yolk sac carcinoma , i-choriocarcinoma , kanye ne-teratoma .

Ngezinye izikhathi zombili izinhlobo zamaseli (amaseli e-Seminoma namaseli angewona ama-seminoma) zingaba khona kumdlavuza ofanayo.

Uvame kangakanani umdlavuza wamasende?

Umdlavuza wamasende empeleni awuvamile kangako . Uthinta cishe indoda eyodwa kwabesilisa abangu-250 abanamasende. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu kwabesilisa abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-15 no-35. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu kulabo abakulelo qembu leminyaka ukuba baqaphele.

Yiziphi izimpawu? Yini okufanele uyenze uma uzibona?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu zomdlavuza wamasende. Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi, ungesabi bese ubona udokotela.

• Uphawu oluvame kakhulu yiqhubu elingenabuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala kwesende .
• Ukuvuvukala noma ukunqwabelana koketshezi ngokuzumayo esinqeni sama-scrotum .
• Isigaxa noma ukuvuvukala kwesende elilodwa noma womabili.
• Ukuzwa isisindo esiswini.
• Ubuhlungu obungazwakali endunu noma esiswini esingezansi.
• Ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki esinqeni noma emasendeni.
• Ukuwohloka Kwamasende.

Khumbula, lezi zimpawu zingavela nakwezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Ngakho-ke ungacabangi ngokushesha ukuthi umdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, kuhlale kuwukuhlakanipha ukubona udokotela ukuze akuhlole. Uma ukuxilongwa kuqhubeka, kulapho amathuba okuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asakazeke khona maningi, futhi ukwelashwa kungaba nzima kakhulu.

Kungani lo mdlavuza wamasende uvela?

Abacwaningi abakakazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela umdlavuza wamasende. Okwenzekayo yilokhu: Amaseli avame ukuhlukana futhi akhule ngokuzumayo aqala ukuhlukana ngesivinini esingalawuleki. Ekugcineni, la maseli ayahlangana ukuze akhe isimila. Esikhathini esiningi , amaseli egciwane esikhulume ngawo ngaphambilini aba umdlavuza.

Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi? Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuba nayo?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi ubani osengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wamasende. Sibiza lezi zinto ngokuthi ``(Izici Eziyingozi)`` . Ukuba nalezi zici eziyingozi akusho ukuthi uzoba nomdlavuza, kodwa amathuba okuba nawo aphezulu kancane.

• Ubudala: Ngokuvamile kwenzeka kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-15 no-35.
• Ama-Testicles Angaphambuki: Ngokuvamile, ama-testicles akhula esiswini lapho umbungu usesibelethweni. Ngaphambi kokuzalwa, ehlela esikhumbeni. Leli igama elinikezwa ama-testicles angazange ehle. Lokhu kungadinga ukuhlinzwa. Amadoda azalwa nalesi simo asengozini enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza wama-testicles kamuva ekuphileni, ngisho nangemva kokuhlinzwa.
• Uhlanga kanye nohlanga: Lokhu kuvame kakhulu phakathi kwabamhlophe abangewona amaHispanic e-United States naseYurophu.
• Umlando womndeni : Uma othile emndenini wakho (ubaba, umfowethu) eke waba nalo mdlavuza, unethuba elincane lokuba nawo. Futhi, ezinye izifo zofuzo ezifana ne -Klinefelter SyndromeIzimo zingandisa ingozi. Uma umdlavuza uvela kwelinye isende, amathuba okuba nawo uvele kwelinye aphakeme.
• Ukungazali : Ezinye izinto ezibangela ukungazali kwabesilisa kucatshangwa ukuthi zihlobene nokukhula komdlavuza wamasende, kodwa kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ngalokhu.

Lesi sifo sitholakala kanjani?

Uma unezimpawu, noma uma ubona okuthile okuhlukile ngesikhathi uzihlola (sizoxoxa ngalokho kamuva), odokotela bazi kanjani ukuthi umdlavuza wamasende? Ngezinye izikhathi ungatholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuvamile kwezokwelapha. Ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko okwenziwayo yile:

• Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kanye nomlando wezokwelapha: Udokotela uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho futhi akuhlole ngokucophelela. Uzothinta amasende ikakhulukazi ukuze ahlole izigaxa kanye nama-lymph node avuvukele (ukuze abone ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke yini).
• I-Ultrasound: Uma udokotela wakho ebona into engavamile, cishe uzoyala i-ultrasound. Lokhu ukuhlolwa okungenabuhlungu okusebenzisa amaza omsindo anamandla aphezulu ukuthatha izithombe zezicubu ezingaphakathi komzimba wakho.
• Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Inguinal Orchiectomy kanye ne-Biopsy: Uma i-ultrasound ibonisa ubufakazi bomdlavuza, udokotela uzokwenza ukusikwa okuncane embotsheni bese esusa i-testicle ethintekile. Uchwepheshe uzobe esethatha izicubu ze-testicle esusiwe bese ezihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-biopsy.

Ezinye izivivinyo

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kungenziwa ezinye izivivinyo:

• Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Serum Tumor Marker: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula yegazi nokulinganisa amazinga ezinto ezithile ezingase ziphakame egazini ngokuhambisana nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza. Lezi zinto zibizwa ngokuthi ama-tumor markers . Ama-tumor markers avame kakhulu aphakeme kumdlavuza wamasende yi -alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) , i-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG noma i-beta-HCG) , kanye ne-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) . La ma-markers angaphakama ngezindlela ezahlukene ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zomdlavuza. Isibonelo, ku-seminoma, i-HCG ingaphakama kodwa i-AFP ingaphakama. Ku-non-seminoma, i-AFP ingaphakama, kodwa hhayi i-HCG. Amazinga aphezulu e-LDH angabonisa nokuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke yini.
• Ukuskena kwe-CT/CAT, ama-X-ray kanye nama-MRI:I-CT scan isebenzisa ama-X-ray ukuthatha izithombe zengaphakathi lomzimba wakho. I-CT scan yesisu sakho kanye ne-pelvis ingenziwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke ezithweni eziseduze. I-CT scan noma i-X-ray evamile ingenziwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ususakazeke emaphashini akho. Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke ohlelweni lwakho lwezinzwa oluphakathi (ubuchopho kanye nentambo yomgogodla), i-MRI ingenziwa. I-MRI isebenzisa amasimu kazibuthe kanye namagagasi omsakazo ukuthatha izithombe zengaphakathi lomzimba wakho.

Ziyini izigaba zomdlavuza?

Ingxenye yokuxilonga lesi sifo ukunquma isigaba somdlavuza (Cancer Staging) . Lesi sigaba sinikeza ulwazi olubalulekile, njengobukhulu besimila nokuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke yini. Siphinde sinqume uhlobo lokwelashwa.

• Isigaba 0: Amaseli angajwayelekile akhulile, kodwa asengaphakathi kwamasende lapho amaseli esidoda eqala ukwakheka khona. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-Germ Cell Neoplasia In Situ (GCNIS) .
• Isigaba I: Umdlavuza uphelela e-testicle. Kungenzeka ukuthi usakazekele emithanjeni yegazi noma ye-lymph eseduze. Izimpawu ze-tumor zingase ziphakame noma zingaphakami.
• Isigaba II: Umdlavuza ususakazekele kuma-lymph node ngemuva kwesisu (okubizwa nangokuthi "i-Retroperitoneum"), kodwa awusakazekelanga kwenye indawo. Kodwa-ke, uma umdlavuza ukhona kuma-lymph node futhi izimpawu zesimila ziphakeme kakhulu noma ziphakathi nendawo, uhlukaniswa njengesigaba III esikhundleni sesigaba II.
• Isigaba III: Umdlavuza ususakazekele kuma-lymph node angaphandle kwesisu noma kwezinye izitho zomzimba.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Kulungile, manje ake sibheke izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza wamasende. Ukwelashwa kuncike ezintweni eziningana, okuhlanganisa impilo yakho, okuthandayo, isigaba somdlavuza, kanye nohlobo lomdlavuza. Ngenxa yokuthi i-seminoma ikhula kancane futhi isabela kahle ekwelashweni ngemisebe, ingelashwa ngendlela ehlukile kune-non-seminoma. Kodwa-ke, zombili izinhlobo zisabela kahle ekhemotherapy. Uma umdlavuza unamaseli avela ku-seminoma kanye ne-non-seminoma, odokotela bawubiza ngokuthi i-non-seminoma. Izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko yilezi:

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukususwa kwesende elinomdlavuza ngokuhlinzwa kuyindlela yokwelapha evame kakhulu . Lokhu kwenziwa kungakhathaliseki isigaba noma uhlobo lomdlavuza. Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angase asuse nama-lymph node akho.

• Ukususwa kwe-Orchinal Inguinal okungavamile:Lokhu kuhilela ukususa isende eliqukethe umdlavuza. Lisetshenziselwa kokubili i-seminoma kanye ne-non-seminoma. Udokotela wenza i-incision embotsheni yesisu bese esusa isende eliqukethe isimila. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imithambo yegazi kanye nezicubu ze-lymphatic ziyavalwa ukuze kuvinjelwe umdlavuza ukuthi ungasabalali kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
• Ukuhlukaniswa Kwe-Retroperitoneal Lymph Node (RPLND): Kuye ngesigaba nohlobo lomdlavuza, udokotela wakho angenza lokhu kuhlinzwa. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa kumdlavuza ongeyona i-seminoma. Kule nqubo, udokotela wakho wenza i-incision esiswini sakho futhi asuse ama-lymph node angemuva kwezitho zakho zesisu. I-RPLND ingasetshenziswa ukwelapha umdlavuza nokunquma isigaba somdlavuza.

Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele emaphashini noma esibindini, kungase kwenziwe ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe lawo mathumba.

Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe

Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa ama-X-ray anesilinganiso esiphezulu ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kwelashwa kunganikezwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuvinjelwe umdlavuza ukuthi ungabuyi. Ngokuvamile kunikezwa kakhulu kuma-seminoma.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Lokhu kusebenzisa imithi efana neCisplatin, iBleomycin, kanye ne-Etoposide ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuye kwathuthukisa kakhulu amazinga okusinda kweziguli ze-seminoma kanye nezingenayo i-seminoma. Kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kunganikezwa esikhundleni sokuhlinzwa. Kunganikezwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwe-radical inguinal orchiectomy (RPLND) noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-radical inguinal orchiectomy (Radical Inguinal Orchiectomy). Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuyasetshenziswa futhi uma umdlavuza uphinde wavela ngemva kokwelashwa.

Ingabe umdlavuza wamasende ungavinjelwa? (Ukuzihlola Kwamasende - TSE)

Ayikho indlela yokuvimbela ngokuphelele umdlavuza wamasende. Kodwa-ke, ungenza ukuhlolwa kwamasende (i-TSE) ukuze uhlole noma yiziphi izinguquko emasende akho. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izigaxa, amaqhubu, noma ubulukhuni emasende akho, noma uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko emasende akho, tshela udokotela wakho. Odokotela abaningi batusa ukwenza lokhu ukuzihlola okungenani kanye ngenyanga .

Uzihlola kanjani amasende (i-TSE)?

Kulungile, pho ulwenza kanjani kahle ukuhlolwa kwe-testicular self-examination (TSE)? Kuthatha cishe imizuzu emibili kuphela. Landela lezi zinyathelo:

• Yenza lokhu kuhlola ngemva kokugeza noma ukugeza okushisayo. Ukushisa kuzokhulula isikhumba se-scrotum, okwenza kube lula ukuzwa noma yini engavamile.
• Sebenzisa izandla zombili ukuhlola isende elilodwa. Beka iminwe yakho yokukhomba neyephakathi ngaphansi kwesende bese usithupha sakho sibekwe phezulu.
• Zizwa isende ngalinye ngokuligoqa phakathi kwesithupha sakho neminye iminwe emibili.
• Jwayelana nalokho ovame ukukuzwa. Uma uthinta isende ngalinye, uzozwa okuthile okufana nentambo phezulu nangemuva kwalo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-epididymis . Yilapho kugcinwa khona futhi kuthuthwa khona isidoda. Ungadidanisi lokhu neqhubu. Kuvamile futhi ukuthi amasende amabili ahluke kancane ngobukhulu. Nakuba amasende angakwesobunxele nakwesokudla angahluka ngobukhulu, isende ngalinye kufanele libe nosayizi ofanayo.
• Funa noma yiziphi izigaxa. Izigaxa zingaba noma yikuphi kusukela kusayizi wephizi kuya kukhulu, futhi isikhathi esiningi azibuhlungu. Uma uthola isigaxa, bona udokotela ngokushesha.

Uma ubona ushintsho ngobukhulu bamasende akho, noma uma uzwa iqhubu, bonana nodokotela ngokushesha. Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukuthi uhlolwe umzimba okungenani kanye ngonyaka.

Iyini iphrojekthi?

Iyini i-prognosis yomdlavuza wamasende? Empeleni muhle kakhulu . Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lungelashwa ngempumelelo ezimweni ezingaphezu kuka-95%. Ngisho nakulabo abanezici eziyingozi ezingezinhle, ngokuvamile kunethuba elingu-50% lokululama. Ngakho-ke, lezi yizindaba ezinhle ngempela.

Ingabe umdlavuza wamasende ungelapheka?

Yebo, umdlavuza wamasende uyisifo eselaphekayo . Nakuba ukutholakala unomdlavuza kuhlale kuyinto eyesabekayo, izindaba ezinhle mayelana nomdlavuza wamasende ukuthi ungelashwa ngempumelelo ezimweni ezingama-95%. Uma utholakala kusenesikhathi futhi welashwa, izinga lokuphulukiswa likhuphuka lifike ku-98%.

Ingabe lokhu kungaba yingozi?

Umdlavuza wamasende ungabulala, kodwa awuvamile . Kodwa-ke, ukutholakala kwalesi sifo kusenesikhathi kunomthelela omkhulu emathubeni akho okululama . Uma usheshe ubonane nodokotela futhi uthola ukuxilongwa, kulapho amathuba akho okuphila ungenawo umdlavuza eba ngcono khona.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokwelashwa? (Impilo yocansi, ukuzala)

Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kwenzekani ngesifiso sabo socansi kanye nokuzala ngemva kokususwa kwesende. Ngokuvamile, ukuba nesende elilodwa kwanele ukugcina amazinga akho ama-hormone ephilile futhi kugcinwe isifiso sakho socansi. Kufanele ukwazi ukuya ocansini (ukuma) kanye nokuphuma kokukhipha isisu. Kwezinye izimo, amadoda asuswe isitho sangasese sobulili angase abe nokuma kokukhipha isisu, kodwa angase abe nobunzima bokuphuma kokukhipha isisu. Khuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izingozi ezingase zivele ekwelashweni. Uma ukhathazekile ngokuzala kwakho, i-sperm banking , egcina isidoda sakho ukuze sisetshenziswe kamuva, ingaba inketho enhle.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, uma ubona noma yiluphi ushintsho kwelinye noma womabili amasende akho, ungalibali ukuya kudokotela. Abantu abaningi bazama ukugwema noma ukuhlehlisa ukuhlolwa kwabo kwezitho zangasese. Kodwa uma kukhulunywa ngomdlavuza, isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu. Kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza onalo, umdlavuza wamasende ungelapheka ngokuphelele uma ukwelashwa kuqalwa kusenesikhathi.

Okokugcina, into ebaluleke kakhulu (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, kusukela kulokho esisanda kukhuluma ngakho, izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule yilezi:

• Umdlavuza wamasende yisifo esingelapheka kakhulu uma sitholakala kusenesikhathi.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-testicular self-examination (TSE) njalo ngenyanga. Uma ubona noma yikuphi ukuqunjelwa, ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu, noma ushintsho ngobukhulu, ungesabi noma ube namahloni, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
• Noma ngabe kunezimpawu, akuzona zonke ezizoba umdlavuza. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa.
• Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo, futhi izinga lokwelapha liphezulu.
• Awuwedwa. Khuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela bakho ngalokhu. Bazokunikeza ukwesekwa nolwazi oludingayo.

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokusiza. Ukunakekela umzimba wakho kuyinto engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuze uhlale uphilile!