Izinto okudingeka uzazi ngomdlavuza we-thyroid

Wake wezwa ngomdlavuza we-thyroid ? Mhlawumbe umngane noma ilungu lomndeni wake waba nalesi simo. Noma kungenzeka ukuthi usibonile ephephandabeni noma ku-inthanethi. Nakuba kuyigama elesabekayo kancane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuliqonda kahle. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngokuthi uyini umdlavuza we-thyroid, ukuthi uqala kanjani, yiziphi izimpawu, nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha. Ungakhathazeki, ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu kuzokunikeza ukuqonda okuhle.

Iyini i-thyroid gland kanye nomdlavuza we-thyroid?

Kalula nje, i-thyroid gland iyi-gland encane, emise okwebhabhathane etholakala phansi kwentamo yakho. Ibaluleke kakhulu ngoba ikhiqiza ama-hormone alawula indlela umzimba wakho osebenzisa ngayo amandla, noma i-metabolism . La ma-hormone asiza futhi ekulawuleni izinga lokushisa lomzimba , umfutho wegazi, kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo .

Ngakho-ke, umdlavuza we-thyroid yilapho amaseli e-thyroid eqala ukukhula ngendlela engavamile futhi engalawuleki. Uhlukaniswa njengomdlavuza we-endocrine. Kodwa into engcono kakhulu ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, uwuhlobo lomdlavuza olulapheka kakhulu futhi olulaphekayo . Izinga lokwelapha nalo liphezulu kakhulu.

Uvame kangakanani lo mdlavuza we-thyroid?

Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi lokhu kuthinta abantu abangaki. Uma ubheka idatha e-United States, cishe amacala amasha angu-53,000 omdlavuza we-thyroid atholakala minyaka yonke. Lokho kusho ukuthi akuyona into engavamile kangako. Kodwa njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza we-thyroid ziyalapheka kakhulu . Kodwa-ke, sidinga futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi cishe abantu abangu-2,000 bayafa ngenxa yalesi sifo minyaka yonke.

Enye into ukuthi abesifazane banamathuba aphindwe kathathu okuthola umdlavuza we-thyroid kunabesilisa. Ngokuvamile utholakala kwabesifazane abaseminyakeni yabo yama-40 nama-50, kanye nakwabesilisa abaseminyakeni yabo yama-60 nama-70. Ungamangali, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nezingane ezincane zingaba nalesi sifo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zomdlavuza we-thyroid?

Odokotela bahlukanisa umdlavuza we-thyroid ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwamaseli lapho umdlavuza uvela khona. Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko:

• I-papillary carcinoma : Lolu hlobo lubangela cishe amaphesenti angama-80 azo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza we-thyroid. Lukhula kancane kakhulu. I-papillary carcinoma isabela kahle kakhulu ekwelashweni, noma ngabe isakazekela kuma-lymph node entanyeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthiAmathuba okuphulukiswa aphezulu kakhulu, futhi ingozi yokulimala empilweni iphansi kakhulu.
• Umdlavuza we-follicular: Lolu hlobo lubangela cishe amaphesenti ayi-15 omdlavuza we-thyroid. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi usabalale emathanjeni nasezithweni zangaphakathi, njengamaphaphu. Uma ususabalele, kungaba nzima kakhulu ukwelapha ( umdlavuza osakazeke kakhulu ).
• Umdlavuza we-Medullary: Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa cishe amaphesenti amabili omdlavuza we-thyroid. Cishe ingxenye yesine yabantu abanomdlavuza we-medullary banomlando womndeni walesi sifo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kungaba yimbangela.
• I-Anaplastic carcinoma: Lolu uhlobo olunzima kakhulu nolunolaka ukwelapha . Lukhula ngokushesha kakhulu futhi lusakazeka ngokushesha ezicutshini ezizungezile nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Kodwa-ke, aluvamile kakhulu, lubangela cishe amaphesenti amabili omdlavuza we-thyroid.

Izigaba zomdlavuza we-thyroid zinqunywa kanjani?

Odokotela basebenzisa indlela yokubona ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalale kangakanani, ebizwa ngokuthi izigaba zomdlavuza. Ngokuvamile, lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza we-thyroid esakazeka (e-metastasize) kuqala ezicutshini eziseduze kanye nama-lymph node. Ngemuva kwalokho angasakazeka kuma-lymph node akude, izitho zomzimba kanye namathambo.

Kunezigaba zomdlavuza we-thyroid, kusukela kowokuqala (I) kuya kowesine (IV). Kalula nje, uma inani liphezulu, umdlavuza usakazeka kakhulu. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalokhu, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

Yiziphi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso zomdlavuza we-thyroid?

Wena noma udokotela wakho ningase nizwe iqhubu noma ukukhula okuncane entanyeni yenu. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi iqhubu le-thyroid. Kodwa akufanele yini ukhathazeke ngokuba khona kweqhubu? Iningi lala maqhubu alinawo umdlavuza (angabi yingozi) . Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe amaqhubu e-thyroid angu-3 kwangu-20 angaba nomdlavuza (ayingozi).

Kungase kube nezinye izimpawu:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukugwinya .
• Ukushintsha kwezwi, ukushoshozela .
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele entanyeni.

Yiziphi izimpawu uma umdlavuza ususabalele?

Ngezinye izikhathi umdlavuza we-thyroid ungasakazeka (usakazeke) uye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi.
• Ukudla akunambitheki .
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Ukuba mncane ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Yiziphi izimbangela zomdlavuza we-thyroid?

Ochwepheshe abaqiniseki ukuthi kungani amanye amangqamuzana eba yingozi futhi ahlasele indlala yegilo. Kodwa-ke, kutholakale ukuthi ezinye izici zandisa ingozi. Isibonelo, ukuchayeka emisebeni, ukudla okune-iodine eningi, kanye nezici ezithile zofuzo.

Nazi ezinye izinto eziyingozi:

• Ukwanda kwendlala yegilo (i-goiter).
• Ukuba nomlando womndeni wesifo se-thyroid noma umdlavuza we-thyroid.
• I-thyroiditis ukuvuvukala kwendlala yegilo.
• Izifo ze-endocrine zibangelwa izinguquko ezithile zezakhi zofuzo. Isibonelo, izimo ezifana ne-Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) noma uhlobo 2B (MEN2B).
• Ukuntuleka kwe-iodine ekudleni.
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile (i-Body Mass Index ephezulu).
• Njengoba ngithole ukwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi ngisemncane.
• Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezinemisebe ezikhishwa yizikhali zenuzi noma izingozi zezitshalo zamandla.

Umdlavuza we-thyroid utholakala kanjani?

Uma une-nodule ye-thyroid ekhuphukile noma ezinye izimpawu, udokotela wakho angenza okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu kuhlolwa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kungahlola amazinga e-hormone ye-thyroid ukuze kubonakale ukuthi i-gland isebenza kahle yini.
• I-Biopsy: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane yamaseli avela endlaleni ye-thyroid kusetshenziswa inaliti encane ukuhlola amaseli omdlavuza. Ngezinye izikhathi, kwenziwa i-sentinel node biopsy ukuhlola ukusabalala kwama-lymph node. I-ultrasound nayo isetshenziselwa ukusiza ukuthola indawo eqondile yomdlavuza phakathi nalesi sifo.
• Ukuskena kwe-radioiodine: Lokhu kungathola ukuthi umdlavuza ukhona yini nokuthi ususakazekile yini. Ugwinya iphilisi elincane eliqukethe inani eliphephile le-iodine enemisebe. Indlala yakho yegilo imunca i-iodine amahora ambalwa. Bese kuba nedivayisi ekhethekile elinganisa ukuthi ingakanani i-radioactivity ekhona egilweni. Uma kunezindawo lapho i-radioactivity iphansi khona, kudingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze kubonwe ukuthi ukhona yini umdlavuza kulezo zindawo.
• Ezinye izikena zezithombe: Izikena ze-iodine ezinemisebe, izikena ze-computed tomography (CT), kanye nezikena ze-positron emission tomography (PET) zingabona umdlavuza we-thyroid futhi zinqume ukuthi ususakazekile yini.

Umdlavuza we-thyroid welashwa kanjani?

Ukwelashwa kuncike ngobukhulu besimila nokuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke yini. Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha eziyinhloko:

• Ukuhlinzwa: Lena yindlela yokwelapha esetshenziswa kakhulu.Kuye ngobukhulu nendawo yesimila, udokotela ohlinzayo angasusa ingxenye yendlala yegilo (i-lobectomy) noma yonke indlala (i-thyroidectomy). Bangasusa nama-lymph node aseduze lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza esakazeke khona.
• Ukwelashwa nge-radioiodine: Njengokuskena nge-radioiodine, lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza iphilisi noma uketshezi oluqukethe i-radioiodine. Kodwa-ke, umthamo uphakeme kunalowo onikezwe ukuskena. Le iodine iyancipha futhi ibhubhise i-thyroid gland kanye namaseli omdlavuza agulayo. Lokhu kwelashwa kuphephile kakhulu. I-thyroid gland imunca iningi le-iodine, ishiya wonke umzimba uvezwe emisebeni emincane kakhulu.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi kuwavimbele ekukhuleni kwawo. Ekwelashweni ngemisebe yangaphandle, umshini uqondisa imisebe enamandla yemisebe ngqo kumdlavuza. Ekwelashweni ngemisebe yangaphakathi, imbewu encane yemisebe ifakwa ngaphakathi noma eduze komdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali, enikezwa ngemithambo noma ngomlomo, ibulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi ivimbele ukukhula komdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abanomdlavuza we-thyroid abadingi ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.
• Ukwelashwa ngama-hormone: Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza ngokuvimbela ukukhishwa kwama-hormone asiza umdlavuza ukuthi usabalale noma ukhule.

Yiziphi izinkinga zomdlavuza we-thyroid?

Umdlavuza we-thyroid ungasakazeka (usakazeke) uye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, njengesibindi, amaphaphu, noma amathambo. Uma umdlavuza utholakala futhi welashwa kusenesikhathi, ingozi yokusabalala kwalokhu ingancishiswa.

Ngisho nangemva kokuba umdlavuza we-thyroid usuphulukisiwe, ngezinye izikhathi ungabuya (uphinde ubuye) . Ngenxa yokuthi umdlavuza we-thyroid ukhula kancane, kungathatha iminyaka efinyelela kwengu-20 ukuthi ubuye. Cishe amaphesenti angu-30 eziguli ezinomdlavuza we-thyroid zizobuya.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ngemva kokuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa kwe-thyroid, umzimba wakho udinga ama-hormone e-thyroid. Ngakho-ke, kuzodingeka uphuze amaphilisi e-thyroid hormone impilo yakho yonke. Isibonelo, kunikezwa ama-hormone okwenziwa njenge-`(levothyroxine)`. Lawa athatha indawo yama-hormone umzimba ongawakhiqizi ngokwemvelo. Lawa ngokuvamile awabangeli imiphumela emibi emikhulu, kodwa kuzodingeka uye kohlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha ukuze uqaphe impilo yakho.

Umdlavuza we-thyroid uthinta kanjani ukukhulelwa?

Ngokumangalisayo, umdlavuza we-thyroid ungowesibili ovame ukutholakala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.(Owokuqala umdlavuza webele.) Cishe amaphesenti ayi-10 omdlavuza we-thyroid akhula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma phakathi nonyaka wokuqala ngemva kokubeletha. Ochwepheshe bacabanga ukuthi ukushintsha kwamazinga ama-hormone ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungaba yimbangela.

Uma kutholakala ukuthi unomdlavuza we-thyroid ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, udokotela wakho uzokhuluma nawe ngezinketho zokwelapha. Kuye ngohlobo kanye nobunzima bomdlavuza, ukwelashwa kungase kubambezeleke kuze kube yilapho umntwana ezelwe. Uma lokho kungenzeki, abantu abaningi bangenza ukuhlinzwa ngokuphephile ukuze kususwe indlala enomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, akukhuthazwa ukuba kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwemisebe noma ukwelashwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngenkathi uncelisa.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ekwelashweni komdlavuza we-thyroid?

Isikhathi esithathayo ukuze lokhu kwenzeke siyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Izinto eziningi zithinta lokhu, okuhlanganisa iminyaka yakho, ubukhulu besimila, isigaba somdlavuza, kanye nohlobo lokwelashwa olutholile. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokho ongakulindela ngesikhathi nangemva kokwelashwa kwakho.

Ingabe umdlavuza we-thyroid ungavinjelwa?

Abantu abaningi baba nomdlavuza we-thyroid ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuwuvimbela ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, uma wazi ukuthi usengozini yokuba nomdlavuza we-thyroid, kunezinyathelo ongazithatha.

• Ukuhlinzwa kokuvimbela (ukuvimbela): Ukuhlolwa kofuzo kungathola ukuthi une-mutation esakhiweni esandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola izimo ezifana nomdlavuza we-thyroid noma i-multiple endocrine neoplasia. Uma une-gene, ungase ukwazi ukwenza ukuhlinzwa kokuvimbela ukuze kususwe i-thyroid gland ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza uqale.
• I-Potassium iodide: Uma ubhekene nemisebe evela engozini yenuzi (njengengozi yaseFukushima ka-2011 eJapan), ukuthatha i-potassium iodide (Pima®) zingakapheli amahora angama-24 kunganciphisa ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza we-thyroid kamuva ekuphileni. I-Potassium iodide isebenza ngokuvimbela i-thyroid gland ekumunceni i-iodine eningi kakhulu enemisebe, esiza ukugcina i-gland iphilile.

Lingakanani izinga lokwelashwa komdlavuza we-thyroid?

Abantu abayisishiyagalombili kwabayishumi abanomdlavuza we-thyroid banohlobo lwe-papillary olushiwo ngaphambilini. Uma umdlavuza we-papillary thyroid utholakala endaweni ethile (utholakala endaweni ethile) ngaphakathi kwe-gland, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu licishe libe yi-100%. Uma umdlavuza ususakazeke (ususakazeke), izinga licishe libe yi-80%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ngokwesilinganiso, umuntu onomdlavuza we-papillary thyroid osakazekile unethuba elingamaphesenti angama-80 lokusinda okungenani iminyaka emihlanu ngemva kokuxilongwa, uma kuqhathaniswa nomuntu ongenaso lesi sifo.

Nazi amazinga okusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza we-thyroid:

• I-Follicular: Cishe i-100% uma ivalelwe endlaleni; cishe i-63% uma isakazeke kabanzi.
• I-Medullary:Uma ivalelwe endlaleni, icishe ibe yi-100%; uma isakazeke kabanzi, cishe ingama-40%.
• I-Anaplastic: Cishe u-31% uma uvalelwe endlaleni; cishe u-4% uma usakazeke kabanzi.

Ingabe umdlavuza we-thyroid ungalapheka ngokuphelele?

Yebo, izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza we-thyroid zingelapheka ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa, ikakhulukazi uma amangqamuzana omdlavuza engakasabalali ezindaweni ezikude zomzimba. Ngisho noma ukwelashwa kungawuqedi ngokuphelele umdlavuza, udokotela wakho uzokwakha uhlelo lokwelapha ukuze abhubhise umdlavuza omningi ngangokunokwenzeka futhi awuvimbele ukuthi ukhule noma usabalale.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unomdlavuza we-thyroid, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu:

• Kuvela iqhubu elisha entanyeni.
• Ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo.
• Ukuba mncane noma ukhuluphale ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma unomdlavuza we-thyroid, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Kungani ngithole umdlavuza we-thyroid?
• Uhlobo luni lomdlavuza we-thyroid enginalo?
• Ingabe umdlavuza usakazeke ngaphandle kwendlala yami yegilo?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwalolu hlobo lomdlavuza?
• Ziyini izingozi nemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?
• Ingabe ngizodinga ukwelashwa kokufaka esikhundleni samahomoni e-thyroid?
• Ingabe umndeni wami usengozini yalolu hlobo lomdlavuza? Uma kunjalo, kufanele sihlole izakhi zofuzo?
• Ngingaphinde ngithole umdlavuza we-thyroid?
• Ingabe ngisengozini yokuthola ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza?
• Ngidinga ukunakekelwa okulandelayo okunjani ngemva kokwelashwa?
• Ingabe kufanele ngikhathazeke ngezimpawu zezinkinga?

Ekugcineni, kufanele ngithi… (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile uma utholakala unomdlavuza. Lokhu kuyiqiniso kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlobo luni lomdlavuza. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi iningi lomdlavuza we-thyroid lisabela kahle kakhulu ekwelashweni futhi linethuba elikhulu lokwelashwa. Udokotela wakho uzochaza izindlela zokwelapha ezingcono kakhulu zohlobo lwakho lomdlavuza we-thyroid.

Ngemva kokwelashwa, kungadingeka ukuthi uthathe ama-hormone e-thyroid okwenziwa impilo yakho yonke. Lawa ma-hormone abalulekile emisebenzini eminingi ebalulekile emzimbeni. Ngokuvamile awabangeli imiphumela emibi emikhulu. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlolwa njalo ukuze uqaphe impilo yakho. Hlala unethemba, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho, futhi ungabhekana nalesi simo ngempumelelo.