Ingabe usebenza ne-beryllium? Ake sifunde kabanzi nge-berylliosis, isifo esithinta amaphaphu!

Sawubona! Wake wezwa ngensimbi ethi 'Beryllium'? Mhlawumbe usebenza nale nsimbi. Noma mhlawumbe unelungu lomndeni noma umngane osebenza ngayo. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngemiphumela i-beryllium engaba nayo emaphashini ethu, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Berylliosis'. Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, ake sixoxe ngakho kalula nangokucacile, kulungile?

Kuyini 'i-Berylliosis'?

Kalula nje, i-berylliosis ukuvuvukala okungapheli (okuthatha isikhathi eside) kwangaphakathi kwamaphaphu akho. Kubangelwa ukuhogela izinhlayiya ezincane, uthuli, noma intuthu ye-beryllium yensimbi. Cabanga ngale ndlela, njengoba nje amehlo akho eba bomvu uma uphefumula uthuli, lapho lezi zinhlayiya ze-beryllium zingena emaphashini akho, amaphaphu akho ayasabela kukho. Into ebalulekile ukuthi, akwenzeki kuwo wonke umuntu . Akuwona wonke umuntu othola lesi sifo ngoba nje evezwe ku-beryllium. Kuyimpendulo evela ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela. Okusho ukuthi, kwenzeka kuphela kubantu abane-allergy ku-beryllium, noma lokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi 'i-Beryllium Sensitization' (BeS). Abantu abanalesi sifo bavame ukuba nezimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela nobunzima bokuphefumula. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukusha kwezicubu zamaphaphu kungenzeka. Lokhu kungadinga ukwelashwa ngemithi efana ne-corticosteroids kanye nokwelashwa komoya-mpilo ukuze kube lula ukuphefumula.

Iyini le 'Beryllium'?

I-Beryllium iyinsimbi elula kodwa eqinile kakhulu. Ayikhangwa omaginethi (ayinamagnetic), futhi iqhuba ukushisa nogesi kahle. Ngenxa yalezi zakhiwo, isetshenziswa emikhiqizweni eminingi. Isibonelo, i-beryllium isetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwezimoto, izingxenye zekhompyutha, imishini yegalofu, kanye nezinto zikagesi ezahlukahlukene. Uma usebenza endaweni ekhiqiza lezi zinhlobo zemikhiqizo, ungase uchayeke ku-beryllium.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zesifo se-beryllium?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zesifo se-beryllium.

1. Isifo Se-Beryllium Esingapheli (i-CBD) noma 'i-Berylliosis'

Lesi yisimo esiyinhloko esikhuluma ngaso. Sithinta amaphaphu abantu abazwela kakhulu ku-beryllium. Kuyisimo sokuzivikela komzimba, okusho ukuthi uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu luhlasela amaphaphu ethu. Ngezinye izikhathi singadidaniswa nezinye izifo, njenge-sarcoidosis. Ngemva kokuzwela kakhulu ku-beryllium, lesi simo esingamahlalakhona (i-CBD) singakhula ngesikhathi esithile. Ngezinye izikhathi singaphinde sibuye ngisho nangemva kokuba ukuchayeka ku-beryllium sekuphelile.

2. Isifo Esibi Se-Beryllium

Lokhu kuyinto engavamile manje. Ngenxa yemithetho yokuphepha emsebenzini, inani le-beryllium emoyeni aliphezulu njengakuqala. Lesi simo esibi sibangelwa ukuphefumula i-beryllium, kodwa izimpawu zivele ngokushesha kakhulu futhi zingaba zimbi kakhulu ngokushesha.

Ingabe kuyasithinta nesikhumba?

Yebo, i-beryllium ingathinta nesikhumba. Ingabangela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-contact dermatitis, okuyisifo sokuvuvukala kwesikhumba. Uma umuntu osebenza ne-beryllium eba nalolu hlobo lwenkinga yesikhumba, usengozini enkulu yokuthola ukuzwela kwe-beryllium. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha uma lokhu kwenzeka.

Ivame kangakanani i-Berylliosis?

Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi phakathi kuka-2% no-6% wezisebenzi ezivezwe ku-beryllium ziba nokuzwela kwe-beryllium, okungaholela kulesi simo. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abasebenza ne-beryllium njalo ababi nokuzwela kwe-beryllium noma isifo se-beryllium esingamahlalakhona (i-CBD). Yingakho besilokhu sithi lokhu akuyona into eyenzeka kuwo wonke umuntu.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-'berylliosis' (CBD)?

Izimpawu zalesi sifo zivame ukubonakala kancane kancane, zanda kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazo nhlobo izimpawu uma betholakala benesifo esingamahlalakhona se-beryllium (CBD). Uma une-CBD, ukuvuvukala kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu akho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaphaphu asabela entweni yangaphandle ebizwa ngokuthi i-beryllium. Ngenxa yalokho, amaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-granuloma akheka ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu. Lawa angagcina eseyizibazi. Lezi zibabazi zinganciphisa ukusebenza kwamaphaphu. Uma ukuvuvukala kuqhubeka, izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ukukhwehlela - Kungaba ukukhwehlela okomile.
• Ukukhathala - Akukhona nje ukukhathala, kodwa nomuzwa wokukhathala.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla
• Ubuhlungu bamalunga
• Ukujuluka ebusuku

Cabanga nje, uma ubhekene nezinto ezifana nokungakwazi ukukhuphuka izitebhisi njengakuqala, uzizwa unesiyezi lapho uhamba ibanga elifushane, noma ukukhwehlela njalo, ikakhulukazi uma usebenza ne-beryllium, kuwumqondo omuhle ukukhathazeka ngalokhu.

Yini ebangela isifo se-beryllium?

Ukuze uthole isifo se-beryllium, kumele uvezwe ku-beryllium futhi amasosha omzimba wakho kumele asabele kuso. Lokhu kusabela kwamasosha omzimba kwenzeka ngoba uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli elimhlophe legazi elibizwa ngokuthi ama-T-cells luba nomuzwa we-beryllium. Odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi kukhona isakhi sofuzo salokhu kuzwela kwe-beryllium. Okusho ukuthi, abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuzwela ku-beryllium ngenxa yokwakheka kwabo kwezakhi zofuzo . Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu uvezwe ku-beryllium othola lesi sifo . Okokuqala kufanele uvezwe nomuzwa we-beryllium.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola i-berylliosis?

Isifo se-Beryllium sithinta kakhulu abantu abasebenza emisebenzini ebachaya ku-beryllium. Isibonelo, abantu abasebenza ezindaweni ezifana nemboni yezindiza, ukukhiqiza izinto zikagesi, imishini yamazinyo, kanye nokusebenza kwensimbi basengozini enkulu. Nakuba ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo iyanda ngokuchayeka ku-beryllium eningi, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokuchayeka okuncane kakhulu kungabangela umuntu ukuba azwele ku-beryllium futhi athole isifo se-beryllium esingamahlalakhona (CBD). Uma usebenza emsebenzini okuveza ku-beryllium, umqashi wakho kufanele ahlinzeke ngokuhlolwa njalo kokuzwela ku-beryllium kanye nesifo se-beryllium esingamahlalakhona. Kuyilungelo lakho. Khumbula, izimpawu ze-CBD zingavela eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kokuchayeka kwakho kokugcina ku-beryllium. Ngisho noma okwamanje ungasebenzi ne-beryllium, uma uke watholakala ukuthi unomuzwa we-beryllium ngaphambilini, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe njalo ukuze ubone ukuthi une-CBD.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-berylliosis?

Uma amaphaphu onakele, kubeka nengcindezi enhliziyweni. Lokhu kungaholela ekukhuleni kwesifo senhliziyo nesenhliziyo. Inkinga evame kakhulu ukuthi izimpawu ziyaqhubeka noma aziphenduli kahle ekwelashweni.

Isifo seBeryllium (CBD) sitholakala kanjani?

Udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukuthola i-CBD ngemuva kokuthatha umlando ophelele wezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi noma yimuphi umlando wokuchayeka ku-beryllium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wakho uzobheka izimpawu ezingase ziphakamise i-CBD, njengemisindo engavamile yamaphaphu kanye nama-lymph node avuvukele. Kodwa-ke, lezi zimpawu zivame ukuvela ezigabeni zakamuva zesifo.

Ziyini izivivinyo zezokwelapha?

Udokotela angase acele ezinye noma zonke lezi zivivinyo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Kukhona ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukhethekile okubizwa ngokuthi i-Beryllium Lymphocyte Proliferation Test (BeLPT). Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi amangqamuzana akho amhlophe egazi asabela kanjani ku-beryllium.
• Ukuskena kwesifuba sakho nge-CT: Lokhu kuvumela udokotela ukuthi abone ukuthi kungakanani izibazi noma ukuvuvukala emaphashini akho.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuphefumula: I-Spirometry ukuhlolwa okwenziwa njalo okukala ukuthi ungaphefumula uphume futhi ungena kangakanani umoya.
• I-Bronchoscopy: Kule nqubo, udokotela ufaka ithubhu elincane elinekhamera emaphashini akho. Ithubhu lisetshenziselwa ukubheka izimpawu zokuzwela kwe-beryllium (BeS) emaphashini, bese kuthathwa isampula encane (i-biopsy) yezicubu zamaphaphu. Le biopsy isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ama-granuloma noma ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba ne-beryllium oketshezini lwamaphaphu.

Ingabe i-Berylliosis ingelapheka ngokuphelele?

Ngeshwa, ayikho ikhambi lesifo esingamahlalakhona se-beryllium (CBD). Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukunciphisa izimpawu zakho nokuvimba lesi sifo ukuthi singabi sibi kakhulu. Abanye abantu bangase bazizwe bekhululekile emavikini ambalwa okuqala ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, abanye kungase kudingeke baphile nezimpawu ezinzima impilo yabo yonke.

Wenzani njengokwelashwa?

Odokotela abaningi belapha i-CBD ngemithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba. Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukufaka:

• Uhlobo lwe-corticosteroid, njenge -prednisone .
• Imithi yesikhathi eside efana ne -methotrexate noma i-azathioprine .

Le mithi ingasiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala emaphashini akho, ukuvimbela izibazi, nokulawula izimpawu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze ukwelashwa komoya-mpilo ( umoya-mpilo owengeziwe) ukuze akusize uphefumule kalula. Kunezindlela eziningana zokunikeza umoya-mpilo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nendlela engcono kakhulu kuwe. Ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu kungasiza futhi ekuthuthukiseni izimpawu zakho nokuvuselela ukusebenza kwamaphaphu. Lokhu kuvame ukunconywa kubantu abanezimpawu ezinzima noma abasenenkinga yokuphefumula ngemva kokuqala ukwelashwa. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, umuntu angadinga ukufakelwa amaphaphu . Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvamile kakhulu.

Ungazivikela kanjani esifweni se-beryllium?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela esifweni se-beryllium esingamahlalakhona (i-CBD) ukugwema ukuchayeka ku-beryllium . Umqashi wakho kanye nabo bonke abasebenzi kufanele bazame ukunciphisa lokhu kuchayeka. Emazweni afana ne-United States, kufanele ulandele izindinganiso ezibekwe yizikhungo ezifana ne-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Kufanele kube nomoya owanele ezindaweni zokusebenza.
• Uma kungasetshenziswa ezinye izinsimbi ezifanayo, i-beryllium kufanele isetshenziswe okungenani .
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinqubo kusetshenziswa i-beryllium.
• Sebenzisa ngokuphephile izihlanzi ze-vacuum ezinezihlungi ze-High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) ukuze uzihlanze.
• Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinto Zokuzivikela Zomuntu Siqu (i-PPE) njengezifihla-buso kanye nemishini yokuphefumula.

Nakuba i-OSHA ibeke umkhawulo wokuvezwa ovumelekile (i-PEL) wezinhlobo ze-beryllium ze-CBD, kungenzeka ukuthi lo mkhawulo ungase udlule. Ngakho-ke, buza umqashi wakho ngenani le-PEL lenkampani yakho.

Yini ongayenza ukuze uvikele umndeni wakho?

Uma usebenza ne-beryllium, ungenza okulandelayo ukuvikela umndeni wakho ekuvezweni:

• Ngaphambi kokungena endaweni yokusebenza, susa izingubo zakho ezivamile bese ugqoka iyunifomu yakho yokusebenza .
• Ngaphambi kokuphuma emsebenzini, khumula iyunifomu yakho bese uyibeka emshinini wokuwasha izingubo onesembozo (kungcono uma lena ingeyesemsebenzini).
• Geza kahle ngaphambi kokuphuma emsebenzini.
• Hlanza izicathulo zakho zokusebenza ngaphambi kokushiya indawo yokusebenza futhi ungaziyisi ekhaya .

Lezi zinto ezincane zingasiza kakhulu ekuvimbeleni uthuli lwe-beryllium ukuthi lungangeni ekhaya lakho, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane.

Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kunganquma ingozi?

Ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kungakwazi ukuhlonza abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola ukuzwela kwe-beryllium (BeS) kanye/noma i-CBD. Kodwa-ke, kudingeka izifundo ezengeziwe ngaphambi kokuba lokhu kuhlolwa kube yinto evamile. Njengamanje, ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kwe-BeS kwenziwa kuphela ngemva kokuxoxisana ngokucophelela nomeluleki wezakhi zofuzo kanye nodokotela wakho, futhi ngokwesisekelo secala ngalinye.

Uyini umbono womuntu one-berylliosis?

Odokotela abakaqondi ngokugcwele ukuthi kungani isifo esingamahlalakhona se-beryllium (CBD) sithinta abantu abahlukene ngendlela ehlukile. Abanye abantu bangase babe nama-granuloma emaphashini abo ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Abanye bangase babe nezimpawu, njengobunzima bokuphefumula, eziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abanye abantu abatholi lutho ngalesi sifo kuze kube yilapho sesibi ngokwanele ukuba sibe yingozi empilweni. Akunakwenzeka ukusho ngqo ukuthi i-CBD izokuthinta kanjani. Yingakho kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ukuze ahlolwe futhi aqashwe njalo.

Ingabe isifo se-beryllium esingamahlalakhona (i-CBD) singaba yingozi?

Yebo, kungaba njalo. Abantu abane-CBD bangathola ukulimala okukhulu kwamaphaphu, okungabeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe enhliziyweni. Lokhu kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo noma ngisho nasekufeni. Kodwa-ke, uma lesi sifo sitholakala futhi selashwa kusenesikhathi , ingozi yokuthola i-CBD enzima iphansi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma utholakale une-'Beryllium Sensitization', kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe njalo.

Ngingayibona nini udokotela?

Uma unezimpawu zesifo se-beryllium, ikakhulukazi uma uke wavezwa yi-beryllium emsebenzini wakho , bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Ungalibali.

Yimiphi imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Kuvamile ukuba nemibuzo uma kutholakale ukuthi unesifo. Nansi eminye imibuzo ongayibuza udokotela wakho:

• Yini okufanele ngiyilindele kulesi simo?
• Ngingakuvimbela kanjani ukuchayeka esikhathini esizayo ku-beryllium?
• Ngingabuyela yini emsebenzini endaweni lapho kukhona khona i-'Beryllium'?
• Ingabe amalungu omndeni wami kufanele ahlolwe ukuthi awanawo yini umuzwa wokungezwani komzimba ne-beryllium?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwezimpawu zami?
• Ingabe kuzodingeka ngithathe imithi noma ngisebenzise umoya-mpilo unomphela?

Buza imibuzo efana nalena bese uthola ukuqonda okucacile ngesimo sakho.

Ingabe i-'Berylliosis' kanye ne-'Chronic Beryllium Disease' (CBD) ziyinto efanayo?

Cha, lawa amagama amabili esimo esifanayo. Ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ngokushintshana ngoba uhlobo olubi lwalesi sifo manje seluyivelakancane kakhulu.

I-beryllium ibangela umdlavuza kangakanani?

I-International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) ibhale i-beryllium njenge -carcinogen kubantu nasezilwaneni . Lokhu kusho ukuthi izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi i-beryllium ingandisa ingozi yomdlavuza.

Yikuphi ukudla okuqukethe i-beryllium? Ingabe kuyingozi?

I-Beryllium iyinsimbi eyenzeka ngokwemvelo enhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, eminye imifino ingaba ne-beryllium deposits. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezempilo wase-US, uphizi wengadi, ubhontshisi wezinso,Ubhontshisi nezinsini zamapheya ziqukethe i-beryllium eningi kakhulu.

Kodwa, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi akukho bungozi bokuthi ukudla okudlayo kungabangela i-'Beryllium Sensitization' . Ngakho-ke akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Iningi labantu alibi nesifo se-beryllium esingamahlalakhona (CBD) ngenxa yokuchayeka ku-beryllium. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanokuzwela kwe-beryllium (BeS) bangagula ngisho nangokuchayeka okuncane kakhulu . Uma unezimpawu ze-CBD, njengobunzima bokuphefumula nokukhwehlela, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha , ikakhulukazi uma usebenza embonini lapho ungase uchayeke khona ku-beryllium. Ngokwelashwa kusenesikhathi, abantu abaningi bangagcina impilo yabo isezingeni elihle. Nakekela impilo yakho futhi ube nolwazi!