Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi kukhona okungahambi kahle emzimbeni wakho nokuthi awuzizwa kahle? Ingabe uzizwa sengathi umzimba wakho usebenza ngokushesha okukhulu, uzizwa ukhathazekile, futhi unenkinga yokugcina ingqondo yakho igxile? Uma kunjalo, i-thyroid gland yakho ingase isebenze kanzima kakhulu. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hyperthyroidism.

Kuyini i-hyperthyroidism? Masiyiqonde kalula!

Kalula nje, i-hyperthyroidism yilapho indlala yegilo entanyeni yakho isebenza ngokweqile futhi ikhiqiza i-hormone yegilo eningi kakhulu. Indlala yegilo iyindlala encane, efana novemvane etholakala ngaphambili entanyeni yakho. Kodwa yize incane, yenza umsebenzi omningi. Ama-hormone egilo abalulekile ekulawuleni izinto eziningi emizimbeni yethu, ikakhulukazi izinga umzimba wethu osebenzisa ngalo amandla, noma i-metabolism.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-hormone e-thyroid, i-`triiodothyronine (T3)` kanye ne-`thyroxine (T4)`. Kukhona futhi i-`thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)`, evela endlaleni ye-pituitary futhi itshela i-thyroid ukuthi yenze ama-hormone. Manje, ku-hyperthyroidism, okwenzekayo ukuthi la ma-hormone `(T3)` kanye ne-`(T4)` aqoqana egazini ngaphezu kwalokho okufanele. Bese, izinto eziningi emzimbeni ziyashesha, njengesitimela esisheshayo. Ungase uzizwe sengathi umzimba wakho wonke "usebenzisa ngokweqile". Ungase uzizwe sengathi awuyena wena. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu futhi ubone udokotela uma unezimpawu.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Empeleni, i-hyperthyroidism ayisona isimo esivamile kakhulu. Isibonelo, ezweni elifana neMelika, kuthiwa yi-1.3% kuphela yabantu abanalesi simo. Kodwa, sithinta wonke umuntu, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuqaphela.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-hyperthyroidism? Bheka ukuthi unazo yini lezi zimpawu!

Ngenxa yokuthi i-hyperthyroidism ingathinta umzimba wethu wonke, kungase kube nezimpawu ezingaphezu kweyodwa. Abanye abantu bangase babe nezimbalwa zalezi zimpawu, kanti abanye bangase babe nazo eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Bheka ukuthi uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi:

• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo (i-Tachycardia) kanye/noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo. Kuzwakala sengathi isigubhu sishaya ngaphakathi esifubeni.
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
• Ukuzwa sengathi izandla zakho ziyaqhaqhazela (`(Ukuthuthumela kwesandla)`). Kuzwakala sengathi uyaqhaqhazela ngisho noma uphethe inkomishi yetiye.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathazekile njalo, ungahlaliseki, futhi/noma ucasuka kalula .
• Ukwehlisa isisindo naphezu kwesifiso sokudla esihle, mhlawumbe noma udla kakhulu.
• Ukuqunjelwa njalo nomaIsimo esifana nesifo sohudo .
• Ukujuluka ngokweqile kanye nokungabekezelelani nokushisa okukhulu.
• Umugqa wezinwele ongazinzile, njengokulahlekelwa izinwele noma ukuhlukana kwezinwele.
• Ukungalali (ukungakwazi ukulala ebusuku).
• Izinguquko emjikelezweni wokuya esikhathini kowesifazane, isibonelo, ukwehla kwenani legazi eligeleza phakathi nenyanga noma ukuyeka ngokuphelele ukuya esikhathini .
• Ukuvuvukala kwengaphambili lentamo, okubizwa ngokuthi i-goiter .
• Amehlo avuvukile noma avele ngaphandle (`(Isifo samehlo se-thyroid)`).

Lezi zimpawu zingaqala ngokuzumayo, noma zingavela kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela uma uzizwa sengathi unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu.

Kungani i-hyperthyroidism yenzeka? Ziyini izimbangela?

Kungaba nezimbangela ezahlukahlukene ze-hyperthyroidism. Ake sibheke eziyinhloko:

• Isifo sikaGraves: Lesi yisona sizathu esivame kakhulu se-hyperthyroidism. Isifo sikaGraves siyisifo esibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba. Kalula nje, amasosha omzimba wethu ahlasela i-thyroid gland yethu, okwenza ikhiqize ama-hormone amaningi kakhulu. Uma othile emndenini wakho enesifo se-thyroid noma ezinye izimo ezibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube naso.

• Amaqhubu e-thyroid: Lawa amaqhubu noma amaqoqo amaseli akha i-thyroid gland. Ngezinye izikhathi la maqhubu angakhiqiza i-thyroid hormone eningi kakhulu. Odokotela babiza lokhu ngokuthi i-toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG). Kodwa ungakhathazeki, la maqhubu e-thyroid awavamile ukuba nomdlavuza.

• I-thyroiditis: Lokhu ukuvuvukala, noma ukuvuvukala, kwendlala yegilo. Lokhu kungabangela i-hyperthyroidism yesikhashana. Ngemva kwalesi sikhathi sokukhiqiza ngokweqile, i-hypothyroidism (ukungakhiqizwa kahle kwamahomoni egilo) ingase ivele. Uma ukuvuvukala sekuphelile, amazinga amahomoni angabuyela esimweni esijwayelekile.

• Ukungenisa i-iodine eningi emzimbeni:Uma siphuza i-iodine eningi kakhulu, kungaba ngokudla esikudlayo noma ngemithi ethile, kungashukumisa i-thyroid gland ukuthi ikhiqize i-hormone eningi kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-iodine iyiminerali ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwama-hormone e-thyroid. Lokhu kungenzeka ngezinye izikhathi uma uthola i-IV iodine contrast (udayi osetshenziswa kuma-x-ray athile) noma uma uphuza imithi efana ne-Amiodarone (umuthi wenhliziyo).

• I-TSH-releasing pituitary adenoma / i-Thyrotropinoma: Lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu. Isimila esincane endlaleni ye-pituitary ebuchosheni bethu sikhiqiza i-thyroid-stimulating hormone eningi kakhulu (i-TSH). Lokhu kuphoqa i-thyroid gland ukuthi ikhiqize ama-hormone engeziwe.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-hyperthyroidism?

Abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi simo kunabanye. Ezinye zezinto eziyinhloko ezibangela lesi simo yilezi:

• Othile emndenini wakho unesifo se-thyroid kanye/noma izimo zokuzivikela komzimba.
• Ukubhema.
• Ukukhulelwa (ikakhulukazi i-postpartum thyroiditis, isimo esenzeka ngemva kokubeletha).

Udokotela uhlonza kanjani lokhu?

Udokotela uzolandela izinyathelo eziningana ukuze anqume ukuthi une-hyperthyroidism:

1. Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Okokuqala, udokotela uzokuxilonga ukuze abone ukuthi unazo yini izimpawu ze-hyperthyroidism. Isibonelo, ingabe i-thyroid gland yakho ivuvukele, ingabe ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kuyakhuphuka, futhi ingabe isikhumba sakho sizizwa sifudumele futhi sithambile?

2. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-thyroid: Lokhu kuhlola amazinga ama-hormone e-thyroid egazini lakho. Umuntu one-hyperthyroidism unezinga eliphakeme kunajwayelekile lama-hormone `(T3)` kanye `(T4)`. Izinga `le-Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)`` livame ukuba ngaphansi (kodwa hhayi njalo) kunokujwayelekile.

3. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi lama-antibody e-thyroid: Lokhu kusiza ekunqumeni ukuthi isifo sikaGraves siyimbangela yini.

4. Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kwezithombe kwendlala yakho yegilo kungenziwa ukuze kutholakale imbangela ye-hyperthyroidism. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa nokuskena kwe-radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU), kanye ne-thyroid ultrasound. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela lokhu kuhlolwa futhi akuncomele okukufanele kakhulu.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-hyperthyroidism?

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-hyperthyroidism iyisimo esingelapheka. Kuye ngembangela yesimo sakho, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingase zikufanelekele kangcono kunezinye. Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa nawe ngazo zonke lezi zindlela zokwelapha futhi akusize ukhethe uhlelo lokwelashwa olungcono kakhulu kuwe.

• Imithi yokulwa ne-thyroid: I-Methimazole (Tapazole®) kanye ne-Propylthiouracil (PTU) zinciphisa ikhono le-thyroid gland yakho lokwenza ama-hormone. Le mithi iyindlela yokwelapha evame kakhulu ye-hyperthyroidism. Ukusebenza kwe-thyroid ngokuvamile kungalawulwa zingakapheli izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Izimpawu zakho zingase ziqale ukuthuthuka zingakapheli izinsuku noma amasonto ambalwa.

• Ukwelashwa nge-radioactive iodine (RAI): Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha i-capsule noma uketshezi oluqukethe i-radioactive iodine ngomlomo. I-radioactive iodine iya ngqo emaseli akho e-thyroid bese iwabhubhisa. Ukwelashwa nge-RAI kuvame ukubhubhisa unomphela i-thyroid gland, ngaleyo ndlela kwelashwe i-hyperthyroidism. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abathola lokhu kwelashwa kuzodingeka bathathe imithi ye-thyroid hormone (i-Levothyroxine) impilo yabo yonke ukuze balondoloze amazinga ajwayelekile e-hormone.

• Ukuhlinzwa (`(Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-thyroid)`): Udokotela ohlinzayo angasusa yonke noma ingxenye yendlala yakho ye-thyroid. Lokhu kungalungisa i-hyperthyroidism, kodwa kuvame ukuphumela ku-`Hypothyroidism`` (amazinga aphansi e-hormone ye-thyroid). Uzodinga ukuthatha imithi ye-hormone ye-thyroid impilo yakho yonke.

• Ama-Beta-blocker: Le mithi ingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu ze-hyperthyroidism, njengokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukungaphumuli, nokuthuthumela. Kodwa ayishintshi amazinga ama-hormone egazini. Udokotela wakho angakunika la ma-beta-blocker kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Ngayinye yalezi zindlela zokwelapha inemiphumela yayo emibi kanye nezingozi zayo. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela lokhu. Ungesabi ukubuza imibuzo.

Iyini i-prognosis kumuntu one-hyperthyroidism? (Isibikezelo)

I-Hyperthyroidism iyisimo esingelapheka. Iningi labantu liyaphumelela ekwelashweni. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zidinga imithi yempilo yonke, kodwa zingasiza ukugcina amazinga akho e-hormone ye-thyroid esezingeni elifanele.

Kodwa-ke, uma i-hyperthyroidism ebangelwa yisifo sikaGraves ingelashwa, ingaba yimbi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi iholele ezinkingeni ezifana ne-Graves' ophthalmopathy. Uma unesifo sikaGraves, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi ungasiphatha kanjani kangcono.

Kwenzekani uma ingelashwa? Ingabe iyingozi?

Uma ingelashwa noma ingelashwa kahle, i-hyperthyroidism ingaholela ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye zazo yilezi:

• I-Atrial fibrillation (Afib) (ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile)
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okubangelwa ukuminyana (isifo senhliziyo)
• Ukungazali
• `Ischemic stroke` (ukukhubazeka)
• I-Osteoporosis (ukuncipha kwamathambo)

Inkinga engavamile kodwa engase ibe yingozi empilweni ye-hyperthyroidism yi-thyroid storm (ebizwa nangokuthi i-thyroid crisis noma i-thyrotoxic crisis). Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-thyroid gland yakho ikhiqiza inani elikhulu le-thyroid hormone egazini lakho ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. I-hyperthyroidism engelashwanga noma engelashwanga kahle ingabangela i-thyroid storm. Ingabhebhethekiswa yizimo ezicindezelayo ezifana nokutheleleka, ukulimala, kanye nokuhlinzwa.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma uzizwa unezimpawu ze-hyperthyroidism, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ukuze ahlolwe isimo sakho futhi athole ukwelashwa okudingekayo.

Uma usuvele wazi ukuthi unalesi simo, kuzodingeka ubonane nodokotela wakho njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kusebenza kahle.

Uma ubona izimpawu ze-"thyroid storm", njengomkhuhlane ophakeme kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, hamba uye esibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ingabe lesi simo sizobangela ukukhuluphala?

I-Hyperthyroidism ngokuvamile ayibangeli ukukhuluphala. Eqinisweni, abanye abantu bancipha isisindo yize benesifiso sokudla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-hyperthyroidism ikhulisa izinga lokugaya umzimba emzimbeni wakho, okubangela ukuthi usebenzise amakhalori amaningi kunokuvamile ukuze uthole amandla.

I-Hypothyroidism (ukukhiqizwa okuphansi kwama-hormone e-thyroid) kungabangela ukwehla kwesilinganiso se-metabolic kanye nokukhuluphala.

Ingabe i-hyperthyroidism ingakhula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Yebo, lesi simo singase senzeke ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhulelwa, umzimba wakho udinga ukukhiqiza ama-hormone e-thyroid amaningi kunokujwayelekile ukusiza ingane yakho ikhule. Izinga le-hormone ye-thyroid eliphakeme kancane kunejwayelekile akuyona inkinga, kodwa uma izinga liphezulu kakhulu, udokotela wakho kuzodingeka athuthukise uhlelo lokwelashwa. Ngoba amazinga aphezulu e-hormone ye-thyroid angathinta hhayi wena kuphela, kodwa nengane yakho.

I-Hyperthyroidism ingaba nzima ukuyithola ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, njengoba lesi simo singafihlwa amazinga e-hormone ye-thyroid akhuphuka ngokwemvelo kanye nezinye izimpawu zokukhulelwa.

Yikuphi ukudla okufanele ukugweme uma une-hyperthyroidism?

Kwezinye izimo, ukudla ukudla okuningi kakhulu okune-iodine eningi noma okune-iodine eyengeziwe kungabangela i-hyperthyroidism noma kube kubi kakhulu isimo esikhona.

Uma une-hyperthyroidism, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi wenze izinguquko ezithile ekudleni kwakho. Njalo xhumana nodokotela noma isazi sokudla esibhalisiwe ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko ezinkulu ekudleni kwakho. Khumbula, i-hyperthyroidism ayinakwelashwa ngokudla kuphela. Cishe uzodinga ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha.

Uma udokotela wakho encoma ukudla okune-iodine ephansi, zama ukugwema lokhu kudla:

• Inhlanzi
• Ukhula lwasolwandle (`(Ukhula lwasolwandle)` kanye `(Kelp)`)
• Izinkalankala nama-lobster
• I-Sushi
• I-shrimp
• I-algae kanye ne-alginate
• Imikhiqizo yobisi efana nobisi noshizi
• Iqanda eliphuzi
• Usawoti oxutshwe ne-iodized

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kuvamile ukuzizwa ucindezelekile kancane uma uthola ukuxilongwa okusha. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-hyperthyroidism iyisimo esingelapheka. Uma ubhekene nezimpawu ezifana nokuthi umzimba wakho usebenza ngokweqile, uzizwa ukhathazekile, noma unenkinga yokugxilisa ingqondo, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela. Udokotela wakho angenza izivivinyo ezimbalwa ezilula futhi ancome ukwelashwa okufanele ukusiza umzimba wakho ubuyele esimweni esifanele. Ungakhathazeki, ungahlala uphilile!