Uyawabona amabala amnyama noma ama-web entanta phambi kwamehlo akho? Uyawabona ukukhanya? Ake sifunde nge-Posterior Vitreous Detachment!

Sawubona! Wake wawabona amachashazi amancane amnyama, izinto ezifana ne-spider web , noma ngisho nezinto ezincane ezifana nezinwele zintanta phambi kwamehlo akho? Ngezinye izikhathi ungabona ngisho nokukhanya okuvela ekhoneni leso lakho, akunjalo? Lokhu kungaba yinto ephazamisayo kakhulu. Abantu abaningi bayakwesaba lokhu. Ngakho-ke, uma uke waba nalokhu okuhlangenwe nakho, ake sixoxe namuhla ngokuthi yini ekubangelayo, ingabe kuyingozi, nokuthi yini engenziwa. Isimo esizokhuluma ngaso yi -Posterior Vitreous Detachment , noma i-PVD ngamafuphi.

Iyini le 'Posterior Vitreous Detachment'?

Kalula nje, iso lethu lifana nebhola elincane. Ngaphakathi kwaleli bhola kugcwele into efana nejeli . Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ijeli ye-vitreous . Le jeli yilokho okunikeza iso isimo salo esiyindilinga futhi kuvikele izinto ezibucayi ngaphakathi kweso. Ngemuva kweso kukhona ungqimba lwezinzwa oluncane kakhulu noluzwela kakhulu. Lubizwa ngokuthi i-retina . Lusebenza njengefilimu ekhamera. Izithombe esizibonayo zakhiwa lapho ukukhanya kwehlela kule retina.

Manje, i-PVD yilapho ijeli le-vitreous elingaphakathi kweso lincipha kancane kancane, lincipha , futhi lihlukana ne-retina engemuva kwalo. Cabanga ngayo njengento efana nejeli encipha futhi ihlukana kancane nodonga. Lena inqubo yemvelo evame ukwenzeka njengoba siguga.

Uma leli jeli lihlukana ne-retina, njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, izithunzi ezimnyama, ezimpunga, amachashazi amancane, nezinto ezifana nezimpethu ziqala ukuntanta phambi kwamehlo. Abanye abantu bangabona ngisho nokukhanya okuvela ekhoneni leso labo. Kungathatha cishe amasonto amane kuya kwayisithupha ukuthi leli jeli lihlukane ngokuphelele ne-retina. Uma uqala ukubona amabala anjengalawa okokuqala, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wamehlo.

Ziyini izigaba ze-PVD?

Lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi ``(PVD)`` asenzeki ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ijeli liphuma kancane kancane ngezigaba eziningana. Lena inqubo yemvelo eyenzeka ngokuguga.

Kunezigaba ezine eziyinhloko:

• Isigaba 1: Ijeli elingaphakathi kweso lakho liqala ukukhululeka kancane kwi -macula (ingxenye ye-retina esisiza sibone ngokucacile nangokucacile), okuyingxenye eyinhloko yeso. Kodwa lisanamathele embobeni encane enkabeni ye-macula ebizwa ngokuthi i-fovea , enikeza umbono obukhali kakhulu.
• Isigaba 2:Manje ijeli isuka kancane enkabeni ye-fovea, kodwa ingase inamathele endaweni encane kakhulu ebizwa ngokuthi i-foveola (ephinde ibe senkabeni ye-fovea).
• Isigaba 3: Kulesi sigaba, ijeli selisukile ngokuphelele ku-macula, kodwa i-optic nerve, ethwala ulwazi lokukhanya nesithombe oluvela esweni oluya ebuchosheni, isanamathele.
• Isigaba 4: Yilapho ijeli isuswa ngokuphelele kokubili ku-macula kanye ne-optic nerve. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi i-PVD ephelele .

Ukwazi lezi zigaba ngqo kungase kungabi kubaluleke kangako kuwe, kodwa kuzosiza udokotela ukuqonda isimo sakho.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-PVD?

Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kunalokho ocabanga. Empeleni lesi yisimo esivamile esithinta abantu abaningi, futhi senzeka njengoba bekhula. Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi cishe abantu abangu-66 kwabayi-100 abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-66 no-86 bahlakulela lesi simo. Ngakho ungakhathazeki ngokuthi lesi yisifo esingathi sína esithinta wena kuphela.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-PVD?

Njengoba sesike sakhuluma kancane ngaphambili, kunezimpawu eziningana eziyinhloko ze-PVD:

• Ukubona izinto zintanta phambi kwamehlo (`(Floaters)`): Lesi yisibonakaliso esiyinhloko abantu abaningi abasibikayo. Abanye bathi lezi zibukeka njengezinambuzane ezincane, ulwembu lwesicabucabu, izinwele, noma uthuli. Ngezinye izikhathi zingabonakala ngesimo esiyindilinga noma esiyisiyingi. Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi babiza lezi ngokuthi ``(Weiss rings)`` . Lezi ziyacasula kakhulu lapho zihambahamba, akunjalo?
• Ukukhanya : Abanye abantu bangase babone ukukhanya okuphuma ekhoneni leso labo ngokuzumayo, njengokukhanya okuvela ekhamera. Lokhu kuvame ukubonakala ekhoneni leso labo. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kwenzeke ezindaweni ezimnyama. Lokhu kukhanya kubangelwa ijeli eliphuma ku-retina njengoba lihlukana.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubonana nodokotela wamehlo ngokushesha uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zintsha noma ziyanda, ngoba ngezinye izikhathi zingaba izimpawu zesimo esibucayi kakhulu.

Ngokuvamile, lezi zimpawu ziyancipha kancane kancane futhi ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, ubuchopho bakho buyajwayela futhi akukukhathazi kangako.

Yini ebangela i-PVD?

Uma sisebancane, njengaseminyakeni yethu yama-20, amehlo ethu anomucu ocwebezelayo ngaphakathi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-vitreous humor.Lokho kusho. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, u-99% wawo ngamanzi, okunye kufana nezinto ezifana ne-`(collagen)` kanye ne-`(hyaluronic acid)`. Njengoba siguga, inani lamanzi kule jeli liyakhula, futhi lezo zindwangu ze-`(collagen)` ziyaqhekeka, bese ijeli iqala ukuba uketshezi. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngoba ayinalo lolo bukhulu, ijeli iyancipha ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ihlukane ne-`(retina)`. Lokhu kufana nebhaluni elidala elinciphayo lapho umoya ukhishwa.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-PVD?

Njengoba lokhu kuyingxenye yemvelo yokuguga, akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-40 bakuthole. Ngokuvamile kubonakala kakhulu ngemva kweminyaka engu-50. Amathuba okukhula lokhu ayanda njengoba iminyaka ikhula.

Futhi, uma iso elilodwa liba ne-PVD, kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi elinye iso nalo lizoba nalo phakathi nonyaka owodwa kuya kwemibili ezayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izici zingandisa ingozi yokuthola i-PVD:

• Kulabo abangaboni kahle (i-Myopia) . Okusho ukuthi, labo abakwazi ukubona eduze kodwa hhayi kude.
• Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela (`( Diabetes Mellitus)`) .
• Kulabo abake balimala kakhulu emehlweni ngaphambilini .
• Kulabo abake bahlinzwa amehlo (isibonelo, ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract ).

Ingabe i-PVD ingadala ukulahlekelwa umbono?

Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo. I-PVD ngokuvamile ayibuhlungu . Futhi, i-PVD iyodwa ayibangeli ukulahlekelwa umbono.

Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, lapho leyo jeli iphuma ku-retina, ingadonswa kanzima kakhulu bese kuvela izinkinga . Yilapho ukubona kungathinteka khona.

Ngenhlanhla, lezi zinkinga zenzeka kubantu abangaphansi kuka-15 kwabayi-100 abane-PVD. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abaningi bamane babe ne-PVD ngaphandle kwezinkinga, futhi izimpawu ziyaphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izinkinga eziyinhloko ezingaba khona yilezi:

• Ukwenyuka kwe-retinal : Uma ijeli iphuma, i-retina inganwebeka futhi idabuke.
• Ukuqhekeka kwe-retinal : Ukudabuka kwe-retina, okuvumela uketshezi ukuthi luvuze ngokudabuka, futhi i-retina ingahlukana ngokuphelele nezicubu ezingaphansi. Lokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo futhi kudinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.
• Imbobo ku-macula (`(imbobo ye-macular)`) : Njengoba sishilo, imbobo ingakheka ku-`(i-macula)`, ingxenye ebukhali kakhulu yokubona.
• I-Macular pucker (noma i-epiretinal membrane) : I-membrane encane yakheka phezu kwe-macula, iyinciphise futhi ibangele ukubona okuphambene.

Yingakho sithi kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha nje lapho uqala ukuzwa izimpawu ze-PVD. Ngemuva kwalokho singahlola noma yiziphi izinkinga ezinjengalezi.

Udokotela uyixilonga kanjani i-PVD?

Uma unezimpawu ze-PVD, kufanele ubonane nochwepheshe wamehlo (udokotela wamehlo noma udokotela wamehlo) ngokushesha . Uzohlola amehlo akho ngokucophelela.

Ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvulekile . Kulokhu kuhlolwa, udokotela ufaka amaconsi athile esweni lakho bese evula i-pupil. Lokhu kumvumela ukuthi abone i-retina, i-optic nerve, kanye ne-vitreous gel ngaphakathi kweso lakho. Usebenzisa ukukhanya okukhethekile namalensi ukwenza lokhu. Lokhu kuhlolwa akubuhlungu kakhulu, kodwa ungase uzizwe umuzwa omncane wokuhlaba ngemva kokufakwa kwamaconsi, futhi umbono wakho ungase ufiphale kancane amahora ambalwa.

Akuvamile kakhulu, njengalapho kukhona igazi elincane esweni, futhi uma udokotela engakwazi ukubona ingaphakathi leso kahle, angenza i-ultrasound yamehlo . Lokhu futhi akubuhlungu. Kusebenzisa amaza omsindo avame kakhulu ukubheka ngaphakathi kweso.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-PVD?

Lena futhi inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. Uma kungekho zinkinga, i-PVD ayidingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Ngoba kuyinto eyenzeka ngokwemvelo.

Kodwa-ke, ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezivela ku-PVD, kungcono ukuhlolwa kwamehlo uma uqala ukuzwa izimpawu, futhi uma udokotela wakho ekuncoma, kufanele uphinde uhlolwe cishe emavikini amane kuya kwayisithupha. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukulandela .

Phakathi nalokhu kuhlolwa kwesibili, udokotela ubheka izinto eziningana. Okokuqala ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini okuphuthelwe lapho kutholakala ukuthi une-PVD. Okwesibili ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini izinkinga ezintsha ezivele. Isibonelo, ukudabuka kwe-retinal kungenzeka ukuthi kwakungekho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuqala, kodwa kungase kuvele kamuva. Uma kukhona, kungelashwa ngokushesha.

Ukuhlinzwa kwezicubu ezintantayo akuvamile ukwenziwa, njengoba kunezingozi ezihilelekile (isib. ukutheleleka, i-cataract, ukuhlukana kwe-retinal). Kodwa-ke, kwabanye abantu, uma izinhlanzayo zikhathaza kakhulu kangangokuthi azikwazi ukusebenza nsuku zonke, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-vitrectomy ingenziwa ukuze kususwe ijeli. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukubonisana nodokotela ohlinzayo we-vitreoretinal , udokotela ohlinzayo ochwepheshe be-retina kanye ne-eyeball, ngaphambi kokwenza kanjalo.

Ayikho yini indlela yokuvimbela i-PVD ukuthi ingakhuli?

Ngeshwa, ayikho indlela yokuvimbela i-PVD. Kuyingxenye yemvelo yokuguga, njengoba nje izinwele zethu ziba mpunga noma isikhumba sethu sibe nemibimbi.

Kodwa, into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza, uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezintsha embonweni wakho,(Isibonelo: Ngokungazelelwe ubona izinto eziningi ezintantayo, ubona ukukhanya okuningi, uzizwa sengathi ingxenye yombono wakho imbozwe isikrini esimnyama) Kubalulekile ukwazisa udokotela wamehlo ngokushesha. Lokhu kuzosiza ekunqumeni ukuthi kukhona yini ezinye izifo zamehlo futhi, uma kube nezinkinga, ukwelashwa kungaqalwa ngokushesha.

Liyini ikusasa ngomuntu one-PVD?

Abantu abane-PVD bavame ukwenza imisebenzi yabo evamile ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Akukho nkinga ngezinto ezifana nokushayela, ukufunda, noma ukusebenza kukhompyutha.

Nakuba lesi simo singapheli, ama-floating kanye nama-flash angase anciphe kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ekugcineni angabonakali nhlobo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ubuchopho bakho buyajwayela kancane kancane ama-floating bese bufunda ukuwashaya indiva.

Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi i-PVD izovela kwelinye iso phakathi nonyaka noma emibili kusukela ku-PVD yokuqala. Uma izimpawu zivela kwelinye iso, lelo soso kufanele lihlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukudabuka kwe-retinal.

Iningi labantu alibi nezinkinga ezifana nokukhala kwe-retinal. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlolwa kwamehlo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awunaso isimo esibucayi kakhulu.

Ingabe kukhona engingakwenza ukuze nginciphise ukubonakala kwalezi zinto ezintantayo ekhaya?

Nakuba kungekho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwe-PVD, lezi zinto zingasiza ekunciphiseni ukungakhululeki kwama-floaters kanye nama-flash ahambisana nakho:

• Kancane kancane hambisa amehlo akho phezulu, phansi, ohlangothini nohlangothi, futhi wenze iziyingi. Mhlawumbe i-floater izosuka lapho ubheke khona ngqo.
• Nciphisa ukukhanya kwezikrini ezifana nama-smartphone, amakhompyutha, nama-TV. Lokhu kunganciphisa ukubonakala kwama-floaters.
• Sebenzisa izibuko zamehlo ezinikezwe udokotela wakho ngendlela efanele.
• Gqoka izibuko zelanga ezindaweni ezikhanyiswe kahle, ikakhulukazi uma uphuma elangeni. Lokhu kunganciphisa ukubonakala kwezibuko ezintantayo.

Nakuba lokhu kungase kungabi impumuzo enkulu, kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukungakhululeki kancane.

Ingabe i-PVD iyisimo esibucayi?

Igama elithi ``Posterior Vitreous Detachment'' lingase lesabe kancane. Kodwa ngenhlanhla, lesi akusona isimo esibi samehlo ngokwaso. Kuyinqubo yemvelo eyenzeka njengoba sikhula. Abantu abadala abangaphezu kwengxenye emazweni afana ne-United States bayabhekana naso.

Nakuba lesi simo ngokwaso singesibi kakhulu, izinkinga ezingabangelwa yiso zingaba zimbi kakhulu. Uma kwenzeka into efana nokuqhekeka kwe-retinal noma ukuqhekeka kwe-retinal esikhulume ngakho, kudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha, noma ungase ulahlekelwe umbono unomphela.

Ngakho-ke, uma unezimpawu ze-PVD, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubonana nodokotela wamehlo ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini into engathi sína kakhulu, noma ukuthi idinga ukwelashwa. Ungakhathazeki, isikhathi esiningi kuyinto elula.

Ngakho-ke yiziphi izinto okudingeka sizikhumbule kulokhu?

Kulungile, ake sifingqe lokho okudingeka ukukhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho:

• (PVD) ukuhlukaniswa kwejeli ngaphakathi kweso ne-retina njengoba siguga. Lokhu kuvamile kakhulu futhi akukho okufanele sikhathazeke ngakho.
• Uma ubona amabala amnyama, noma ukukhanya okukhanyayo phambi kwamehlo akho, lokhu kungaba izimpawu ze-PVD.
• Uma lezi zimpawu zivela ngokuzumayo, zintsha, noma zikhula, kufanele nakanjani ubonane nodokotela wamehlo. Nakuba i-PVD ingeyona ingozi, ngezinye izikhathi ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu, njengokudabuka kwe-retinal.
• Ngokuvamile, i-PVD ayidingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuba nokuhlolwa okulandelayo njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho ukuze kuhlolwe noma yiziphi izinkinga.
• Lezi zimpawu zizophela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ubuchopho bakho buzozijwayela. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba nesineke futhi ungesabi.
• Kungumthwalo wakho ukunakekela amehlo akho! Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngesikhathi esifanele.

Ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokusiza. Uma uneminye imibuzo, ungakhohlwa ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho.