Iyini i-brainstem? Ibaluleke kangakanani empilweni yethu?

Wake wazibuza ukuthi ungaphefumula kanjani, inhliziyo yakho ishaya kanjani ngokwemvelo, ukuthi amehlo akho ahamba kanjani lapha nalaphaya ngisho nalapho ubheke okuthile ngaphandle komzamo noma ukuqaphela? Kukhona ingxenye encane, kodwa enamandla kakhulu, futhi ebaluleke kakhulu ngaphakathi kwekhanda lethu elawula konke lokhu. Yilokho esizokhuluma ngakho namuhla. Leso yisiqu sobuchopho . Uma sikhuluma ngokuqondile, lokhu kufana nebhuloho elixhumanisa ubuchopho bethu nomgogodla.

Iyini i-brainstem? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, i-brainstem yakho yilapho ubuchopho bakho buxhuma khona nomgogodla wakho. Ukuze kube sobala, itholakala phansi kobuchopho bakho, ngasemuva kwekhanda lakho. Cabanga ngayo njengesiqu, ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yembali, esixhumanisa imbali nomuthi. Yingakho ibizwa nangokuthi "i-brainstem."

Lokhu kuyingxenye yesimiso sakho sezinzwa esiyinhloko . Sinezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko, zonke ezisebenza ndawonye. Ingxenye ngayinye inomsebenzi othize. Yilezi ezikunika amandla okuzivumelanisa nendawo ekuzungezile, ukuhamba, nokwenza izinto. Okubaluleke kakhulu, lesi siqu esincane silawula izinto okungadingeki ngisho nokuthi uzicabange ngazo, izinto ezenzeka ngokwemvelo, njengokuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo, ezibalulekile empilweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusiza ngezinto ezifana nokulinganisela kwakho, ukuhlanganisa ukunyakaza komzimba, kanye nokusabela komzimba.

Yimiphi imisebenzi eyinhloko ye-brainstem? Kungani ibaluleke kangaka?

I-brainstem ifana nesikhungo semiyalezo somzimba wethu. Yiyo ethwala imiyalezo phakathi kobuchopho bakho nawo wonke umzimba wakho. Futhi, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ilawula izinto eziningi ezenzeka ngokwemvelo, ngaphandle kokuthi wena ucabange ngazo. Cabanga ukuthi bekuyoba nzima kangakanani ukube ubungacabanga ngalezi zinto?

Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibalulekile ezenzeka ngokwemvelo futhi ezilawulwa yi-brainstem:

• Ibhalansi: Kukusiza ukuthi ugweme ukuwa lapho uhamba, ugijima, noma umi endaweni eyodwa.
• Umfutho wegazi: Kusiza ukugcina umfutho wegazi womzimba usezingeni elijwayelekile.
• Ukuphefumula: Silawula ukuphefumula kwethu ngokungazi.
• Ukunyakaza kwamehlo: Kulawula indlela esibheka ngayo kanye nokunyakaza kwamehlo ethu.
• Ukunyakaza kobuso kanye nemizwa: Ukunyakaza kwemisipha yobuso lapho umomotheka futhi ukhuluma, kanye nokudluliselwa kwemizwa yobuso ebuchosheni.
• Ukuzwa: Kusisiza siqonde lokho esikuzwayo ngokukuthumela ebuchosheni.
• Izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo: Izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo lilawulwa njengoba kudingeka.
• Ukulala nokuvuka: Kulawula izinto ezifana nokusilalisa nokusivusa.
• Ukugwinya: Kulawula ukugwinya kokudla neziphuzo.
• Ukunambitha: Imizwa yokunambitha olimini iyiswa ebuchosheni.

Bona ukuthi le ngxenye encane ingenza umsebenzi ongakanani!

Ziyini izinzwa ze-brainstem reflexes? Zisebenza kanjani?

Cishe uke wezwa igama elithi "reflexes. " I-Brainstem reflexes yizimpendulo zomzimba wakho ezisheshayo, ezingazi lutho ezishintsheni endaweni okuyo. Zenzeka ngaphandle kokuthi ucabange ngazo, ngoba i-brainstem yakho ikunikeza imiyalo ngokuzenzakalelayo emzimbeni wakho. Zikusiza ukuthi uzivikele futhi usinde.

Nazi ezinye zezindlela ezinjalo zokuzindla:

• Ukusabela kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Yilokhu okulawula izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kanye nomfutho wegazi.
• I-Gag reflex: Lokhu kuvikela indlela yakho yokuphefumula. Cabanga ngakho, yilokhu okubangela ukukhwehlela uma ukudla kubhajwa emphinjeni wakho .
• Ukugwinya i-reflex: Yilokhu okuhambisa ukudla nokuphuza kusuka emlonyeni kuya esiswini.
• Ukukhanya kwe-pupillary: Ingxenye emnyama yeso lakho (umfundi) iyancipha ekukhanyeni okukhulu futhi ikhule ekukhanyeni okufiphele, akunjalo? Ilawulwa yilokhu kukhanya.
• Ukugcina amehlo akho engaguquguquki lapho ikhanda lakho linyakaza (i-Vestibulo-ocular reflex): Lokhu kukusiza ukuthi ugcine amehlo akho engaguquguquki ngaphandle kokufiphala, ngisho nalapho unyakazisa ikhanda lakho.
• Ukusabela kokuphefumula: Lokhu kulawula izinto ezifana nokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela, kanye nokuthimula.

Ikuphi i-brainstem? Ziyini izingxenye zayo?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, i-brainstem itholakala phansi kobuchopho bakho, ngasemuva kwekhanda lakho. Yilapho ubuchopho bakho buxhumana khona nomgogodla wakho.

I-brainstem yakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko:

1. Ubuchopho Obuphakathi: Lena yingxenye ephezulu yesiqu sobuchopho. Isiza kakhulu ezintweni ezifana nokuhambisa amehlo nokuqonda lokho esikubonayo nesikuzwayo.

2. Ama-Pons: Lokhu kutholakala phakathi kwesiqu sobuchopho. Le ngxenye ihlanganisa ukunyakaza kobuso namehlo, imizwa yobuso, ukuzwa, kanye nokulinganisela.

3. I-Medulla oblongata: Lena yingxenye ye-brainstem elawula imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yokuphila, njengokuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi, kanye nokugwinya.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zingxenye, i-`Reticular Activating System (RAS)` esiqwini sobuchophoKukhona futhi inethiwekhi ebaluleke kakhulu yamaseli ezinzwa abizwa ngokuthi ``ama-Neuron``, akhiwe ngamaseli ezinzwa athwala izimpawu zikagesi namakhemikhali ebuchosheni bethu. Kanye nenye ingxenye yobuchopho bakho ebizwa ngokuthi ``i-Thalamus`` yakho, le ``i-RAS`` yiyona esigcina siphapheme (siqaphile), isenza siqaphele indawo esizungezile, futhi ilawula imijikelezo yethu yokulala nokuvuka.

Ingabe kufanele sifunde nangemizwa ye-cranial exhunywe ne-brainstem?

Uke wezwa nge-'Cranial Nevers'? Lezi yizinzwa eziqala ngqo ebuchosheni. Kunezinzwa ezingu-12 zomzimba wethu. Ezingu-10 zalezi zinzwa (okungukuthi kusukela kowesithathu kuya koweshumi nambili) zitholakala esiqwini sobuchopho. Lezi zinzwa zisiza ngokunyakaza komzimba wethu, imizwa (imizwa), ukunambitha, ukuzwa, njll.

I-brainstem ibukeka kanjani?

Isiqu sobuchopho sibukeka njengesiqu sembali noma isiqu sesitshalo. Siyisakhiwo esimise okweshubhu. Sakhiwe ngezicubu zemizwa. Ngokuvamile siphakathi kwamasentimitha angu-2 kuya kwangu-3 (amasentimitha angu-5 kuya kwangu-7) ubude.

Yiziphi izifo ezithinta i-brainstem?

Ngeshwa, izingozi nezifo ezahlukahlukene kungalimaza i-brainstem. Ezinye zalezi zimo zifaka:

• Amahlule egazi
• Izimila zobuchopho
• Ukutheleleka/ukuvuvukala kobuchopho `(i-Encephalitis)`
• Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo
• Isifo sohlangothi
• Ukuma kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe
• Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu (TBI)

Ziyini izimpawu zenkinga ye-brainstem?

Ngenxa yokuthi kunezinkinga eziningi ezingathinta i-brainstem, izimpawu zingahluka. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, ukuphazamiseka kwe-brainstem kungahlanganisa lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi noma ukuzizwa unesizungu .
• Ukungakwazi ukuvala umlomo noma ukukhwehlela ngisho noma kukhona okubambeke emphinjeni.
• Ukungalali noma izinguquko ezindleleni zokulala ezivamile.
• Ukucanuzela noma ukuhlanza .
• Inkulumo engaqondakali .
• Izinkinga zokunyakaza kwamehlo .
• Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi (isib., ukuba ndikindiki kolunye uhlangothi lobuso noma lomzimba, ukudideka, ubunzima bokukhuluma, ukushintsha kokubona).
• Ubunzima obungazelelwe bokugwinya, ukuphuza noma ukudla.
• Izinkinga ngokusebenza kwesimiso sezinzwa esizimele .
• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo .

Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enesinye salezi zimpawu noma ngaphezulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Kwenzekani uma i-brainstem yonakele?

Uma i-brainstem yonakele nganoma iyiphi indlela, kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Ngoba sibonile ukuthi zingaki izinto ezibalulekile ezilawulwa yile ngxenye encane. Uma yonakele, izinto ezinjengalezi zingenzeka:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ukungakwazi ukugwinya, ukukhwehlela, noma ukusabela emuzweni wokuminyana.
• Isiyezi noma umuzwa wokujikeleza (i-Vertigo).
• Ukuzizwa ungalingani.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo.
• Ubunzima bokulala.
• Izinguquko engqondweni.
• Umbono ophindwe kabili ukubona izinto ngokuphindwe kabili.
• Ubuthakathaka kanye nezinguquko emizweni emzimbeni.
• Ukukhubazeka kokuzwa.
• Izinkinga ngokuhlanganiswa kokunyakaza komzimba nokuhamba.

Ukulimala kwe-brainstem kuyinto ephuthumayo. Isibonelo, uma i-brainstem yonakele, njengasengozini enkulu yemoto, kungabangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-brainstem. Kwezinye izimo ezimbi kakhulu, inhliziyo ingayeka, umzimba ungakhubazeka, futhi ngisho nokuquleka kungavela.

Izimo eziningi ezihilela i-brainstem zingaba yingozi empilweni. Ukusekelwa kokuphila kungadingeka. Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona ngisho nokusola okuncane kakhulu ngomonakalo we-brainstem, kubaluleke kakhulu ukushayela izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Kuyini Ukufa Kwe-Brainstem?

Ukufa kwe-Brainstem kuwukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele kokusebenza kwe-brainstem. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-brainstem yonakele unomphela, noma lapho igazi noma umoya-mpilo odluliselwa ebuchosheni unqanyulwa.

Isiqu sobuchopho silawula imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yokuphila. Ngakho-ke, uma isiqu sobuchopho sifa, ukuqonda akukwazi ukubuyiselwa. Ukusekelwa kokuphila okwenziwa kuyadingeka ukuze kuphile. Lesi simo sibizwa nangokuthi ukufa kobuchopho .

Ungakwazi yini ukululama ekulimaleni kwe-brainstem?

Ngenxa yokuthi i-brainstem ilawula imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile yomzimba wethu, ukulimala kwayo kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, abantu bayalulama kwezinye izifo ze-brainstem.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu uma ucabanga ukuthi unokulimala kwe-brainstem. Uma uthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha, odokotela banganciphisa ubukhulu bomonakalo. Ngemva kokulimala kwe-brainstem, ungadinga ukulungiswa kanye nokunakekelwa okukhethekile.

Ngingahlola kanjani impilo ye-brainstem yami?

Odokotela basebenzisa izivivinyo ezahlukene ukuze babone ukuthi kukhona yini inkinga nge-brainstem yakho.

• Isikeni se-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging):Lokhu kuzwela kakhulu kune-"CT (Computed Tomography)" ukuze kutholakale izinkinga esiqwini sobuchopho.
• `I-Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials (BAEPs):` Lokhu kunganikeza nolwazi mayelana nomsebenzi we-brainstem.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-brainstem ilawula imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile kanye nokusabela. Ngakho-ke, lapho udokotela ekuxilonga, bangenza okulandelayo:

• Ukulalela ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kanye nephethini yokuphefumula.
• Khanyisa amehlo akho bese ubona ukuthi usayizi wendandatho emnyama uyashintsha yini.
• Ukukucela ukuthi ushukumise ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Manje cishe usuyaqonda ukuthi le ngxenye encane yobuchopho bethu ebizwa ngokuthi i-brainstem , etholakala phansi kobuchopho bethu, ilawula izinto eziningi ezibalulekile esingazicabangi nhlobo, kodwa ezibalulekile empilweni yethu, njengokuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo.

Lokhu kungaba nomthelela omkhulu kwabanye abantu. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukulimala kwe-brainstem kungelashwa. Isihluthulelo ukuthola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Uhambo oluya ekululameni ekulimaleni okunje lungaba lude. Ngakho-ke yiba nesineke nawe. Thola ukwesekwa emndenini wakho, kubangani, nakodokotela. Bakhona ukukusiza.

I- Brainstem, I-Brainstem, Uhlelo lwezinzwa, Umsebenzi wobuchopho, Imisebenzi ezenzakalelayo, Ukuzindla, Izinkinga zobuchopho