Ake sifunde kabanzi nge-epidermis, ungqimba oluphezulu lwesikhumba sakho.

Sawubona! Unjani? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngento ebaluleke kakhulu ngesikhumba sethu. Sonke sinesikhumba. Lesi sikhumba empeleni siyisitho esikhulu kunazo zonke emzimbeni wethu. Ubuwazi ukuthi kunezingqimba ezintathu eziyinhloko zalesi sikhumba? Ingqimba ephezulu kakhulu, leyo esiyibonayo nesiyizwayo lapho siyithinta, ibizwa ngokuthi 'i-epidermis' . Namuhla sizokhuluma ngeqhawe lesikhumba sethu, i-epidermis.

Iyini i-epidermis? Kalula nje...

Kulungile, ake siqale sibheke ukuthi iyini le epidermis. Kuthiwa isikhumba sakho sinezingqimba ezintathu eziyinhloko. Yi -epidermis (ungqimba oluphezulu) , i-dermis (ungqimba oluphakathi) , kanye ne-hypodermis (ungqimba olungezansi) . Kulezi, i-epidermis yingqimba encane kunazo zonke , kodwa yiyo eyenza umsebenzi oyinhloko wokusivikela ezweni langaphandle. Akumangalisi yini? Ngaphakathi kwale ngqimba encane kunezinye izingqimba ezinhlanu ezincane!

Yiziphi lezo zingqimba ezinhlanu ezincane ku-epidermis?

Manje ake sibheke izingqimba ezinhlanu ezincane ngaphakathi kwesikhumba. Lezi zihlelwe ngokulandelana kusukela phansi kuya phezulu:

1. I-Stratum basale (ebuye ibizwe ngokuthi i-stratum germinativum):

• Lolu ungqimba olujulile kakhulu, ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Lufana nesisekelo sesakhiwo.
• Kukhiwa amangqamuzana esikhumba amasha kulolu ngqimba.
• Nazi amaseli okuqala abizwa ngokuthi 'amaKeratinocytes' . Lawa yiwo enza iphrotheni ethi 'iKeratin' . I-Keratin yiyona esiza ekwakheni izinwele zethu, izinzipho, kanye nongqimba lwangaphandle lwesikhumba sethu, futhi isivikele ezicini ezinzima zemvelo.
• Futhi, kukhona amaseli abizwa ngokuthi 'ama-melanocyte' kulolu ngqimba. Yiwo enza 'i-melanin' . I-Melanin iyi-pigment enikeza isikhumba sethu umbala waso.

2. I -Stratum spinosum:

• Lolu ngqimba lutholakala phakathi kwe-stratum basale okukhulunywe ngayo ngaphambili kanye ne-stratum granulosum elandelayo.
• Yakhiwa kakhulu ngamaseli e-keratinocyte. Lawa maseli abanjwe ndawonye ngamaprotheni anamathelayo abizwa ngokuthi ama-desmosomes .
• Lolu ngqimba lwe-stratum spinosum yilona olwenza isikhumba sakho siguquguquke futhi siqine .

3. I-Stratum granulosum `(I-Stratum granulosum)`:

• Lokhu kuphakathi kwe-stratum spinosum kanye ne-stratum lucidum.
• Ngaphakathi kwamaseli e-keratinocyte kukhona ama-granule amancane . Lawa angabonakala ngaphansi kwe-microscope.

4. I -Stratum lucidum:

• Lolu ungqimba oluncane kakhulu, olubonakalayo phakathi kwe-stratum granulosum kanye ne-stratum corneum.
• Lapha, amaseli e-keratinocyte alahlekelwa kancane kancane isimo sawo esiyindilinga futhi abe yizicaba . Lolu ngqimba lubonakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezinesikhumba esijiyile, njengezintende zezandla zethu kanye nezinyawo zethu.

5. I -Stratum corneum:

• Lena ungqimba oluphezulu lwe-epidermis. Uyabona, lena ungqimba oluthintayo.
• Lapha, lawo maseli e-keratinocyte aba 'ama-corneocytes' . Ama-corneocyte afile, kodwa amaseli e-keratinocyte aqinile kakhulu .
• Yilokhu okusivikela ezintweni ezifana nokuklwebheka, ukukhanya kwelanga, ukushisa, kanye namagciwane.
• Futhi, lolu ngqimba luqukethe amafutha. Alawula ukuthi amanzi angena kalula futhi aphele kanjani emizimbeni yethu.
• Njengoba ama-keratinocyte amasha akheka ongqimbeni olungezansi (stratum basale), la ma-corneocyte ayawa kancane kancane. Njengoba nje amaqabunga amadala ewa futhi amasha ekhula. Lena inqubo eqhubekayo.

Cabanga ngale ndlela, i-epidermis ifana nophahla lwendlu yethu. Njengoba nje isivikela elangeni nasemvuleni, i-epidermis isivikela nasezweni langaphandle.

Uyazi ukuthi lisho ukuthini igama elithi "epidermis"?

Lokhu kuhle futhi ukwazi. Igama elithi "epidermis" lakhiwe ngamagama amabili esiGreki asendulo. elithi 'epi' lisho "ngaphezulu" noma "ngaphandle". elithi 'derma' lisho "isikhumba". Ngakho-ke, elithi "epidermis" lisho "ubuso" noma "isikhumba sangaphandle" .

Ngakho-ke umehluko phakathi kwe-epidermis ne-dermis uyini?

Ungase ukhumbule ukuthi i-epidermis iyingqimba ephezulu. I-dermis iyingqimba engaphansi, phakathi nendawo. Cabanga ngayo njengesandwich. Uma i-epidermis iyisiqeshana sesinkwa esiphezulu, i-dermis iyisigcwalisi esimnandi phakathi nendawo.

• Ubukhulu: Nakuba i-epidermis iwungqimba oluncane kakhulu lwesikhumba, i-dermis iwungqimba olukhulu kakhulu lwesikhumba.
• Okungaphakathi: I-dermis iqukethe amaprotheni abizwa ngokuthi 'i-Collagen' kanye ne-'Elastin' . Yilezi ezenza i-dermis ibe nkulu futhi zinikeze isikhumba ukuguquguquka okuhle. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ekugcineni isikhumba sethu sibukeka sisesisha ngaphandle kokugoba.
• Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa izicubu zakho ezixhumeneyo, iziphetho zemizwa, izindlala zokujuluka, izindlala ze-sebaceous, kanye nezinwele zonke zise-dermis, futhi ngisho nangaphansi kwalokho, ku-hypodermis.

Yini eyenziwa yi-epidermis emizimbeni yethu? Iyini ukubaluleka kwayo?

Zonke izendlalelo zesikhumba sethu zisebenza ndawonye ukuvikela uhlaka lwethu lwamathambo, izitho zomzimba, imisipha, kanye nezicubu ezingaphakathi kwemizimba yethu. Isikhumba sinomsebenzi okhethekile futhi:

• Ukumanzisa: Ungqimba oluphezulu lwe-epidermis (stratum corneum) lusiza ukugcina amanzi , lugcine isikhumba sakho simanzi futhi sinempilo, luvimbele ukuthi some .
• Ukwakheka kwamaseli esikhumba amasha:Kukhiqizwa amangqamuzana esikhumba amasha engxenyeni engezansi ye-epidermis (stratum basale). Njengoba lawa maseli eguga, akhuphuka kancane kancane ezingqimbeni. Ngemva kwenyanga cishe , afinyelela engxenyeni ephezulu bese ephuma. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amangqamuzana amasha ayaqhubeka nokukhiqizwa ngaphansi. Kufana nefektri ezivuselela njalo .
• Isivikelo: Isikhumba sisebenza njengesivikelo . Sisivikela emisebeni yelanga eyingozi ye-ultraviolet (UV), izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane (amagciwane, amagciwane, isikhunta, amagciwane, njll.), kanye namakhemikhali ayingozi.
• Umbala wesikhumba: I-epidermis iqukethe uhlobo lweseli olubizwa ngokuthi 'ama-melanocytes'. Lawa maseli akhiqiza umbala obizwa ngokuthi 'i-melanin'. Umbala wesikhumba sakho unqunywa inani le-melanin.

I-epidermis isiza kanjani ezinye izitho zomzimba?

Kalula nje, i-epidermis, kanye nezinye izendlalelo zesikhumba, isebenza njengesivikelo sokuqala esivikela izitho ezithambile, amathambo, imisipha, nezicubu ezingaphakathi emizimbeni yethu ezingozini, ekulimaleni, kanye nasezifweni ezivela ezweni langaphandle.

Ikuphi i-epidermis?

Lokhu akufanele kukumangaze, akunjalo? I-epidermis iwungqimba oluphezulu lwesikhumba esilubonayo nesiluzwayo lapho sibheka umuntu noma simthinta.

Umbala wesikhumba sesikhumba wakhiwe kanjani?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, umbala wemvelo obizwa ngokuthi i-melanin, okhiqizwa ama-melanocyte, unquma umbala wesikhumba sethu. Lawa ma-melanocyte akhiqiza izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-melanin:

• I-Eumelanin: Lolu hlobo lwe-melanin lubangela kakhulu imibala emnyama ezinweleni zakho, esikhumbeni, nasemehlweni . Uma umuntu enesikhumba esinsundu nezinwele ezimnyama, kungenxa yokuthi une-eumelanin eningi.
• I-Pheomelanin: Lolu hlobo lwe-melanin yilona olunikeza isikhumba sakho imibala yaso epinki noma ebomvu . Isibonelo, yilona olubangela izindebe, izingono, isitho sangasese sowesifazane kanye nobuso bepenis, futhi yilona olubangela abanye abantu ukuba babe nezinwele ezibomvu.

Wonke umuntu unalezi zinhlobo ezimbili ze-melanin esikhumbeni sakhe ngezilinganiso ezahlukene. Yisilinganiso esinquma umbala wesikhumba somuntu ngamunye.

I-epidermis ijiyile kangakanani?

Ubukhulu be-epidermis buyahlukahluka kuye ngendawo emzimbeni wakho. Isibonelo, i-epidermis ikhulu ezindaweni ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, njengezithende zezinyawo zakho kanye nengemuva lezandla zakho , lapho uhlangabezana khona nezinto eziningi ezimangazayo. Ubukhulu kulezi zindawo bungaba cishe amamilimitha ayi-1.5. Lokho kucishe kube ubukhulu bamakhadi amabili esikweletu abekwe phezu komunye nomunye .

Kodwa ezindaweni ezibucayi njengezinkophe zakho, i-epidermis incane kakhulu. Ingamamilimitha angu-0.05 kuphela ubukhulu. Lokho kusho ukuthi ifanaKucishe kube ukujiya kwephepha elivamile lokukopisha! Kuyamangalisa, akunjalo?

Yiziphi izinhlobo zamaseli eziyinhloko ku-epidermis?

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zamaseli ngaphakathi kwe-epidermis. Izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamaseli yilezi:

1. Ama-Keratinocyte: Lawa maseli akhiqiza i-protein keratin, okuyingxenye eyinhloko ye-epidermis. Ama-Keratinocyte angamaseli amaningi kakhulu ku-epidermis.

2. Ama-Melanocyte: Njengoba sesixoxile ngaphambili, la maseli akhiqiza i-pigment melanin enikeza isikhumba sakho umbala waso .

3. Amaseli e-Langerhans: Lawa maseli afana nabaqaphi be-epidermis . Asiza ekuvimbeleni izinto ezingafuneki, njengamagciwane, ukuthi zingangeni esikhumbeni. Ayingxenye yesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.

Yiziphi izifo ezivame ukuhlasela i-epidermis?

Isikhumba sethu singathinteka futhi yizifo nezimo ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye zazo yilezi:

• I-acne: Inkinga ethinta abantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sobusha babo.
• Amathumba: Amathumba abangelwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane okungaba buhlungu ngezinye izikhathi.
• I-Dandruff: Isimo lapho i-epidermis yesikhumba sekhanda ihlubuka khona.
• I-Eczema: Isimo lapho isikhumba siba somile, silume, futhi sibe bomvu.
• I-Melanoma: Uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba. Lokhu kungaba yisimo esiyingozi esiqala kumaseli e-melanocyte.

Yiziphi izimpawu zenkinga nge-epidermis?

Uma kunenkinga nge-epidermis yakho, ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuvela kwamabala amnyama amasha esikhumbeni, noma izinguquko esimweni, umbala, noma usayizi wamabala akhona.
• Isikhumba siba some kakhulu futhi sibe namaqhubu.
• Isikhumba siyaxebuka, kuzwakala sengathi ungqimba oluphezulu lwesikhumba luyaphuma.
• Ukuxebuka kwesikhumba nokuqhekeka.

Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, kungcono ukubona udokotela bese ucela iseluleko.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuhlola impilo yesikhumba?

Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokuhlolisisa isikhumba sakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, angenza nezivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba okubangelwa ukungezwani komzimba: Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ekunqumeni ukuthi isimo sesikhumba sakho sibangelwa ukungezwani komzimba.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ezinye izifo, ukungezwani komzimba, kanye nokutheleleka kungatholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi.
• I-biopsy yesikhumba: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane kakhulu yesikhumba endaweni enenkinga bese uyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi kukhona yini izifo, izifo, noma umdlavuza.

Uma usola ukuthi unesifo esifana ne-melanoma, ungase wenze nezinye izivivinyo zesithombe ukuze ubone ukuthi sesisabalele yini kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zezifo ze-epidermis?

Ukwelashwa kuyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo esithinta i-epidermis. Nazi ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha ezivame kakhulu:

• Ama-antibiotic: Lawa anikezwa njengemithi yomlomo noma amafutha okwelapha izifo ezibangelwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane njenge-acne, amathumba, isikhumba esomile, kanye nokuqubuka.
• Imithi yokulwa nesikhunta: Le inikezwa njengokhilimu, amafutha okugcoba, amajeli, izifutho, impuphu, noma njengemithi yomlomo yokutheleleka kwesikhumba okubangelwa yisikhunta.
• Ama-Corticosteroids: Lawa asiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala, ukubomvu, ukulunywa, kanye nokulimala kwezicubu esikhumbeni. Anganikezwa njengokhilimu, amaphilisi, noma imijovo.
• Ama-retinoids (ama-derivatives e-vitamin A): Le mithi, eyenziwe nge-vitamin A, inciphisa induna, ivimbele izikhala ukuthi zingavaleki, futhi isize isikhumba ukuthi sizivuselele.

Lezi zindlela zokwelapha kufanele zisetshenziswe njalo ngokweseluleko sezokwelapha.

Yiziphi ezinye izinto ezilula esingazenza ukuze sigcine isikhumba sethu siphilile?

Kunezinto eziningi ezilula esingazenza ekhaya ukuze sigcine isikhumba sethu siphilile, okungukuthi, sonke isikhumba sethu. Bheka lezi:

• Yakha inqubo yokunakekela isikhumba ekufanele. Thola iseluleko kudokotela noma kuchwepheshe wesikhumba bese unakekela isikhumba sakho ngokufanele.
• Uma ugeza noma ugeza , sebenzisa insipho ethambile, engagugi. Uma womisa isikhumba sakho, sibambe ngommese, kunokuba usihlikihle kakhulu.
• Uma nje isikhumba sakho somile, sisenomswakama, faka ukhilimu omuhle wokuthambisa noma amafutha. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugcina isikhumba sakho sinomswakama. Ungasiphinda usifake kabili noma kathathu ngosuku, ikakhulukazi uma isikhumba sakho sizizwa somile.
• Gwema ukugeza ngamanzi ashisayo kakhulu, kodwa sebenzisa amanzi afudumele. Amanzi ashisayo angasusa amafutha emvelo esikhumbeni bese esomisa.
• Phuza okungenani izingilazi zamanzi ezingu-8 ngosuku. Amanzi angumngani omkhulu wesikhumba sakho. Agcina isikhumba sakho simanzi futhi sinomswakama ngaphakathi.
• Yidla ukudla okucebile ngama-antioxidants. Faka izithelo (ikakhulukazi amajikijolo), imifino (imifino eluhlaza okotshani), amantongomane (ama-alimondi, ama-walnuts), kanye nezinhlanzi ezicebile ngama-omega-3 fatty acid (i-salmon, i-mackerel) ekudleni kwakho.
• Nciphisa ukuchayeka ezindaweni ezizungezile ngokushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama.
• Gwema izinto owaziwa ukuthi une-allergy kuzo, amakhemikhali aziwa ukuthi ayingozi esikhumbeni (izinto ezicasulayo), kanye nama-perfume.
• Sebenzisa njalo isivikelo selanga esine-SPF okungenani engu-30 noma ngaphezulu noma nini lapho uphuma elangeni. Ngisho noma kungabukeki kukhanya, imisebe ye-UV isengangena emafwini.
• Uma isikhumba sakho siluma noma sibuhlungu, ungasikhiphi noma usiklwebhe. Ukwenza kanjalo kungalimaza isikhumba futhi kwandise ingozi yokutheleleka.

Ngakho-ke, yini into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka siyikhumbule kukho konke lokhu?

Nokho, sesikhulume kakhulu nge-epidermis. Kalula nje, i-epidermis iwungqimba oluphezulu lomzimba wethu, umugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela esikhumbeni sethu. Isivikela ezingozini zomhlaba wangaphandle, igcina isikhumba sethu simanzi, ikhiqiza njalo amangqamuzana esikhumba amasha, futhi inikeza isikhumba sethu umbala omuhle.

Ngakho-ke, kungumthwalo wethu ukugcina isikhumba sethu esiyigugu, okungukuthi, sonke isikhumba, siphilile futhi sihle. Singagcina isikhumba sethu siphilile futhi sijabule ngokwenza izinto ezincane njengokuphuza amanzi amaningi, ukudla ukudla okunomsoco, ukufaka umuthi wokuvikela ilanga lapho siphuma elangeni, nokugcina isikhumba sethu sihlanzekile. Phatha isikhumba sakho ngothando!

I- Epidermis, izendlalelo zesikhumba, impilo yesikhumba, ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba, i-keratin, i-melanin, izifo zesikhumba