Ake sixoxe ngokuningiliziwe ngemfihlo ejulile yesikhumba sakho: I-Hypodermis (Izicubu Ezingaphansi Kwesikhumba)!

Sawubona! Unjani? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngento ebaluleke kakhulu ngesikhumba sethu. Ubuwazi ukuthi isikhumba sakho asiyona nje ingqimba yangaphandle oyibonayo, kodwa kunezinye ingqimba ngaphakathi kwayo? Namuhla sikhuluma ngengqimba engaphansi kwalezo zingqimba, okungukuthi, ingqimba engaphakathi komzimba. Odokotela bayibiza ngokuthi i-hypodermis . Abanye bayibiza nangokuthi izicubu ezingaphansi komzimba . Ngakho-ke, ake sibone ukuthi hlobo luni lwenkonzo olunikezwa yi-hypodermis emizimbeni yethu?

Iyini ngempela i-hypodermis? Yiziphi izingqimba zesikhumba sethu?

Kalula nje, cabanga ngesikhumba sakho njengendlu enezitezi ezintathu.

• I-Epidermis: Lena ungqimba oluphezulu. Yilokhu esikubonayo nesikuthintayo. Lena ungqimba olusivikela kuqala ezintweni ezithintana nendawo ezungezile.
• I-Dermis: Lena ungqimba oluphakathi, ngaphansi kwe-epidermis. Iqukethe izinto eziningi, njengemithambo yegazi, iziphetho zemizwa, kanye nezindlala zokujuluka.
• I-Hypodermis: Nokho, le esikhuluma ngayo namuhla ingaphansi kwalezi zingqimba ezimbili, ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Lena yingqimba ejulile nengaphakathi kwesikhumba.

Manje uyaqonda ukuthi ikuphi i-hypodermis? Kulungile, ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinsizakalo lolu ngqimba oluphansi kakhulu oluzinikezayo emzimbeni wethu.

Yimiphi imisebenzi eyenziwa yi-hypodermis emzimbeni wethu?

Kunezinsizakalo eziningi ezinikezwa yi-hypodermis emizimbeni yethu. Ake sibheke eziyinhloko.

• Ukuxhumana: Cabanga ngakho, isikhumba sakho akuyona nje into ebekwa phezu komzimba wakho. Kufanele sixhunywe emisipheni nasemathanjeni emzimbeni wakho. Lokho kuxhumana kwenziwa yi-hypodermis, ebamba ungqimba oluphakathi lwesikhumba sakho (i-dermis) emisipheni nasemathanjeni.

• Ukuvikela: Njengoba nje sizisonga ngengubo ukuze sizivikele emakhazeni, i-hypodermis isebenza njengesivikelo semvelo semizimba yethu. Okusho ukuthi, inciphisa ukulahleka kokushisa komzimba futhi isivikele emakhazeni. Yingakho kusiza ukugcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba wethu lisezingeni elifanayo.

• Ukuvikela umzimba wakho: Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Cabanga uma uwela endaweni ethile noma ushaya okuthile, ukushaqeka okwenzekayo bese kusebenza 'njengomshayisi wokushaqeka' okumunca ngaphandle kokuya ngqo ezithweni, emisipheni, nasemathanjeni angaphakathi. Futhi, kuvimbela izicubu ezingaphansi kwesikhumba sethu ukuthi zingagudlani futhi zibangele ukulimala. Le hypodermis yiyona esiza izinto ezingaphansi kwesikhumba ukuthi zihambe kahle futhi kahle.

• Ukugcina amandla: Imizimba yethu idinga amandla ukuze isebenze. I-hypodermis yilapho lawo mandla egcinwa khona. Iqukethe uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli olubizwa ngokuthi ama-adipocytes.Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-fat cell. Lawa ma-fat cell agcina amandla engeziwe njengamafutha futhi awakhiphela kithi uma siwadinga.

Bheka ukuthi leli dekhi elincane lingenza umsebenzi ongakanani!

Yini equkethwe ungqimba lwe-hypodermis?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi yini engaphakathi kwalolu ngqimba olubizwa ngokuthi i-hypodermis. Lwakhiwe ngezinto eziningi ezahlukene.

• Izicubu zamafutha: Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, i-hypodermis yakhiwe kakhulu yizicubu zamafutha. Lokhu kwakhiwe kakhulu ngamaseli amafutha abizwa ngokuthi ama-adipocytes . Lena yingxenye eyinhloko enikeza ukushisa futhi igcine amandla emzimbeni.

• Imithambo yegazi: Lena imithambo yegazi. Lena imithambo yegazi, ama-capillary, kanye nemithambo yegazi edlula kwi-hypodermis. Lokhu yikho okuhambisa igazi emzimbeni wonke, okunikeza umoya-mpilo kanye nezakhamzimba ezithweni ezibalulekile, futhi kususa imfucuza emaseli.

• IBursa: Leli igama elingajwayelekile, akunjalo? I-bursa yisikhwama esincane, esishelelayo esigcwele uketshezi lwamanzi. Lokhu kuvame ukutholakala lapho amathambo, imisipha, nemisipha kuthintana khona. Zisebenza njengomcamelo, zivimbela izingxenye ukuthi zingathintani futhi zibangele ukulimala nokuguguleka. Uma kune-bursa engaphezu kweyodwa, zibizwa ngokuthi i-bursae .

• Izicubu ezixhumeneyo: Lokhu futhi kuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Lezi zicubu ezixhumeneyo zakhiwe kakhulu ngezinhlobo ezimbili zamaprotheni abizwa ngokuthi i-collagen ne -elastin . Lezi yizo ezixhumanisa izakhiwo ezahlukene emzimbeni, zizisekele, futhi zibambe ezinye izingxenye ze-hypodermis ndawonye. Njengezindonga zendlu.

• Ama-Fibroblast: Lawa uhlobo oluyinhloko lwamaseli atholakala ezicutshini ezixhumeneyo. Lawa maseli e-fibroblast akhiqiza iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-collagen. I-Collagen ibaluleke kakhulu ekuqineni nasekuqineni kwesikhumba.

• Imithambo ye-lymphatic: Lezi zifana nohlelo lwamapayipi asusa imfucuza emizimbeni yethu. Lolu luhlelo lwemithambo emikhulu kancane, efana nemithambo emincane (ama-capillary). Aqoqa i-lymph , uketshezi oluqukethe imfucuza kanye nobuthi obuqongelela ezicutshini, buyihlunge, buyihlanze, bese buyibuyisela ohlelweni lwegazi.

• Ama-Macrophage: Lawa afana nonogada bomzimba. Aluhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi. Umsebenzi wawo ukubamba nokubhubhisa amagciwane, njengebhaktheriya namagciwane, angena emzimbeni.

• Imizwa:Imizwa iyisistimu yokuxhumana ngolwazi yomzimba wethu. Lemizwa ithwala ulwazi oluvela ebuchosheni iye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba kanye noluvela ezingxenyeni zomzimba luye ebuchosheni ngezibonakaliso zikagesi. Lolu hlelo lwemizwa yilona olusilawulayo ukuze siqonde imizwa (izinto esizizwayo, izinto esizibonayo) ezivela endaweni esizungezile futhi siphendule kuyo. Le mizwa isakazeka nakuyo yonke i-hypodermis.

Uyini umthwalo we-hypodermis? Ingabe kuyafana yonke indawo?

Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, kanye nezinye izendlalelo ezimbili zesikhumba (i-epidermis kanye ne-dermis), umthwalo wemfanelo oyinhloko walesi sikhumba esingaphansi komhlaba ukuvikela uhlelo lwethu lwamathambo, izitho zangaphakathi, imisipha, kanye nezinye izicubu ekulimaleni okuhlukahlukene.

Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu balesi sikhumba esithambile abufani yonke indawo emzimbeni wakho. Buyahlukahluka kuye ngezindawo. Futhi, indlela izicubu ezinamafutha eziqongelela ngayo iyahlukahluka kuye ngethonya lama -hormone kanye nezakhi zofuzo .

Isibonelo, uma umuntu ene -testosterone eningi kakhulu (i-hormone enkulu yabesilisa), i-hypodermis yakhe ingase ibe nkulu ezindaweni ezifana nesisu sakhe, izingalo, umhlane ongezansi, nasemahlombe.

Futhi, ungqimba lwamafutha oluse-hypodermis luyaqina ezindaweni ezinjengama-buttocks, ama-hips, nama-thighs kubantu abanamazinga aphezulu e-hormone i-estrogen (i-hormone enkulu yabesifazane).

Uyini umbala nosayizi we-hypodermis?

• Umbala: I-hypodermis ivame ukuba nombala ophuzi. Lokhu kungenxa yamangqamuzana amafutha aqukethwe kuyo. Futhi, lo mbala ophuzi ungahluka kusukela kophuzi okhanyayo kuya kophuzi omnyama kuye ngokuthi ingakanani i-pigment ebizwa ngokuthi i-carotene . I-Carotene yinto esiyidlayo ekudleni okufana nezaqathi namazambane amnandi.

• Usayizi/Ubukhulu: Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ubukhulu balokhu buyahlukahluka kuye ngendawo emzimbeni. Kunezindawo ezincane kakhulu. Isibonelo, i-hypodermis emazinyweni akho nasezindaweni ezizungezile izitho zakho zangasese zangaphandle ingaba ngaphansi kwemilimitha ubukhulu. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni ezifana nesisu sakho nezinqe, ingaba nkulu kune-3 cm (ngaphezu kancane kwe-intshi).

Yiziphi izifo nezimo ezivamile ezithinta i-hypodermis?

Njenganoma yisiphi esinye isitho somzimba, kunezifo nezimo ezahlukahlukene ezingathinta i-hypodermis. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Izilonda zombhede/Izilonda zokucindezeleka: Uma uhlala endaweni efanayo isikhathi eside, ukugeleza kwegazi esikhumbeni nasezicutshini ezingaphansi kwehla ezindaweni lapho kusetshenziswa khona isisindo somzimba, okubangela izilonda. Uma lezi ziba zijulile, zingathinta ne-hypodermis.
• I-Hypothermia: Lokhu ukwehla okuyingozi kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokuchayeka ezindaweni ezibandayo. Ungqimba lwamafutha oluse-hypodermis lusiza ukugcina umzimba ufudumele, ngakho-ke kulesi simo, leyo nqubo iyaphazamiseka.
• I-panniculitis:Lokhu ukuvuvukala kongqimba olunamafutha lwe-hypodermis. Lokhu kungabangela amaqhubu abuhlungu ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
• I-Sarcoidosis: Lesi yisifo lapho amangqamuzana amancane okuvuvukala (ama-granuloma) eqoqana khona ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba. Ngezinye izikhathi sithinta ne-hypodermis.
• Ukusha kwezinga lesithathu: Uma ukusha kuthinta zonke izingqimba ezintathu zesikhumba, okungukuthi, i-epidermis, i-dermis, kanye ne-hypodermis, kusuke kusha kwezinga lesithathu. Lokhu kubi kakhulu.
• Izimila: Zombili izimila ezingenabungozi nezimbi zingavela ku-hypodermis.

Enye into ebalulekile yilokho okwenzekayo njengoba siguga. Sonke siyaguga. Ngemuva kwalokho i-hypodermis yethu iqala ukuncipha. Lokho kusho ukuthi inani lamafutha nezicubu ezixhumeneyo kuyo liyancipha. Kwenzekani-ke? Njengoba izicubu ezixhumeneyo ezixhuma i-dermis nemisipha, izicubu, namathambo ziba buthaka, isikhumba siqala ukugoba nokushwabana. Ngezinye izikhathi isikhumba singase some.

Yiziphi izimpawu zenkinga ehlobene ne-hypodermis?

Uma kukhona isimo esithinta i-hypodermis, kungase kube nezimpawu eziningana ezivamile ezisikhombayo:

• Amabala amnyama esikhumbeni, noma izinguquko esimweni, umbala, noma usayizi wamabala noma amaqhubu akhona ngaphambilini.
• Ukwehla kokugeleza kwegazi endaweni yesikhumba (indawo ingase ibande futhi ishintshe umbala).
• Ukwakheka kwezilonda ezivulekile ezijule kakhulu kangangokuthi ngisho ne-hypodermis iyabonakala.
• Ukujuluka okunciphile njengokujwayelekile.
• Njengakwezinye izitsha, isikhumba singase sibe mhlophe noma sishiswe (simnyama), futhi kungase kungabi khona ubuhlungu endaweni (lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokulimala kwemizwa).

Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, kungcono ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuhlola impilo ye-hypodermis?

Udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kuqala. Uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho, abheke isikhumba sakho, futhi athole umbono oyisisekelo wokuthi ngabe kukhona yini inkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, angenza izivivinyo ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kungabona ukuba khona kwezinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba, izifo, noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
• I-Biopsy: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane yesikhumba (isampula) endaweni esolisayo bese uyihlola ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi kukhona yini izifo, izifo, noma amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Uma kusolwa ukuthi umdlavuza wesikhumba, njenge- melanoma , kungadingeka ukuthi wenze ezinye izivivinyo ezikhethekile ze-imaging , njenge -CT scan noma i-MRI scan, ukuze ubone ukuthi ususakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izifo ezihlobene ne-hypodermis?

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha izifo nezimo ezithinta i-hypodermis. Ukwelashwa kuncike esifweni.

• Ukususwa kwezicubu: Leli igama elingavamile. Kalula nje, inqubo yokususa izicubu ezifile, ezonakele esilondeni. Ukwehluleka ukwenza kanjalo kungalibazisa ukuphulukiswa futhi kuholele ekuthelelekeni. Lezi zicubu ezifile zisuswa kusetshenziswa amaza e-ultrasound , ama-laser , uketshezi olucindezelwe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlinzwa okuncane.

• Ama-dermal fillers: Lawa uhlobo lomjovo osetshenziselwa ukubuyisela ivolumu esikhumbeni esilahlekile njengoba siguga, lapho isikhumba siwohloka futhi kuvela imibimbi. Athinta ne-hypodermis ngezinga elithile. Isibonelo , i-hyaluronic acid ( isb. Juvederm®), i-polylactic acid (isb. Sculptra™), noma i-polyalkylimide (isb. Aquamid™) isetshenziselwa le njongo. Lokhu kungokwesikhashana futhi kudinga ukuphindwa ngemva kwesikhashana.

• Ukufakelwa kwesikhumba: Le nqubo isetshenziswa lapho isikhumba sonakele kakhulu ngenxa yokusha okukhulu, amanxeba amakhulu, noma izilonda ezingapholi futhi singakwazi ukuphola sodwa. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ungqimba oluncane lwesikhumba kwenye ingxenye yomzimba (ngokuvamile ithanga) bese ulunamathisela endaweni eyonakele.

• Izinto zokufaka esikhundleni sesikhumba: Ngezinye izikhathi, uma ungakwazi ukuthola isikhumba sakho, noma uma udinga isikhumba endaweni enkulu kakhulu, kusetshenziswa izinto zokufaka esikhundleni sesikhumba. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zalezi:
• I-Allograft: Amaseli noma izicubu ezithathwe komunye umuntu (ngokuvamile umnikeli oshonile).
• I-Xenograft: Amaseli noma izicubu ezithathwe esilwaneni (isb., ingulube).
• Isikhumba esenziwe ngendlela yokwenziwa: Isikhumba esenziwe elabhorethri ngama-molecule angewona awezinto eziphilayo kanye nama-polymer.

Lezi zisetshenziswa kubantu abanezilonda ezijulile, ukusha, kanye nezifo.

• Ukufudumala umzimba wakho: Lesi yisinyathelo sokuqala sokwelapha i-hypothermia . Kufanele usheshe uhambise umuntu endaweni efudumele, eyomile, ukhumule izingubo ezimanzi, bese umfaka ezingutsheni ezomile nezifudumele. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, udokotela wakho angakunika uketshezi olufudumele ngomugqa we -IV (intravenous) . Bangakunikeza nomoya-mpilo ofudumele ngemaski noma ngepayipi lokuphefumula.

Yini esingayenza ukuze sigcine i-hypodermis iphilile?

Kunezindlela ezimbalwa ezilula zokuphila esingazilandela ukuze sigcine lolu ngqimba olubalulekile lwesikhumba sethu luphilile.

• Phatha amanxeba ngendlela efanele: Uma uthola inxeba elincane, ungalishayi indiva. Ligeze kahle ngamanzi ahlanzekile nensipho. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka. Bese usebenzisa ibhola likakotini ukuzeFaka inani elincane le-petroleum jelly (isib. i-Vaseline™) noma amafutha okuvikela isikhumba (isib. i-Aquaphor™) enxebeni bese ulimboza ngebhandeji elihlanzekile. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugcina ukungcola namagciwane kungangeni.

• Gwema ukulimala kwelanga: Ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi elangeni akukuhle esikhumbeni sakho. Kungalimaza izingqimba zesikhumba sakho, kusheshise ukuguga, futhi kubangele nomdlavuza wesikhumba. Ngakho-ke, uma uphuma, sebenzisa isithako selanga okungenani esine -SPF (Sun Protection Factor) 30. Futhi, kuwumqondo omuhle ukugqoka isigqoko nezingubo ezinemikhono emide. Ungakhohlwa ukuphinda usebenzise isithako selanga njalo emahoreni ambalwa.

• Thatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela ekushisweni: Kukhona ingozi enkulu yokusha lapho usebenza endlini noma ekhishini.
• Gcina izinga lokushisa le-heater yakho yamanzi yasekhaya lingaphansi kuka-48-49 Celsius (120 Fahrenheit).
• Uma upheka, sebenzisa izitofu ezingemuva kwesitofu ngangokunokwenzeka (ikakhulukazi uma kunezingane ezincane endlini).
• Ungabasi isitofu bese wenza eminye imisebenzi ngaphandle kokunaka.
• Gcina amakhemikhali, izibani zokukhanyisa, kanye nomentshisi kude nezingane ezincane.

• Gcina umzimba wakho ufudumele: Lokhu kubalulekile ukuvimbela isimo esiyingozi esibizwa ngokuthi i-hypothermia .
• Gqoka izingubo ezifudumele uma kubanda.
• Zama ukugcina izinga lokushisa ekhaya lingaphansi kwama-20 Celsius (68 Fahrenheit).
• Uma uzizwa ubanda, ungahlali endaweni eyodwa, hambahamba kancane, futhi ugcine umzimba wakho usebenza.
• Uma uchitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphandle ngesikhathi samakhaza, ngena endlini njalo ukuze ufudumale kancane.

Uma unakekela lezi zinto ezilula, ngeke ugcine i-hypodermis yakho kuphela, kodwa nesikhumba sakho sonke siphilile.

Okokugcina, okufanele ukukhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, manje usuyaqonda ukuthi le hypodermis noma izicubu ezingaphansi kwesikhumba zibaluleke futhi zibaluleke kangakanani esikhumbeni sethu. Akuyona nje ungqimba lwamafutha. Inezinzuzo eziningi nemisebenzi emizimbeni yethu.

I-hypodermis yenza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile , njengokugcina amandla, ukuxhuma imisipha namathambo ngaphansi kwesikhumba, ukusivikela emakhazeni nokugcina ukushisa komzimba, nokuvikela izitho zethu zangaphakathi ezingozini ezahlukahlukene kanye nokushaqeka .

Nakuba kungokwemvelo ukuthi le hypodermis ibe mncane njengoba siguga, okubangela ukuwohloka kwesikhumba kanye nemibimbi, singazilawula lezi zimo ngezinga elithile ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo kanye nokunikeza ukunakekelwa okudingekayo esikhumbeni. Uma kudingeka, kunezindawo nanamuhla zokubuyisela ukubukeka kwesikhumba okulahlekile ngezinga elithile ngokwelashwa okufana nokugcwalisa isikhumba ngaphansi kweseluleko sikadokotela.

Ngakho-ke, cabanga ngalo mngane ojulile, kodwa oyigugu kakhulu wesikhumba sakho. Sinakekele ngendlela esidinga ngayo. Khona-ke uzokwazi ukugcina isikhumba esinempilo nesihle isikhathi eside!

I- Hypodermis, izicubu ezingaphansi kwesikhumba, izendlalelo zesikhumba, impilo yesikhumba, izicubu zamafutha, ukuvikelwa kwesikhumba, izifo zesikhumba