Ake sithole ngezinga lakho le-AST. (I-Aspartate Transferase - AST) Kusho ukuthini lokho?

Cishe uke wabona inani elibizwa ngokuthi i-AST embikweni wokuhlolwa kwegazi, noma wezwa udokotela ekhuluma ngakho. Ngakho-ke, cishe uyazibuza, "Kusho ukuthini i-AST?" Ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngakho kalula. Njengoba nje ubungakhuluma nomngane.

Kuyini i-AST? Kalula nje...

I-AST yigama elifushane le-enzyme i-Aspartate Transferase . Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa nangokuthi i-Aspartate Aminotransferase . Manje ungase uzibuze, "Iyini le-enzyme?"

Cabanga nje, kunezisebenzi ezincane eziningana emizimbeni yethu ezisiza izinto ezahlukene ukuthi zisebenze kahle. Ama-enzyme anjalo. Empeleni awuhlobo lweprotheni. Le enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-AST itholakala ezindaweni eziningi emizimbeni yethu. Itholakala kakhulu esibindini . Kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, le enzyme ye-AST itholakala kwezinye izicubu eziningi njengenhliziyo, ubuchopho, ama-pancreas, izinso, kanye nemisipha. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi esiningi, uma sikhuluma nge-AST, ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nempilo yesibindi sethu.

Ngakho-ke kuyini ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-AST?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-AST kulinganisa inani le-AST egazini lakho. Ngokuvamile, lapho amangqamuzana omzimba wethu onakele, le enzyme ye-AST inganqwabelana egazini. Ngakho-ke, izinga eliphezulu le-AST kusampula yegazi liwuphawu lokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle emzimbeni. Ngokuvamile (kodwa hhayi njalo) lokhu kungaba yisifo sesibindi.

Kodwa-ke, i-AST ayitholakali esibindini kuphela. Ngakho-ke, kunzima kudokotela ukusho ngqo ukuthi hlobo luni lwesifo onaso ngokusekelwe emazingeni e-AST kuphela. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kwe-AST kwenziwa kanye nezinye izivivinyo eziningana. Isibonelo, kwenziwa njengengxenye yephaneli ye-enzyme yesibindi (i-HFP) noma iphaneli ephelele ye-metabolic (i-CMP) . Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ulinganise izinto eziningi kusampula eyodwa yegazi futhi uthole isithombe esiphelele sempilo yakho.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-AST kunamanye amagama amaningana:

• Ukudluliselwa kwe-Aspartate (AST).
• I-aspartate aminotransferase (AST).
• I-Serum Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT).
• I-SGOT.
• I-transaminase ye-aspartate.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-AST ne-ALT?

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngelinye inani elibizwa ngokuthi i-ALT kanye ne-AST. I-ALT (i-Alanine Transferase) ingenye i-enzyme elinganiswa esibindini. Zombili lezi zikhishwa egazini lapho amaseli esibindi onakele.

Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani ne-AST, i-ALT iyi-enzyme etholakala kakhulu esibindini. I-AST itholakala kwezinye izingxenye eziningi zomzimba. Ngakho-ke, amazinga aphezulu e-ALT abhekwa njengesibonakaliso esicacile sesifo sesibindi kunamazinga aphezulu e-AST . Kodwa-ke, lapho udokotela ebheka impilo yesibindi, bavame ukuhlola kokubili i-AST ne-ALT ndawonye.

Kungani ngidinga ukuhlolwa kwe-AST?

Inhloso eyinhloko yokuhlolwa kwe-AST ukuthola umonakalo kumaseli emzimbeni wethu. Lokhu kusiza ekutholeni izinkinga zesibindi, ikakhulukazi uma amaseli esibindini onakele, njengoba i-AST iqoqana egazini. Futhi, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, amazinga e-AST angakhuphuka ngisho noma amaseli onakele kwenye indawo emzimbeni.

Udokotela angase akucele ukuthi wenze ukuhlolwa kwe-AST (ngokuvamile njengengxenye yephaneli) ngezizathu ezifana nalezi:

1. Ukuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu

Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo sesibindi. Uma unezinye zalezi zici eziyingozi, ungenza lokhu kuhlolwa ukuze uhlole impilo yesibindi sakho ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu. Lezi zici eziyingozi zifaka:

• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngokweqile.
• Ukuba nesifo sesibindi emndenini.
• Isifo sikashukela.
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile (ukwanda kwamafutha emzimbeni).
• Ukujova izidakamizwa ngezinaliti ezisetshenziswa abanye.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlolwa kwe-AST kufakwa ku-Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwempilo okuvamile, ngakho-ke kungadingeka ukuthi wenze lokhu kuhlolwa ngisho noma ungekho engozini yesifo sesibindi.

2. Qapha isimo (Ukuqapha)

Uma usuvele unesifo sesibindi, udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi uhlolwe i-AST ukuze abone ukuthi siyaba ngcono yini, siya siba sibi kakhulu, noma ukuthi sisebenza kahle kangakanani ngokwelashwa. Futhi, uma uthatha imithi engathinta isibindi, lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi imithi ibangela ukulimala kwesibindi.

3. Njengosizo ekuxilongweni (Ukuxilonga)

Uma unezimpawu zesifo sesibindi, ukuhlolwa kwe-AST kungafakwa ezivivinyweni ukuze kusize ekuxilongweni kwaso. Nakuba amazinga e-AST ewodwa engakwazi ukuxilonga isifo, ayingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokuxilonga.

Ezinye zezimpawu zesifo sesibindi yilezi:

• Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo kanye/noma ukuhlanza.
• Ubuhlungu besisu (ubuhlungu besisu).
• Isikhumba esilumayo.
• I-jaundice (ukuphuzi kwesikhumba kanye nokumhlophe kwamehlo).
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele njalo (ukukhathala).
• Ukudla akunambitheki.

Ubani ohlola igazi le-AST? Kwenziwa kanjani?

Ngokuvamile, umuntu oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukuthatha amasampula egazi, obizwa ngokuthi i-phlebotomist, uthatha leli sampula legazi. Kodwa-ke, noma yimuphi umhlinzeki wezempilo oqeqeshwe ukuthatha igazi angakwenza lokhu. Isampula ithunyelwa elabhorethri. Lapho, usosayensi welabhorethri yezokwelapha uhlola isampula bese elinganisa izinga le-AST esebenzisa imishini ekhethekile (abahlaziyi).

Ingabe kukhona okudingeka ngikwenze ngaphambi kokuhlolwa?

• Ukuzila Ukudla: Uma ukuhlolwa kwakho kwe-AST kuyingxenye ye-Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP), ungase ucelwe ukuba uzile ukudla (ungadli noma uphuze noma yini ngaphandle kwamanzi) amahora ayi-10-12 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwegazi lakho. Kodwa-ke, uma wenza ukuhlolwa kwe-AST kuphela noma i-Hepatic Function Panel (HFP) kuphela, ngokuvamile akudingeki uzile ukudla. Kodwa-ke,Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo.
• Ulwazi Lwemithi: Kufanele utshele udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi, amavithamini, kanye nezithasiselo ozithathayo. Eminye imithi ingathinta amazinga e-AST. Udokotela wakho angakucela ukuthi uyeke ukuyithatha ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, ngaphandle kokuthi utshelwe. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha noma yimiphi imithi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho.

Kwenzekani uma unikela ngegazi?

Lokhu kulula kakhulu.

• Uzohlaliswa esihlalweni. Ngemuva kwalokho kuzotholakala umthambo ofanele engalweni yakho (ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwendololwane, ngaphakathi).
• Uma umthambo usutholakele, indawo iyahlanzwa futhi ihlanzwe ngamagciwane.
• Ngemuva kwalokho, kufakwa inaliti encane kulowo mthambo bese kuthathwa isampula yegazi. Lokhu kungase kube buhlungu kancane, njengokulunywa yintuthwane.
• Ngemva kokufaka inaliti, inani elincane legazi liqoqwa epayipini lokuhlola.
• Ngemva kokuba usuqoqe igazi elanele lokuhlolwa, susa inaliti bese ucindezela indawo yokopha ngekotoni noma i-gauze ukuze umise ukopha.
• Ngemuva kwalokho, kufakwa iplasta endaweni bese umsebenzi usuqediwe.

Le nqubo yonke ivame ukuthatha imizuzu engaphansi kwemihlanu.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokunikela ngegazi?

Ngemva kokuthunyelwa kwesampula yegazi elabhorethri, imiphumela izotholakala cishe ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Ngezinye izikhathi kungathatha isikhathi eside. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ngemiphumela uma ifika.

Ingabe kukhona ingozi kulokhu?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyindlela evamile kakhulu futhi ebalulekile. Izingozi ziphansi kakhulu. Kungase kube nokuklwebheka kanye nobuhlungu lapho igazi likhishwa khona. Kodwa lokho kuzophela ngokushesha.

Isho ukuthini imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-AST?

Umbiko wokuhlolwa kwegazi uvame ukufaka ulwazi olulandelayo kanye nemiphumela ye-AST:

• Igama lokuhlolwa kwegazi (libizwa ngokuthi i-AST).
• Inani (inani) le-AST egazini lakho.
• Ububanzi obujwayelekile balolo vivinyo.
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umphumela wakho ujwayelekile noma awujwayelekile (uphezulu noma uphansi).

Iyini ibanga elijwayelekile le-AST?

Ububanzi obujwayelekile be-AST bungahluka kancane kusuka kwelinye ilabhorethri kuya kwelinye. Ububanzi obujwayelekile obujwayelekile bungu -8 kuya ku-33 U/L (amayunithi/ilitha) . Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukubheka ububanzi obujwayelekile embikweni wakho.

Futhi, khumbula, ayikho izinga elilodwa "elijwayelekile" le-AST elisebenzela wonke umuntu. Izinga le-AST elinempilo lingahluka kuye ngezinto ezifana nalezi:

• iminyaka yakho.
• Ubufazi bakho/ubudoda bakho.
• Uhlanga lwakho.
• Isisindo sakho.

Udokotela wakho uzocabangela konke lokhu bese enquma ngemiphumela yakho.

Kusho ukuthini uma izinga lami le-AST liphezulu?

Uma amazinga e-AST ephakanyisiwe, kungaba uphawu lwesifo sesibindi.Uma ezinye izivivinyo zegazi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlobene nesibindi, nazo zingajwayelekile, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi unesifo sesibindi. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, amazinga e-AST nawo angakhuphuka uma amaseli kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba elimele, ikakhulukazi esibindini.

Amazinga aphezulu e-AST angabonisa izifo zesibindi ezifana nalezi:

• Ukulimala kwesibindi okubangelwa utshwala.
• I-Hepatitis.
• Ukulimala kwesibindi (i-Cirrhosis).
• Ukuthatha imithi eyingozi (enobuthi) esibindini.
• Isimila sesibindi noma umdlavuza wesibindi.
• Ukuncipha kokunikezwa kwegazi esibindini (i-Liver Ischemia) (lokhu kungabangela ukuthi izicubu zesibindi zife).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo ezingahlobene ngqo nesibindi nazo zingabangela amazinga aphezulu e-AST:

• Ukuqongelela ngokweqile kwensimbi emzimbeni (i-Hemochromatosis) (lokhu kulimaza inhliziyo, isibindi kanye ne-pancreas).
• Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo (i-Myocardial Infarction).
• I-Mononucleosis ingumkhuhlane.
• Izifo zemisipha.
• Ukuvuvukala kwe-pancreas (i-pancreatitis).

Ngaphezu kwalezi zinto, amazinga e-AST angakhuphuka okwesikhashana ngemva kwezehlakalo ezifana nalezi:

• Ukusha okujulile.
• Ukudlikizela.
• Ukuhlinzwa noma izinqubo ezihlobene nenhliziyo.
• Ukuhlinzwa.
• Ukuzivocavoca okunamandla.
• Uma ukhulelwe.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi izinga le-AST eliphakeme akusho ukuthi unesifo esingathi sína. Ezinye izinto eziningi zingathinta lokhu. Udokotela wakho uzobheka ezinye izivivinyo zegazi, umlando wakho wezokwelapha, nakho konke okunye ukuze afinyelele esiphethweni.

Ingabe kufanele ngikhathazeke uma imiphumela yami ye-AST iphezulu?

Uma izinga lakho le-AST liphakeme kunezinga elijwayelekile elinikezwe embikweni wakho wokuhlolwa kwe-AST, akusho ukuthi unesifo esidinga ukwelashwa. Ngisho nomuntu onesibindi esinempilo nesisebenza kahle angaba nezinga le-AST elingaphezu kwebanga elijwayelekile. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, isibonelo:

• iminyaka yakho.
• Ubufazi bakho/ubudoda bakho.
• Uhlanga lwakho.
• Ukudla kwakho.
• Ukuzivocavoca umzimba.
• Ukuthatha imithi ethinta amazinga e-AST.
• Ukhulelwe.

Udokotela wakho uzocabangela zonke lezi zici, kanye neminye imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa kwegazi, bese enquma ukuthi udinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.

Uma imiphumela yami ye-AST ingajwayelekile, ingabe kuzodingeka ngenze ezinye izivivinyo?

Yebo, uma izinga lakho le-AST lingajwayelekile, udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Lokhu kuhlolwa kufaka phakathi:

• Phinda ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-AST.
• Ezinye izivivinyo zegazi (isib. i-ALT, i-Bilirubin).
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe (isib. Ukuskena kwe-Ultrasound).
• I-biopsy.

Kufanele ngimshayele nini udokotela?

• Uma unezimpawu zokulimala kwesibindi (isib. i-jaundice, ubuhlungu besisu), shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
• Uma usuvele wazi ukuthi unesifo sesibindi, tshela udokotela wakho uma uthola izimpawu ezintsha noma ezikhathazayo.
• Uma unemibuzo mayelana nemiphumela yakho ye-AST, ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhathazekile kancane uma ubona inani elingavamile embikweni wokuhlolwa kwegazi. Kodwa khumbula, ukuthi nje izinga lakho le-AST liphakeme akusho ukuthi unesifo noma udinga ukwelashwa. Izici eziningi zingathinta amazinga e-AST. Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-20 abaphilile angase abe nemiphumela engaphandle kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile.

Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi udinga yini ukwenza ezinye izivivinyo ukuthola imbangela yaleli nani elingavamile. Ngakho-ke, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu. Bakhona ukukusiza. Uyaqonda?

` I-AST, isibindi, ama-enzyme, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, i-SGOT, isifo sesibindi, ukuhlolwa kwempilo