Ake sifunde ngezimpawu zama-enzyme egazini lakho.

Uma udokotela ekutshela ukuthi uhlole "Ama-Enzyme Markers" akho, cishe unemibuzo embalwa engqondweni, akunjalo? "Yini lawa ma-enzyme?", "Kungani ehlolwa?" Imibuzo efana naleyo. Ungakhathazeki, kulula kakhulu. Ake sifunde kabanzi ngalokhu namuhla, njengokukhuluma nomngane.

Ngakho-ke ziyini lezi zimpawu zama-enzyme?

Kalula nje, ama-Enzyme Markers awukuhlolwa kwegazi okulinganisa amazinga ama-enzyme athile egazini lakho. Lawa ma-enzyme avame ukutholakala ngaphakathi kwamaseli emizimba yethu. Kodwa-ke, lapho isitho emzimbeni wethu, njengesibindi, inhliziyo, noma imisipha, sonakele, sigula, noma silimele, amanye ala ma-enzyme avuza kulawo maseli alimele aye egazini. Kufana namanzi avuza ebhodleleni eliphukile.

Ngemuva kwalokho, ngalokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi, udokotela angabona ukuthi izinga lale enzyme egazini lakho liphakeme noma liphansi kunejwayelekile. Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi babiza lokhu ngokuthi “ama-biomarker.” Okusho ukuthi, uphawu lwebhayoloji lwesifo esithile. Lokhu kunganikeza udokotela inkomba yokuthi kukhona yini okungahambi kahle emzimbeni wakho.

Kulungile, pho ziyini lezi "enzymes"?

Sisanda kukhuluma "ngezimpawu zama-enzyme." Ngakho-ke ayini lawa "ma-enzyme"? Cabanga ngama-enzyme njengamaprotheni afana nezisebenzi ezincane emizimbeni yethu. Asiza ngezinye izinqubo zamakhemikhali emizimbeni yethu, futhi asheshisa imetabolism yethu. Kufana nomuntu osisiza ukugaya ukudla ngokushesha.

Kunezinkulungwane zama-enzyme ahlukene emizimbeni yethu, ngalinye elenza umsebenzi othile. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Esimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi: Kusiza ekujiyeni kwegazi.
• Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla: Lusiza ekugayeni ukudla esikudlayo.
• Uhlelo lwemisipha: Imisipha isiza ngokusebenza kanye nokunyakaza.
• Uhlelo lwezinzwa: Lusiza ukusebenza kobuchopho, umgogodla kanye nemizwa.
• Uhlelo lokuphefumula: Lusiza ngenqubo yokuphefumula.
• Uhlelo lomchamo: Lusiza ekususeni imfucuza emzimbeni.

Uyabona, ama-enzyme adlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emizimbeni yethu!

Ubani odinga lolu vivinyo lokumaka ama-enzyme?

Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani udokotela engase acele lolu vivinyo. Eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Ukuhlolwa: Ngezinye izikhathi, uma uya kohlolwa ngokomzimba okuvamile, lokhu kuhlolwa kungenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe noma yiziphi izinkinga zangaphakathi, ukulimala kwezitho zomzimba, noma ukukhathala kwemisipha, noma ngabe awunazo izimpawu.
• Ukuxilongwa kwesifo (Ukuxilongwa):Uma unezimpawu, lokhu kuhlolwa kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi imbangela yisifo esithile noma inkinga yenhliziyo.
• Ukuqapha impumelelo yokwelashwa: Uma uphuza imithi yesifo esithile, lokhu kuhlolwa kwama-enzyme kwenziwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi imithi isebenza kahle noma ukuthi ibangela umonakalo kwesinye isitho somzimba.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuhlolwa kwezimpawu ze-enzyme ezikhona?

Odokotela basebenzisa izivivinyo ezahlukene ze-enzyme marker ukuze bathole izifo ezahlukene kanye nesimo sazo. Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-enzyme yenhliziyo: Lokhu kuhlola umonakalo emisipheni yenhliziyo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-isoenzymes ye-Creatinine phosphokinase (CPK): Lokhu kuhlola ama-enzyme afana ne-`(CK-MB)` kanye ne-`(CK-MM)`. Lokhu kungabona nomonakalo emisipheni, ikakhulukazi inhliziyo kanye neminye imisipha.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-enzyme yesibindi: Lokhu kuhlolwa kulinganisa ama-enzyme afana ne-`(ALT)`, `(AST)`, `(Alkaline phosphatase)`, `(GGT)`, kanye ne-`(5'-NT)` ukuze kutholakale umbono ngesimo sesibindi.

Ake sibheke ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.

Kuyini Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Enzyme Yenhliziyo?

Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa uma kusolwa ukuthi kukhona ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, noma ukuhlola ukuthi imisipha yenhliziyo yonakaliswe yini esinye isimo senhliziyo. Kwenziwa futhi ukuhlola ukuthi inhliziyo isebenza kanjani ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuthile, njenge-coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) noma i-angioplasty.

Uma kukhona okonakalayo enhliziyweni, inhliziyo ikhipha iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-troponin (cTn) kanye ne-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-creatine phosphokinase (CPK) egazini. Esikhathini esidlule, izinga le-creatine phosphokinase (CPK) kwakuyisivivinyo esiyinhloko esisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Kodwa manje, uma usola ukuthi unesifo senhliziyo, odokotela bavame ukwenza isivivinyo se-troponin ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-enzyme ye-troponin itholakala enhliziyweni kuphela. Yingakho icacile kakhulu.

Amazinga e-troponin egazini angaqala ukukhuphuka zingakapheli amahora ayi-12 ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Amazinga aphezulu e-CPK angabonisa nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi isifo semithambo yegazi yenhliziyo, okuwukuvinjelwa kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni.

Ngokuvamile, amazinga e-troponin egazini aphansi kakhulu – cishe ama-nanogram angu-0.02 nge-milliliter (0.02 ng/mL). Amazinga aphezulu ale enzyme yenhliziyo egazini asho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Uma inani liphezulu, kulapho umonakalo omkhulu owenzekile enhliziyweni.

Ngenxa yokuthi amazinga e-enzyme ayashintsha ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi uhlolwe kaningana ukuze kulinganiswe amazinga akho e-CPK kanye ne-troponin njalo emahoreni ambalwa.

Udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuhlolwa kwe-enzyme yenhliziyo uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Isiyezi
• Isicanucanu
• Ukujuluka ngokweqile (Ukujuluka okukhulu / i-Hyperhidrosis)
• Ukuphelelwa umoya / Ukuphelelwa umoya

Iyini i-CPK Isoenzymes Test?

Lokhu kuhlolwa kubheka amazinga aphezulu e-`(CPK)`. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi kwenzeke umonakalo wezicubu. Lapho imisipha yethu (kufaka phakathi imisipha yenhliziyo), ubuchopho, namaphaphu yonakaliswa yisifo noma ukulimala, lawa ma-isoenzyme e-`(CPK)` akhishwa egazini. Ama-Isoenzyme ayizinhlobo zama-enzyme aqondene ngqo nezitho noma izicubu ezithile.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• I-`(CK)` eqondene nenhliziyo ithi `CK-MB` .
• I-`(CK)` ethize yemisipha yamathambo (njengemisipha yezingalo) yi -`CK-MM` .
• Ukusho nje ukuthi `(CK)` yinani eliphelele `(CK)` elivela kuzo zonke lezi zindawo.

Kuye ngezimpawu zakho, ukuxilongwa, noma izici eziyingozi, udokotela wakho angayala lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-isoenzyme (CPK) ukuze ahlole izimo ezifana nalezi:

• Isifo senhliziyo
• Isifo sohlangothi
• Isimila sobuchopho
• I-Muscular dystrophy (isifo esenza imisipha ibe buthaka)
• I-Dermatyositis (isifo sesikhumba nemisipha)
• I-myositis yomzimba ehlanganisiwe (isifo esibangela ubuthakathaka bemisipha)
• I-Polymyositis (isifo semisipha)
• I-hyperthermia ebulalayo (isimo lapho umuntu eba nomkhuhlane omkhulu ngenxa yokuhlinzwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa)

Kuyini Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Enzyme Yesibindi?

Uma isibindi sethu sonakaliswa yisifo noma ukulimala okuthile, isibindi sikhipha ama-enzyme ahlukahlukene egazini. Amabili ala ma-enzyme aziwa kakhulu yi-alanine aminotransferase (ALT) kanye ne-aspartate aminotransferase (AST). I-enzyme i-ALT ikhiqizwa kakhulu esibindini. I-aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ikhiqizwa esibindini, enhliziyweni, ezinso, ebuchosheni nasemisipheni.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-enzyme yesibindi kubheka amazinga aphezulu ala ma-enzyme. Uma ephakanyisiwe, kungaba ngenxa yesimo esifana nalesi:

• Umsele wenyongo ovinjiwe
• Isifo se-Celiac (ukungezwani komzimba ne-gluten)
• I-cirrhosis yesibindi
• Isifo sesibindi esinamafutha noma isifo sesibindi esihlobene notshwala
• I-Hemochromatosis (i-iron eningi egazini)
• I-Hepatitis A, i-hepatitis B kanye ne-hepatitis C
• Umdlavuza wesibindi
• I-Mononucleosis (isifo esibangela ukuvuvukala kwezindlala)
• Isifo sikaWilson (ukufakwa kwethusi ngokweqile emathanjeni)

Khumbula, amazinga aphezulu e-enzyme kuphela akusho ukuthi unesifo. Udokotela wakho uzoqhathanisa lokhu nezimpawu zakho kanye neminye imiphumela yokuhlolwa ukuze afinyelele esiphethweni.

Ngingakulungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwe-enzyme marker?

Uma uzohlolwa igazi, ukukhumbula lezi zinto ezimbalwa kungenza inqubo ibe lula:

• Phuza amanzi amaningi: Phuza amanzi amaningi ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi. Lokhu kuzosiza igazi ukuthi ligeleze kahle emithanjeni, okwenza kube lula ukuqoqa igazi.
• Gwema i-nicotine: Uma ubhema (kufaka phakathi i-vaping), yigweme ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi. I-nicotine ibangela ukuthi imithambo yegazi inciphe, okwenza kube nzima ukukhipha igazi emthanjeni onciphile.
• Sitshele uma wesaba: Uma wesaba izinaliti (i-Trypanophobia) noma wesaba ukubona igazi (i-Hemophobia), tshela udokotela wakho noma umuntu odonsa igazi lakho kusengaphambili. Bangakusiza ukuthi wenze inqubo yokudonsa igazi ibe mnandi kakhudlwana.

Ingabe ngidinga ukuzila ukudla ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwe-enzyme marker?

Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi udinga ukuzila ukudla (ngaphandle kwamanzi). Ezimweni eziningi, akudingeki. Ikakhulukazi njengoba ukuhlolwa kwama-enzyme enhliziyo kwenziwa esimweni esiphuthumayo, njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ngeke kulindeleke ukuthi uzile ukudla ngaleso sikhathi.

Kwenzekani uma kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwe-enzyme marker?

Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula kakhulu. Kuye ngesimo sakho, lokhu kuhlolwa kungenziwa ehhovisi likadokotela, elebhu yokuhlola igazi, noma esibhedlela. Udokotela we-phlebotomist (umuntu oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukudonsa igazi) noma omunye uchwepheshe wezempilo uzokhipha igazi lakho. Le nqubo ithatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela.

Yini okufanele ngiyilindele ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-enzyme marker?

Kungcono ukugcina iplasta endaweni lapho igazi lidonswa khona cishe amahora amabili kuya kwamane ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokutheleleka. Indawo lapho inaliti ifakwe khona ingase ivuvuke kancane futhi ivuvuke. Lokhu kuzophela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Unganciphisa ukuklwebheka noma ukungakhululeki ngokwenza lezi zinto:

• Songa iphakethe leqhwa ngendwangu bese ulibeka phezu kweplasta.
• Thatha umuthi wokuqeda izinhlungu otholakala ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela.
• Ungaphakamisi izinsimbi noma uvivinye umzimba onzima amahora angama-24 ngemva kokunikela ngegazi.

Yiziphi izingozi zokuhlolwa kwe-enzyme marker?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyizinqubo ezinobungozi obuphansi. Abanye abantu bangase babe nomfutho wegazi ophansi (hypotension) lapho bekhishwa igazi. Lokhu kungakwenza uzizwe unesiyezi noma unesicanucanu. Uma uzizwa ungaphilile noma uqulekile, tshela udokotela wakho noma umuntu othatha igazi ngokushesha. Bangakusiza ngokukulalisa phansi noma ukwenza ezinye izinto.

Ngizoyithola nini imiphumela yokuhlolwa?

Esimweni esiphuthumayo, isibonelo, uma kusolwa ukuthi uhlaselwe yinhliziyo, imiphumela itholakala ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kungathatha izinsuku eziningana ukuthi udokotela athole imiphumela evela elabhorethri.

Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa nawe ngemiphumela. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi wenze izivivinyo ezengeziwe ukuze uxilonge inkinga ethile noma uqinisekise ukuthi ayikho inkinga. Kuye ngohlobo lwenkinga, ungase ube nezivivinyo eziningana ze-enzyme marker esikhathini esingamahora noma izinsuku.

Yini okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Ungabuza udokotela imibuzo efana nale:

• Kungani ngidinga ukwenza lolu vivinyo lokumaka ama-enzyme?
• Ingabe kudingeka ngizile ukudla, ngiyeke ukubhema, noma ngiyeke ukuphuza imithi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa?
• Ngizoyithola nini imiphumela yokuhlolwa?
• Ingabe kufanele ngikhathazeke ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa?
• Ingabe kuzodingeka ngenze izivivinyo ezengeziwe?
• Kukangaki ngidinga ukwenza lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-enzyme marker?

Okokugcina, okufanele ukukhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukuhlolwa kwe-enzyme marker kuwukuhlolwa okunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokusebenza kwezitho zethu zomzimba, isimo sezifo, kanye nokwelashwa. Uma unezimpawu ezithile, udokotela angase akuyalele lokhu kuhlolwa ukuze axilonge isifo noma ukuqinisekisa ukuthi asikho isifo esinjalo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-enzyme yenhliziyo kuhlola umonakalo enhliziyweni ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-phosphokinase (CPK) kubheka izifo ezihlobene nemisipha. Ukuhlolwa kwe-enzyme yesibindi kuhlola ukusebenza kwesibindi. Buza udokotela wakho noma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho mayelana nalokhu kuhlolwa noma imiphumela yako. Ungakhathazeki, udokotela wakho ukhona ukuzokusiza.

Ama - enzyme, ukuhlolwa kwama-enzyme, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sesibindi, isifo semisipha, ukuxilongwa