Uke wahlolwa i-hemoglobin yakho? Ake sixoxe ngokuhlolwa kwe-Hemoglobin Electrophoresis!

Sawubona! Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okungase kube kusha kuwe, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni ezinye izifo. Lokhu ukuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-Hemoglobin Electrophoresis . Mhlawumbe udokotela wakho ukucele ukuthi wenze lokhu kuhlolwa, noma uke wezwa leli gama ndawana thize. Ngisho noma igama lide kancane, ungesabi! Kulula kakhulu. Sizokhuluma ngakho konke ngokucacile kulesi sihloko namuhla.

Kuyini i-Hemoglobin Electrophoresis?

Kalula nje, lena indlela yokuhlaziya iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana ethu abomvu egazi. Ungase ukhumbule ukuthi i-hemoglobin iyiphrotheni ebalulekile ethwala umoya-mpilo emizimbeni yethu yonke futhi inike amangqamuzana abomvu egazi umbala wawo obomvu. Ukukhiqizwa okufanele kwale hemoglobin kulawulwa izakhi zofuzo zethu.

Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, izinguquko ezithile, noma izinguquko, zingenzeka kuma-gene alawula i-hemoglobin. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, esikhundleni samaseli abomvu egazi anempilo, kuqala ukwakheka amaseli abomvu egazi angasebenzi kahle. Lawa maseli awonakele aphuka ngokushesha, okungaholela ezimweni ezifana ne -anemia , noma izifo ezingathi sína ezihlobene negazi njenge -sickle cell anemia kanye ne-thalassemia .

Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin electrophoresis kuvumela odokotela ukuthola ukuthi zikhona yini izimo ezinjalo. Futhi, lokhu kuhlolwa kungenye yezivivinyo ezimbalwa ezenziwa ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa. Kusiza ekutholeni kusenesikhathi izifo ezingavamile kodwa ezingaba yingozi njenge-sickle cell anemia.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin kanye ne-hemoglobin electrophoresis?

Yilapho futhi abantu abaningi bedideka khona. Ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin okuvamile kulinganisa inani le-hemoglobin emaseli akho abomvu egazi. Okusho ukuthi, kuhlola ukuthi i-hemoglobin yakho iphansi, iphezulu, noma ijwayelekile.

Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin electrophoresis kwenza okuthile okujulile kunalokho. Kuhlaziya izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-hemoglobin emangqamuzaneni akho abomvu egazi, nokuthi kungakanani uhlobo ngalunye olukhona. Uyawuqonda umehluko? Omunye ubheka inani, omunye ubheka izinhlobo namanani alezo zinhlobo.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi lezi zinhlobo ze-hemoglobin?

Odokotela bavame ukugxila ezinhlotsheni ezine eziyinhloko ze-hemoglobin kulolu vivinyo. Ake sifunde kancane ngazo.

• I-Hemoglobin A1 kanye ne-A2 (HgbA1 kanye ne-HgbA2): Lolu hlobo lwe-hemoglobin, olubizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin A1, luwuhlobo olutholakala kakhulu kumaseli abomvu egazi lomuntu omdala onempilo. I-Hemoglobin A2 uhlobo oluncane, olwakha cishe u-2% kuya ku-3% we-hemoglobin iyonke. Lezi zibizwa nangokuthi "ama-hemoglobin abantu abadala."

• I-Hemoglobin F (HgbF): Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-Hemoglobin yengane esanda kuzalwa"Njengoba igama lisho, lolu hlobo lwe-HgbF lutholakala kumaseli abomvu egazi ezinsana, izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa, kanye nezingane ezineminyaka engaba ngu-3 ubudala. Kodwa-ke, kungaba yinto engavamile ukuba nezinga le-HgbF eliphakeme kakhulu kunelivamile egazini lomuntu omdala.

• I-Hemoglobin S (HgbS): Lolu hlobo lwe-hemoglobin luyisici esiyinhloko se- sickle cell anemia . I-sickle cell anemia yisimo esibi esiseqenjini lezifo ze-sickle cell . Lesi simo sivame kakhulu kubantu bomdabu wase-Afrika . I-HgbS ibangela amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ukuba ashintshe abe yisimo se-sickle, esingavimba imithambo yegazi.

• I-Hemoglobin C (HgbC): Lolu hlobo lwe-hemoglobin luhlotshaniswa nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hemolytic anemia . Lesi yisimo lapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ebhujiswa khona ngokushesha kunamaseli avamile noma isikhathi sawo sokuphila sifushane. Njenge-sickle cell anemia, lesi simo se-HgbC sivame kakhulu nakubantu bomdabu base-Afrika .

Manje sekusobala kuwe ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-hemoglobin, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lunemisebenzi nemiphumela ethile.

Kwenziwa kanjani lokhu kuhlolwa? Kuthathwa kanjani isampula yegazi?

Ukuze senze lokhu kuhlolwa, sidinga isampula yegazi kuphela. Odokotela, kunezindlela eziningana zokuthatha leli sampula legazi. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.

1. Ukudonswa kwegazi emithanjeni

Lena yindlela evamile esetshenziswa ukuqoqa igazi kubantu abadala kanye nezingane ezindala. Kungenzeka ukuthi unikeze igazi ngale ndlela.

• Okokuqala, umhlengikazi noma udokotela uzohlanza indawo lapho umthambo wakho ukhona engalweni yakho ngotshwala.
• Bese befaka i-tourniquet engalweni yakho, bayiqinise, bese bekucela ukuthi ucindezele ingalo yakho. Lokhu kuzokwenza imithambo ibonakale kakhulu futhi kube lula ukukhipha igazi.
• Okulandelayo, umhlengikazi ufaka inaliti emthanjeni. Kuleli qophelo, ungase uzwe ubuhlungu obuncane, njengokulunywa yintuthwane. Kodwa buhlala imizuzwana embalwa kuphela.
• Qoqa inani legazi elidingekayo ebhodleleni elincane bese ulithumela elabhorethri ukuze lihlolwe.
• Ngemva kokukhishwa kwegazi, kufakwa iplasta encane endaweni lapho inaliti ifakwe khona. Indawo ingase ibe nemihuzuko kancane futhi ingase ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka izinsuku ezimbalwa. Lokhu kuvamile, ungakhathazeki.

2. Induku yomunwe

Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziswa ukuthatha isampula yegazi ezinganeni ezincane.

• Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlaba umunwe wengane ngethuluzi elincane bese uthatha amaconsi ambalwa egazi.
• Isampula yegazi ifakwa emgqeni wokuhlola oklanyelwe ngokukhethekile noma ebhodleleni elincane.
• Ngezinye izikhathi, kunemishini engaqoqa igazi bese ilifaka ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lena indlela esheshayo nelula kakhulu.

3. Induku yesithende

Lokhu kwenziwa njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwempilo yosana olusanda kuzalwa. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukwenziwa zingakapheli amahora angu-48 kusukela ekuzalweni komntwana.

• Kulokhu, kufakwa inaliti encane ngaphansi kwesithende somntwana bese kutholakala amaconsi ambalwa egazi.
• Ngalesi sikhathi, umama noma ubaba bangabamba umntwana. Khona-ke umntwana uzozizwa eduduzekile.
• Isampula yegazi iyaqoqwa bese ithunyelwa elabhorethri ngemva kokugcotshwa ephepheni.
• Lezi zivivinyo zisetshenziselwa ukuhlola izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa ukuze zibone izimpawu zezimo ezingavamile kodwa ezingelapheka njenge-sickle cell anemia, okusho ukuthi zinezinhlobo ze-hemoglobin ezingavamile.

Leli sampula legazi lizohlolwa kanjani elabhorethri?

Kulungile, manje sesithathe isampula yegazi. Kwenzekani ngokulandelayo? Elabhorethri, lezi zinhlobo ze-hemoglobin ziyahlukaniswa futhi zihlonzwe ngendlela ethakazelisayo kakhulu. Lokho kubizwa ngokuthi ukusebenzisa amashaja kagesi . Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-hemoglobin zinamashaja kagesi ahlukene.

Nansi indlela lokhu kuhlolwa okusebenza ngayo ngokuvamile:

• Okokuqala, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ahlukaniswa nesampula yegazi bese encibilika. Le sampula yamangqamuzana abomvu egazi encibilikile ibekwa emgqeni okhethekile, njengomcu we-cellulose .
• Ngemuva kwalokho, umugqa oqukethe isampula ufakwa emshinini obizwa ngokuthi i-electrophoresis chamber . Lo mshini udlulisa ugesi ngesampula.
• Ngokuphendula ugesi, izinhlobo ze-hemoglobin ezinamashaja kagesi ahlukene ziyahlukana futhi zihamba eceleni komcu ngesivinini esihlukile.
• Ekugcineni, lezi zinhlobo ze-hemoglobin ezihlukanisiwe zivela njengemivimbo enemibala ehlukene emgqeni.
• Okulandelayo, ochwepheshe bezokwelapha baqhathanisa le miphumela yokuhlolwa nemiphumela yesampula evamile ye-hemoglobin evela kumuntu ophilile.
• Uma izinga lohlobo oluthile lwe-hemoglobin liphezulu kakhulu noma liphansi kakhulu kunejwayelekile, kungaba uphawu lokuphazamiseka kwegazi. Isibonelo, uma uhlobo lwakho lwe-hemoglobin S (HgbS) lubukeka luhlukile kolomuntu ojwayelekile, kungaba uphawu lokuthi une-sickle cell anemia.

Cabanga ngale ndlela, njengoba nje uma uphonsa amatshe anesisindo esihlukene emfudlaneni wamanzi, amatshe ahamba amabanga ahlukene kuye ngesisindo sawo. Lapha, ugesi usebenza njengalowo "mfudlana wamanzi."

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokugxila kwe-isoelectric (IEF) kanye ne-electrophoresis?

I-Isoelectric focus (IEF) ingenye indlela esetshenziswa ukuhlonza izinhlobo ze-hemoglobin ezingavamile. Zombili i-IEF kanye ne-electrophoresis zisebenzisa amaza kagesi ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ze-hemoglobin. Kodwa-ke, kukhona umehluko othile wobuchwepheshe phakathi kwalezi zindlela ezimbili. Ngezinye izikhathi, zombili izindlela zingasetshenziswa ukuhlonza ngokunembile izinhlobo ze-hemoglobin.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi umbiko ufike?

Ukuhlolwa kungathatha cishe ihora ukuqeda elabhorethri. Kodwa-ke, kungathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuthi udokotela wakho athole imiphumela, ayibukeze, futhi akuchazele yona. Ngakho ungalindeli umbiko ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlolwa. Udokotela uzokutshela usuku okudingeka uze ngalo ukuzolanda umbiko.

Usho ukuthini umbiko wami? Ngiwuqonda kanjani?

Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Umbiko wakho we-hemoglobin electrophoresis uzobala amazinga athile ohlobo ngalunye lwe-hemoglobin. Isibonelo, uma izinga lakho le-hemoglobin F (HgbF) liphakeme kakhulu kunokuvamile, kungaba uphawu lohlobo oluthile lwe-thalassemia.

Kodwa, udinga ukukhumbula lokhu kahle:

Ungenzi isinqumo nganoma yisiphi isifo ngokusekelwe ezinombolweni ezisembikweni. Leyo yingxenye eyodwa kuphela yokuxilongwa. Umuntu ongcono kakhulu wokuqonda kahle ukuthi yini esembikweni wakho nokuthi iyithinta kanjani impilo yakho udokotela wakho . Uzocabangela konke kusukela ezimpawu zakho, eminye imiphumela yokuhlolwa, kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha ukuze enze ukuxilongwa okunembile.

Uma kukhona okungajwayelekile embikweni wami, kufanele ngishayele udokotela ucingo?

Yebo, impela. Uma ube nokuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin electrophoresis ngenxa yanoma yiziphi izimpawu (isib. ukukhathala okuvamile, ukuphaphatheka, ukuphelelwa umoya), kufanele ubonane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze uxoxe ngemiphumela yombiko.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin electrophoresis kusinika isithombe sezinhlobo ze-hemoglobin egazini lakho ngaleso sikhathi. Amazinga e-hemoglobin ayindlela yokuhlola le phrotheni ebalulekile kumaseli ethu abomvu egazi. Ushintsho olungavamile ezingeni lohlobo oluthile lwe-hemoglobin lungaba uphawu lokuthi ungase ube nesimo sezokwelapha.

Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho noma kwengane yakho ikhombisa ukugula okukhulu, kulula ukukhungatheka nokwesaba ngokubuka isithombe nje. Ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngempilo yengane yakho encane noma usana olusanda kuzalwa, kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhungathekile. Kodwa zama ukubheka isithombe esikhulu esikhundleni sokwethuka. Umuntu ongcono kakhulu ongakusiza ngalokho udokotela wakho. Angachaza ukuthi lesi "sithombe" singena kanjani empilweni yakho iyonke nokuthi yini okudingeka uyenze ngokulandelayo.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Ngiyethemba ukuthi usuyaqonda kahle ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin electrophoresis esixoxe ngakho namuhla. Nazi izinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzikhumbule:

• I-Hemoglobin electrophoresis ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukhethekile okuhlonza izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-hemoglobin egazini kanye nenani lazo.
• Lokhu kusiza ekuxilongeni izifo ezihlobene negazi njenge- sickle cell anemia kanye ne-thalassemia .
• Ingane esanda kuzalwaLokhu kwenziwa futhi njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwezempilo.
• Izinhlobo ze-hemoglobin zihlukaniswa ngokuthatha isampula yegazi nokusebenzisa ugesi .
• Khuluma nodokotela wakho njalo ngaphambi kokuzama ukuqonda imiphumela yombiko ngokwakho.
• Uma imiphumela ingajwayelekile, ungesabi futhi ulandele imiyalelo kadokotela wakho. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokwelashwa okuphumelelayo.

Sithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo. Hlala uphilile!

I- Hemoglobin Electrophoresis, i-Hemoglobin, Amaseli Abomvu Egazi, I-Anemia, I-Sickle Cell Anemia, i-Thalassemia