Umphathi omncane wobuchopho bethu: Konke mayelana neThalamus!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi zingaki izinto ezimangalisayo ezenzeka ngaphakathi kobuchopho bethu? Ubuchopho bethu empeleni buyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi buyizitho ezibalulekile kakhulu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngengxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yobuchopho okungenzeka ukuthi asikaze sizwe okuningi ngayo. Leyo yi -thalamus . Umsebenzi wayo unjengonobhala oyinhloko ehhovisi, noma umphathi wesiteshi esiteshini esikhulu sesitimela. Ake sibone ukuthi iyini le thalamus, ukuthi yenzani, nokuthi kwenzekani uma kwenzeka okuthile kuyo.

Iyini iThalamus? Masiyiqonde kalula!

Kalula nje, i-thalamus yakho iyisakhiwo esincane, esimise okweqanda phakathi kobuchopho bakho. Ukuze kube sobala, itholakala ngaphakathi kobuchopho bakho. Akuyona yodwa, empeleni kune-thalamus ezimbili, eyodwa ku-hemisphere ngayinye yobuchopho bakho.

Cabanga ngesiteshi sesitimela esikhulu edolobheni elikhulu. Zonke izitimela zifika lapho bese zishintsha indlela. Ngendlela efanayo, lonke ulwazi lwe-motor kanye ne-sensory oluvela emizimbeni yethu - okungukuthi, izinto esizizwayo, izinto esizinambithayo, izinto esizibonayo, izinto esizithintayo (kodwa hhayi iphunga) - luqala lufike kule thalamus. Bese i-thalamus ithumela lolu lwazi endaweni efanele, ithi, "Kulungile, lokhu kufanele kuye lapha, lokho kufanele kuye lapho," kuyi-cerebral cortex (lena ungqimba olungaphandle lobuchopho bethu, lapho ukucabanga okuningi kwenzeka khona). Yilapho lolo lwazi luhlaziywa khona futhi siluqonda.

Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, i-thalamus ifana nesiteshi sokudlulisela ulwazi ebuchosheni bethu.

Kwenzekani emzimbeni wethu nge-thalamus? Iyini imisebenzi yayo?

Umsebenzi uThalamasa okumele awenze awumncane. Nazi ezinye zemisebenzi yakhe eyinhloko:

• Ukudluliselwa Kolwazi Lwezinzwa: Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, yonke imizwa esiyitholayo ezinzweni zethu ezinhlanu (ngaphandle kwephunga) - ukubona, ukuzwa, ukunambitha, ukuthinta - ithunyelwa ebuchosheni njengemizwa yezinzwa nge-thalamus. Ngaphakathi kwe-thalamus, kunezindawo ezikhethekile zale mizwa ngayinye, ebizwa ngokuthi i-nuclei . La ma-nuclei athola ulwazi, alucubungule, bese eluthumela ezindaweni ezifanele ze-cerebral cortex.
• Ulwazi Lokunyakaza: Njengolwazi lwezinzwa, imiyalezo ehlobene nokunyakaza okufana nokunyakaza kwezingalo nemilenze nokuhamba nayo ithunyelwa ebuchosheni nge-thalamus.
• Ukubeka Ukunaka Eqhulwini: Cabanga nje uma uhamba emgwaqweni, zingaki izinto ozizwayo futhi ozibonayo ngesikhathi esisodwa, njengomsindo wethrafikhi, abantu abakhulumayo, njalo njalo? Bekungeke yini kube yinto edidayo kakhulu uma konke lokhu kungangena ebuchosheni bakho ngesikhathi esisodwa? Ngaleso sikhathi, ubuchopho buyakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi, "Yini into ebaluleke kakhulu njengamanje? Yini okufanele ngiyinake?"
• Ukulondoloza Ukuqaphela:Ukulala kudlala indima enkulu ekusigcineni siphapheme futhi siqaphile.
• Imisebenzi ehlobene nokuqonda kanye nenkumbulo: I-thalamus ixhunywe ohlelweni lwethu lwe-limbic . Lolu hlelo lwe-limbic luyingxenye ebalulekile yobuchopho bethu elawula imizwa yethu, yakha futhi igcine izinkumbulo, ihilelekile ekuvukeleni ngokocansi, futhi ihilelekile ekufundeni. Ngakho-ke i-thalamus nayo inegalelo kule misebenzi.
• Ukulawula Ukulala Nokuvuka: I-thalamus nayo ihilelekile ezintweni ezifana nomjikelezo wethu wokulala, ukusilalisa, nokusivusa.

Kalula nje, lobu buchopho obuncane busisiza ngasese ngezinto eziningi esizibonayo, esizizwayo, esizicabangayo, nesizikhumbulayo.

Isebenza kanjani i-thalamus?

Kulula kakhulu. Imiyalezo yezinzwa (okungukuthi ulwazi) evela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba wethu ihamba ngemicu yezinzwa , idlule ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zobuchopho, bese ekugcineni ifika ku-thalamus.

Ngaphakathi kwe-thalamus kunezindawo ezikhethekile ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-nuclei, esikhulume ngazo ekuqaleni. Ngayinye yalezi zi-nuclei inesibopho sokucubungula izinhlobo ezahlukene zemiyalezo yezinzwa noma ye-motor evela emzimbeni. Okungukuthi, i-nucleus eyodwa yemiyalezo evela emehlweni, kanti enye yemiyalezo evela ezindlebeni. La ma-nuclei akhetha ulwazi abalutholayo bese eluthumela ngemicu yezinzwa efanele endaweni efanele ye -cerebral cortex . Yilapho-ke lapho siqonda khona ulwazi ngendlela efanele futhi siluphendule.

Isibonelo, ake ucabange ubona imbali enhle. Lokho kukhanya kungena esweni lakho, bese kusuka lapho, ulwazi luhamba nge-optic nerve luye kuyi-visual nucleus ku-thalamus ("i-Lateral Geniculate Nucleus"). Lapho, ulwazi luyacutshungulwa futhi luthunyelwe kuyi-visual cortex yobuchopho. Yilapho-ke uqaphela khona ukuthi, "Wow, lena imbali enhle."

Ikuphi i-thalamus?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, i-thalamus itholakala ekujuleni kobuchopho. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, ngaphezu nje kwe-brainstem (ingxenye exhumanisa ubuchopho nomgogodla). Nakuba ibukeka njengesakhiwo esisodwa, empeleni kune-thalamus ezimbili, enye ingakwesokunene sobuchopho kanti enye ingakwesobunxele.

Ngenxa yokuthi itholakala endaweni ephakathi nendawo, njengoba nje izipoki zesondo lebhayisikili zisuka esizindeni esiphakathi ziye kuzo zonke izingxenye zesondo, imicu yezinzwa evela ku-thalamus ixhunywe cishe kuzo zonke izindawo ze-cerebral cortex yobuchopho.

Ngokwezokwelapha, i-thalamus iyingxenye ye -diencephalon , ehlanganisa ne-hypothalamus , i-subthalamus, kanye ne-epithalamus.

Kwenzekani uma i-thalamus yonakele?

Manje usuyaqonda ukuthi i-thalamus ibaluleke kangakanani nokuthi ingakanani umsebenzi. Ngakho-ke cabanga ukuthi hlobo luni lwezinkinga olungavela uma kwenzeka okuthile esikhungweni esikhulu kangaka. Eqinisweni, umonakalo ku-thalamus ungathinta imisebenzi eminingi.

Izimpawu ezingase zivele uma i-thalamus yonakele:

• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo (i-Amnesia): Ungase ube nobunzima bokukhumbula izinto ezintsha bese ukhohlwa izinto ezindala.
• Ukunganaki: Ungase ulahlekelwe yisithakazelo ezintweni owawuzijabulela.
• Ubunzima bokuqonda noma ukukhuluma ulimi (i-Aphasia): Ubunzima bokuqonda okushiwoyo, ukungakwazi ukwakha imisho ehambisanayo, kanye nokungaqondi kahle amagama ngezinye izikhathi.
• Ubunzima bokugcina ukunaka, ukungakwazi ukuhlala uphapheme: Kunzima ukugxila entweni eyodwa, futhi ungase uzizwe ulele ngaso sonke isikhathi.
• Ubunzima bokucubungula ulwazi lwezinzwa: Izinto ezifana nokuthinta, ubuhlungu, kanye nokushisa kungase kungezwakali kahle noma kungazwakala kungavamile.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokunyakaza: Ungase ulahlekelwe yibhalansi, uthuthumele, futhi ube nobunzima bokuhamba.
• Ukulala njalo: Ungase uzizwe ulele kakhulu, ngisho nasemini.
• Ubuhlungu obungapheli: Ubuhlungu obukhulu obuhambisana nomuzwa wokusha ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba, ikakhulukazi esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-Thalamic Pain Syndrome .

Izimo ezimbi kakhulu ezingase zenzeke ngenxa yomonakalo we-thalamus:

• Ukungazi lutho kanye ne-coma.
• Izinkinga zokulala: Izimo ezifana nokungalali . Ezimweni ezingavamile, isimo sofuzo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Fatal Familyal Insomnia singabangela ukungakwazi ukulala ngokuphelele ngisho nokufa.
• I-Thalamic aphasia: Isimo lapho amagama ephikiswa khona futhi inkulumo ingenamsebenzi.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokunyakaza: Izinto ezifana nokuthuthumela.
• Izimpawu zobuhlungu.
• Izinkinga zokubona: izinto ezifana nombono ofiphele, ukuzwela okukhulu ekukhanyeni.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko zomonakalo ku-thallus:

• Ukushaywa yi-thalamus: I-thalamus ingonakaliswa ukuvaleka noma ukuqhekeka komthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi ebuchosheni.
• Izimila ebuchosheni: Uma isimila sobuchopho sikhula eduze kobuchopho, singacindezela ubuchopho futhi sibangele umonakalo.

Yiziphi izimo ezithile ezithinta i-thalamus?

Kunezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezithinta ngqo ubende, noma eziwulimazi. Ezinye zazo yilezi:

• Ukungalali Komndeni Okubulalayo: Lesi yisifo esingavamile esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo esesikhulume ngaso kakade. Sibangelwa ukukhubazeka kohlobo lweprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-Prion . Abantu abanalesi sifo balahlekelwa ubuthongo kancane kancane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, baqala ukuba nokukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, ukwesaba, kanye nokubona izinto ezingekho. Ekugcineni, bahlangabezana nokulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla, ukwehla kwesisindo, i-dementia, kanye nokungakwazi ukukhuluma, okuholela ekufeni. Lesi yisimo esidabukisayo kakhulu.
• Isifo sikaCreutzfeldt-Jacob kanye nesifo sikaFabry: Kuzo zombili lezi zifo, i-MRI scan ikhombisa ushintsho ekujuleni kobuningi engxenyeni engemuva ye-thalamus. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "uphawu lwe-Pulvinar", oluyisibonakaliso esisiza ekuxilongeni lezi zifo.
• I-Korsakoff syndrome: Lesi yisimo esithinta kakhulu abantu abaphuza kakhulu. Silimaza isakhiwo ebuchosheni esibizwa ngokuthi i-mammillothalamic fasciculus , esixhunywe ne-thalamus. Lokhu kungaba nomthelela omkhulu enkumbulo.

Ingabe kukhona ukwelashwa okuhlose i-thalamus?

Yebo, kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa kuqondiswe ku-thalamus. Isibonelo, kubantu abanesifo sikaParkinson abangalawulwa ngokwanele ngemithi, ukwelashwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) kusetshenziselwa ukuqondisa i-Ventral Intermediate Nucleus ye-thalamus. Lokhu kungasiza ukulawula izimpawu zesifo sikaParkinson, njengokuthuthumela.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule

Ngakho-ke, le thalamus esikhulume ngayo namuhla iyisisebenzi esithule kakhulu, kodwa esinamandla kakhulu ebuchosheni bethu.

Yisikhungo esiyinhloko esisabalalisa imiyalezo yezinzwa (iphunga) kanye nemizwa evela emzimbeni wethu iye ebuchosheni bonke. Kufana nehhovisi elikhulu leposi!

• Uyasisiza ukuba sisebenze kahle ngezinzwa zethu zokubona, zokuzwa, zokunambitha nezokuthinta.
• Uma sithutha, kuthwala imiyalezo efanele.
• Futhi inokuxhumana nezinto ezifana nokunaka kwethu, ukuqaphela, ukulala, inkumbulo, kanye nemizwa.

Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona umonakalo ku-thalamus, ungathinta izinto eziningi empilweni yethu. Uma uzizwa sengathi unezinye zezimpawu ezishiwo kulesi sihloko, sicela ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha . Ngoba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola imbangela nokuyiphatha ngokushesha okukhulu.

I-thalamus iyisitho esimangalisayo ngempela, akunjalo? Kuyamangalisa ukucabanga ngokuthi ingxenye ngayinye encane yomzimba wethu yenza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile!

I- Thalamus, ubuchopho, isimiso sezinzwa, imizwa, ukunyakaza, inkumbulo, ukulala, izifo zobuchopho