Ingabe nawe ukhathazekile ngesifo sofuba (TB)? Woza, ake sixoxe ngokuhlolwa kwesifo sofuba!

Isifo sofuba, noma i-TB njengoba sonke siyazi, yisifo abantu abaningi abake bezwa ngaso, futhi siyesabeka kancane. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-TB kuwukuhlolwa okwenziwa ukuthola ukuthi unalesi sifo noma cha. Ukuze kube sobala, kuhlola ukuthi ngabe amagciwane abangela isifo sofuba, okungukuthi, igciwane `(Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex)`, angene emzimbeni wakho. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa, kulungile?

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuhlolwa kwe-TB ezikhona?

Bheka manje, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa kwe-TB. Cishe nawe uke wezwa ngazo.

1. Ukuhlolwa Kwesikhumba: Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "ukuhlolwa kwe-Mantoux" noma "ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba se-tuberculin (TST)". Lokhu ukuhlolwa okusetshenziswa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala.

2. Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-Interferon-Gamma Release Assay - IGRA". Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kusetshenziswa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kubasebenzi bezempilo, abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka (okungukuthi labo imizimba yabo engakwazi ukulwa nezifo), noma labo abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka ngemithi ethile.

Kodwa kukhona into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uyikhumbule lapha. Noma yikuphi kwalokhu kuhlolwa okubili kukutshela kuphela ukuthi wake waba negciwane le-TB emzimbeni wakho. Okusho ukuthi, lokhu kuhlolwa akukwazi ukusho ngqo ukuthi igciwane lilele (licashile) emzimbeni wakho noma liyasebenza (liyasebenza) futhi libangela lesi sifo. Ukuze wazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi une-TB esebenzayo, kuzodingeka wenze ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe njenge-X-ray yesifuba kanye nokuhlolwa kwesikhwehlela.

Ubani okudingeka ahlolelwe i-TB?

Manje ungase ucabange, "Ingabe nami ngidinga ukwenza lokhu?" Odokotela bavame ukuncoma ukuhlolwa kwe-TB ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• Uma unezimpawu zesifo sofuba esisebenzayo (isib. ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, ubuhlungu besifuba, umkhuhlane wakusihlwa, ukwehla kwesisindo, ukukhathala).
• Uma usengozini enkulu yokuthola i-TB , lokhu kusho ukuthi:
• Uma ungumsebenzi wezempilo (umuntu ovame ukuxhumana neziguli, njengodokotela noma umhlengikazi).
• Uma uhlala noma usebenza endaweni lapho i-TB ivame khona, njengezindawo zokuhlala, izindawo zokunakekela asebekhulile, noma amajele.
• Uma usanda kuxhumana eduze nesiguli esinesifo sofuba esisebenzayo .
• Uma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka, kungaba ngenxa yesinye isifo noma imithi oyiphuzayo.
• Uma usanda kuya ezweni lapho isifo sofuba sivame khona (isib., kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia, kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika), kufanele nakanjani utshele udokotela wakho uma uke waya ezweni elinjalo.
• Ngezinye izikhathi, uma uqala umsebenzi omusha (ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana nezikhungo zokunakekela izingane kanye nezibhedlela), kudingeka ukuthi wenze lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-TB.

Kufanele ngihlolelwe i-TB kangaki?

Lokhu kuhlukile kumuntu ngamunye. Kuya ngokuthi usengozini engakanani yokuthola isifo sofuba.

• Uma usengozini enkulu (njengoba kushiwo ngenhla), udokotela wakho cishe uzoncoma ukuthi wenze lokhu kuhlolwa okungenani kanye ngonyaka.
• Uma ubungozi bakho buphansi , kungadingeka ukuthi ukwenze lokhu kanye njalo eminyakeni embalwa.

Kodwa-ke, iseluleko esingcono kakhulu ngalokhu sivela kudokotela womndeni wakho, ngakho-ke kuwukuhlakanipha ukumbuza .

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-TB kusebenza kanjani? Kulula kakhulu!

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwesikhumba, noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kumane kubheka indlela amasosha omzimba wakho asabela ngayo ezingxenyeni ezithile (sibiza lawa ngokuthi "ama-antigen" - "ama-antigen" yinoma yini umzimba wethu ongayiboni futhi ngenxa yalokho uzama ukuyilwa nayo) kumagciwane abangela isifo sofuba ('Mycobacterium tuberculosis'). Kufana nokuzivikela komzimba wethu okuzwakala njengesixwayiso lapho isitha sisondela.

Indlela Ukuhlolwa Kwesikhumba Se-TB Okusebenza Ngayo

Yilokhu okwenzekayo:

Udokotela noma umhlengikazi oqeqeshiwe uzofaka inani elincane kakhulu lesisombululo esikhethekile seprotheyini (esibizwa ngokuthi i-PPD - i-purified protein derivative) esenziwe ngebhaktheriya i-Mycobacterium tuberculosis, ngaphansi kwesikhumba ngaphambili kwengalo yakho.

Akukho okufanele ukwesabe lapha! Le `(PPD)` ayilona igciwane eliphilayo. Ngakho-ke, ngeke ikubangele ukuthi uthole i-TB.

Ngakho-ke, uma uke wavezwa yigciwane le-TB ngaphambili, isikhumba sakho sizosabela kule "(PPD)". Zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, indawo lapho umuthi ufakwe khona izoba bomvu, iqine kancane, bese kuvela iqhubu elincane.

Indlela Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi Kwe-TB Okusebenza Ngayo

Yilokhu okwenzekayo:

Kuthathwa isampula yegazi kuwe bese ithunyelwa elabhorethri. Elabhorethri, amanye amangqamuzana amhlophe egazini lakho (lawa yiwo alwa nezifo emizimbeni yethu) axutshwa `(ama-antigen)` ashiwo ngenhla avela kubhaktheriya `i-Mycobacterium tuberculosis`.

Uma uke watheleleka nge-TB ngaphambili, amangqamuzana akho amhlophe egazi akhipha iphrotheni ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma).

Abasebenzi belebhu balinganisa lokhu kusabela besebenzisa indlela ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi "i-immunoassay." Umphumela ube usubikwa njengo "ongemuhle" (okusho ukuthi akukho ukutheleleka), "okuhle" (okusho ukuthi kungase kube nokutheleleka), noma "okungacaci" (okusho ukuthi umphumela awucacile futhi awuqiniseki).

Yini ongayilindela ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa?

Indlela lezi zivivinyo ezimbili ezenziwa ngayo ihlukile kancane. Ake sibone ukuthi kuhamba kanjani.

Indlela yokwenza ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba se-TB

Kuzodingeka ubone udokotela noma umhlengikazi kabili, mhlawumbe kathathu, ukuze uthole lolu vivinyo lwesikhumba.

Ukuvakasha Kokuqala:

• Udokotela noma umhlengikazi uzohlanza kahle isikhumba esingaphambili kwengalo yakho (ngaphansi kwendololwane, ngaphakathi).
• Ngemuva kwalokho, uketshezi lwe-``(tuberculin)`` noma lwe-``(PPD)`` lufakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba ngenaliti encane kakhulu.
• Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela uzodweba indilinga ngepeni lapho kwenziwa khona umjovo. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukuthola indawo uma uyibheka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
• Kuzovela i-blister encane lapho umuthi ujovwe khona. Izophela yodwa emahoreni ambalwa. Akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho.

Ngemuva kwalokho uzotshelwa ukuthi ubuye emahoreni angu-48 kuya kwangu-72 (okungukuthi, ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezintathu). Lokhu kwenzelwa ukubona ukuthi isikhumba sibe nokusabela okunjani lapho kujovwe khona umuthi. Uma kukhona ukuvuvukala, ukubomvu, noma ukuqaqamba lapho, kungabonisa ukutheleleka nge-TB.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuya ngesikhathi kulokhu okwesibili! Ngoba uma ungahambi zingakapheli amahora angu-72, kungase kudingeke uphinde ubhale lonke isivivinyo. Ngakho khumbula ukuya ngesikhathi.

Enye into ukuthi kubantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka kakhulu, noma labo abanezimo ezithile zesikhumba, kunethuba elincane lokuthi imiphumela yalokhu kuhlolwa kwesikhumba ingase ingabi nembe kakhulu noma ingathembeki.

Indlela yokuhlola igazi le-TB

Lena yindlela evamile yokunikela ngegazi.

• Njengoba uhleli esihlalweni, udokotela we-phlebotomist (obizwa nangokuthi i-phlebotomist) uzofuna umthambo engalweni yakho okulula ukukhipha kuwo igazi. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngaphezu nje kwendololwane, ngaphakathi kwengalo yakho.
• Uma kutholakala umthambo, indawo iyahlanzwa kahle.
• Ngemuva kwalokho, kufakwa inaliti encane emthanjeni bese kukhishwa igazi elincane. Kuleli qophelo, uzozwa ukuhlaba okuncane kakhulu, njengokulunywa yintuthwane.
• Ngemva kokufaka inaliti, igazi elincane liqoqwa epayipini lokuhlola.
• Ngemva kokuthathwa kwegazi elidingekayo ekuhlolweni, inaliti iyasuswa, indawo icindezelwa ngocezu lukakotini noma i-gauze isikhashana, bese kufakwa i-plaster. Yilokho kuphela!
• Konke lokhu kuvame ukuthatha imizuzu engaphansi kwemi-5.

Ngemva kokuthathwa kwesampula yegazi, lithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze lihlolwe. Uma imiphumela isifikile, udokotela wakho uzokuchazela yona.

Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-TB kuyalimaza?

Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abayesabayo.

• Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesikhumba nokuhlolwa kwegazi, ungase uzwe ukuhlaba okuncane (njengokuhlaba kwentuthwane) lapho inaliti ishaya isikhumba. Kodwa kuhlala imizuzwana embalwa kuphela.
• Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesikhumba, akukho ukusha noma okunye ukungakhululeki okubangelwa uketshezi olufakwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba.

Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi evela kulezi zivivinyo ze-TB?

Lona futhi umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo. Ngenhlanhla, imiphumela emibi kakhulu evela kulezi zivivinyo ze-TB ayivamile kakhulu.

• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba: Ngaphezu kokuzwa umuzwa omncane wokuhlaba lapho inaliti ifakwa, abanye abantu bangase babe nokushintsha kombala okuncane, ukuvuvukala okuncane, kanye nobuhlungu obuncane endaweni yokujova. Lokhu kuvame ukunyamalala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi:Indawo lapho igazi likhishwe khona ingase ibe buhlungu kancane futhi ingase ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kancane. Lokhu kuzobuyela esimweni esijwayelekile ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili.

Iyini imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-TB?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo ithini nokuthi zithini.

Umphumela ungaba `ongemuhle` (okusho ukuthi "cha") noma `ohle` (okusho ukuthi "yebo").

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule yile: Lezi zivivinyo zibonisa kuphela ukuthi uke wavezwa yini yigciwane le-TB, okusho ukuthi selingene emzimbeni wakho. Azikwazi ukubona ukuthi yisifo esisebenzayo noma isifo esicashile.

Okunye, uma uke wagomela i-BCG (umuthi wokugomela ovikela isifo sofuba) useyingane, ngezinye izikhathi umphumela wokuhlolwa kwesikhumba ungaba nomphumela ongemuhle. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umphumela ongemuhle. Ngakho-ke uma uke wagomela i-BCG, tshela udokotela wakho .

Kuthiwani uma ukuhlolwa kwe-TB kutholakala ukuthi kunegciwane?

Uma imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa kwe-TB ibuya ithi 'ilungile', kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi usuthelelekile ngamagciwane abangela isifo sofuba .

Ngalesi sikhathi, udokotela wakho uzo-oda ezinye izivivinyo ukuze athole ukuthi unesifo se-TB esisebenzayo noma esilele. Lezi zivivinyo ezengeziwe zingafaka i-X-ray yesifuba kanye nesampula yesikhwehlela. Isikhwehlela lapha akusona isikhwehlela esivamile esivela emphinjeni, kodwa isikhwehlela esijiyile esivela emaphashini.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi une-TB ecashile noma i-TB esebenzayo, udinga ngempela ukuthola ukwelashwa kwayo.

Kuthiwani uma ukuhlolwa kwe-TB kungazange kubonise ukuthi unegciwane?

Uma umphumela wakho wokuhlolwa kwe-TB 'ungemuhle', kusho ukuthi cishe awuzange uvezwe kumagciwane e-TB . Ekuhlolweni kwesikhumba, 'ungemuhle' kusho ukuthi bekungekho ukusabela kwesikhumba (ukubomvu, ukuvuvukala) lapho umuthi ujovwe khona.

Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho noma umphumela 'ungemuhle', uma unezimpawu ze-TB (njengokukhwehlela, umkhuhlane), udokotela wakho angase aphenye kabanzi.

Ngizowazi nini umbiko wokuhlolwa kwe-TB?

• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kuthatha amahora angama-48 kuya kwangama-72 ukuqeda. Ngakho-ke, uma uya kudokotela okwesibili, udokotela uzokwazi ukukutshela khona lapho ngokubheka ukusabela esikhumbeni sakho ukuthi unesifo se-TB noma cha.
• Umbiko wokuhlolwa kwegazi uvame ukutholakala phakathi nosuku olulodwa kuya kwezimbili. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kungathatha isikhathi eside kuye ngomthwalo womsebenzi welebhu.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-TB okune-positive kubonakala kanjani (ekuhlolweni kwesikhumba)?

Umphumela "obonisa ukuthi umuthi ukhona" ekuhlolweni kwesikhumba usho ukuthi indawo lapho umuthi ufakwe khona iqinile, njengeqhubu elibomvu . Udokotela ulinganisa ubude beqhubu ngamamilimitha.

Lapha, udokotela uzocabangela ezinye izici zakho eziyingozi (isib., ukuthi ungumsebenzi wezempilo noma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka) ukuze anqume umphumela. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kubhekwa 'njengokuqinisekile' uma kungaphakathi kwalezi zigaba:

• Amamilimitha angu-5 (`mm`) noma ngaphezulu futhi unesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka (isib., umuntu one-HIV, umuntu oke wafakelwa isitho somzimba, umuntu ophuza imithi ethile).
• Amamilimitha ayi-10 (`mm`) noma ngaphansi futhi ungumsebenzi wezempilo, noma umuntu osanda kubuya ezweni lapho i-TB ivame khona, umuntu othola imithi ejovwayo, noma ingane engaphansi kweminyaka engu-4 ubudala.
• Amamilimitha angu-15 (`mm`) noma ngaphansi futhi awunazo ezinye izici eziqondile ezingabangela isifo sofuba.

Ngisho noma ubona ukuvuvukala nokubomvu esandleni sakho ngemva kwamahora angu-48-72 bese uzitshela ukuthi, "O, lokhu kumele kube kuhle/kubi," kusabalulekile kakhulu ukuya kudokotela ukubonise. Udokotela nguye ozoyibheka kahle, ayilinganise, anqume ukuthi yimuphi umphumela ofanele, bese eyibhala phansi.

Kufanele ngikhulume nini nodokotela wami ngesifo sofuba?

Udinga ukuqaphela kancane ngalezi zinto:

• Uma unezimpawu zesifo sofuba (isib. ukukhwehlela okuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, ngezinye izikhathi igazi liphuma emphinjeni, ubuhlungu besifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumula, umkhuhlane oza kusihlwa, ukujuluka ebusuku, ukwehla kwesisindo, ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla, ukukhathala okukhulu ),
• Noma uma ucabanga ukuthi uke waxhumana eduze nesiguli esinesifo sofuba esisebenzayo ,

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela nokufuna iseluleko ngokushesha okukhulu, ngaphandle kokulibala.

Isifo sofuba yisifo esingabulala uma singelashwa kahle. Kodwa, ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi, uma uthatha ama-antibiotic njengoba nje uyalelwe, isikhathi esifanele, amacala amaningi ofuba angelapheka ngokuphelele.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi une-TB esebenzayo noma i-TB efihliwe, kokubili kudinga ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo zemithi enikezwayo kanye nobude besikhathi semithi enikezwayo kuhlukile kulezi zimo ezimbili.

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

Kulungile, kusukela kulokho esisanda kukhuluma ngakho, lezi yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-TB kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yomphakathi ezweni lethu nasemhlabeni jikelele, njengoba kusiza ekutholeni lesi sifo kusenesikhathi nokulawula ukusabalala kwaso.
• Isifo sofuba singabulala futhi singasakazeka kalula sisuka komunye umuntu siye komunye ngomoya. Ngakho-ke, uma unezimpawu, noma uma useqenjini elisengozini enkulu, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuhlolwa.
• Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa isifikile, udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo nokuthi ngabe kudingeka yini ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
• Ungesabi lutho. Buza udokotela noma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukungabaza onakho. Odokotela nabahlengikazi bakhona ukukusiza. Bazokuchazela konke.

Kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale uphilile!

Isifo Sofuba, ukuhlolwa kwe-TB, ukuhlolwa kwe-TB, ukuhlolwa kwe-Mantoux, i-TST, i-IGRA, izimpawu ze-TB, ukwelashwa kwe-TB, i-PPD, i-Interferon-Gamma Release Assay