Ake sithole ukuthi injani ngempela i-urethra yakho.

Sonke siyazi ukuthi kunezingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba wethu, ngayinye enomsebenzi wayo okhethekile. Sivame ukukhuluma ngezitho ezithile, isibonelo, inhliziyo, amaphaphu, nezinso. Kodwa kunezinye izitho esingazicabangi noma esingazikhulumi kakhulu. Kodwa imisebenzi eziyenzayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokufanayo, ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu, kodwa engakhulunywa kakhulu ngayo ohlelweni lomchamo lomzimba wethu yi-urethra. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngale urethra, noma njengoba ibizwa ngesiNgisi, `(Urethra)`, ngokuningiliziwe nangokulula.

Iyini i-urethra? Kalula nje...

Cabanga ngakho njengepayipi elincane. Leli payipi lithwala umchamo lisuka kwesinyeni sakho liye ngaphandle komzimba wakho. Uma uyindoda, i-urethra yakho inde kancane. Idlula ngendlala ye-prostate bese ivuleka ngepenisi. Kodwa uma ungowesifazane, i-urethra yakho imfushane kakhulu kuneyendoda. Itholakala phambi kwesinye kanye nesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Kalula nje, i-urethra iyindlela lapho umchamo uphuma khona.

Uyini umsebenzi womgudu womchamo? Kwenzekani kuwo?

Umgudu womchamo uyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwethu lomchamo. Lolu hlelo lomchamo lwakhiwe yizinso ezimbili, isinyi, i-ureter, kanye ne-urethra. Cabanga ngakho kanje. 1. Okokuqala, izinso zethu zihlanza igazi lethu futhi zenze imfucuza engafuneki ekulo ibe umchamo. 2. Ngemuva kwalokho, umchamo okhiqizwa yizinso uhamba ngamapayipi amabili abizwa ngokuthi ama-ureter bese uphelela esinyeni. Isinyi sinjengesikhwama esincane esingabamba umchamo isikhashana. 3. Uma udinga ukuchama, umchamo osesinyeni uphuma emzimbeni nge-urethra. Ngakho-ke ungabona, ngaphandle kwe-urethra, besingeke sibe nendlela yokukhipha umchamo okhiqizwa emzimbeni. Yingakho wenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu. Imbobo ekugcineni kwe-urethra evulekela ngaphandle komzimba ibizwa ngokuthi "i-Urethral meatus." Igama elithi "Meatus" ngokuvamile libhekisela kunoma yimuphi umbobo osuka ngaphakathi komzimba uye ngaphandle.

Uphi umgudu womchamo? Wakheka kanjani?

I-urethra itholakala esifundeni se-pelvic somzimba wethu. Okusho ukuthi, engxenyeni engezansi kwesisu. Akuyona nje ipayipi. Izindonga zayo zincane, kodwa zenziwe ngezinhlobo ezikhethekile zezicubu. Isibonelo, yakhiwe ngezicubu ze-epithelial, amangqamuzana emisipha abushelelezi, kanye nezicubu ezixhumeneyo. Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ye-urethra yi -sphincters . Lezi zisebenza njengama-valve. Okusho ukuthi, zingavula futhi zivale uma kudingeka. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-sphincters:

• Umchamo wangaphakathiI-sphincter yangaphakathi ye-urethra: Lokhu kutholakala emnyango we -urethra ovela kwesinyeni. Akuyona into esiyilawula ngamabomu, isebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo.
• I-sphincter yangaphandle ye-urethra: Lokhu kutholakala phakathi kwemisipha engezansi kwe-pelvic cavity (phansi kwe-pelvic). Singakwazi ukulawula lokhu ngezinga elithile. Yilokhu okusisiza ukuthi siyeke ukugeleza komchamo esimweni esiphuthumayo.

Le misipha emibili, kanye nesinye, isebenza ndawonye ukukhipha umchamo emzimbeni.

Ingakanani i-urethra?

Lokhu kuyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi uyindoda noma ungowesifazane.

• I-urethra yabesifazane ivame ukuba ngamasentimitha angu-3-4 ubude. Yingakho abesifazane benamathuba amancane okuthola izifo zomgudu womchamo (UTIs) kunabesilisa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amagciwane aqhelelene kakhulu nokuya esinyeni .
• I-urethra yesilisa inde kakhulu, ilinganiselwa kumasentimitha angu-20 ubude.

Kunezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-urethra yabesilisa: 1. I-urethra ye-prostate: Le ngxenye idlula endlaleni ye-prostate. Uma isidoda sikhishwa, sithwala uketshezi lwesidoda futhi sisiza ekwenzeni isidoda. 2. I-urethra ye-Membranous: Lena yingxenye emfushane kakhulu. Isiza ukuthwala uketshezi phansi kwe-pelvic. 3. I-urethra ye-penile: Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-urethra ene-spongy kanye ne-cavernous urethra. Lena yingxenye ende kunazo zonke ye-urethra. Lokhu kuyaqhubeka nokwandisa lonke ipipi, kuphele "e-urethral meatus" esikhulume ngayo ekuqaleni, okungukuthi, imbobo evuleka emzimbeni.

Yiziphi izifo ezivame ukuhlasela umgudu womchamo?

Eqinisweni, izinkinga zomgudu womchamo zivame kakhulu kwabesilisa. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi i-urethra yabesilisa inde futhi inesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Ake sibheke ezinye zezinkinga ezivame kakhulu.

• Ukutheleleka Kwendlela Yomchamo (UTIs): Lokhu kuvame kakhulu. Ukutheleleka kungavela noma kuphi ohlelweni lomchamo, okuhlanganisa ne-urethra. Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho kufakwa i -catheter yomchamo, ukutheleleka kwendlela yomchamo okuhlobene ne-catheter (CAUTIs) kungavela.
• I-Urethritis :Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-urethra iyavuvukala noma ivuvuke. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kubangelwa ukutheleleka. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungabangelwa isifo esithathelwana ngocansi esibizwa ngokuthi i-gonorrhea . I-urethritis ebangelwa ezinye izimbangela ngaphandle kwe-gonorrhea ibizwa nangokuthi i-nongonococcal urethritis ( NGU ).
• Ukuqina komchamo: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho kuvela izibazi emgudwini womchamo, okuvimba ukudlula komchamo kuwo. Lokhu kungabangela ukuvuvukala komchamo, izifo, ubuhlungu lapho uchama, kanye nokungakwazi ukukhipha isinye.
• I-genitourinary vaginal fistulas: Lesi yisimo esingaba khona kwabesifazane. Yilapho kwakheka khona imbobo engavamile phakathi kohlelo lomchamo, isitho sangasese sowesifazane, noma isibeletho.
• Ukulimala noma ukulimala kwe-urethra: Lokhu kungabangelwa izingozi, ukulimala okungapheli, noma umuntu ozama ukufaka okuthile ku-urethra. Lokhu kungabangela ukuklwebheka kanye nokuvuza komchamo ezicutshini ezizungezile.
• Umdlavuza womchamo: Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile kakhulu.

Izinkinga ezingase zivele ngenxa yalokhu

Uma umgudu womchamo wonakele, kungaholela ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo:

• Ukutheleleka okuvamile
• Ukopha
• Ukuncishiswa kwe-urethra (Strictures)
• Ukungakwazi ukuzibamba komchamo
• Kwabesilisa, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile

Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile zezifo zomgudu womchamo?

Uma unezinkinga ngomgudu wakho womchamo, ungase ube nezimpawu ezinjengalezi. Kufanele wazi ngazo.

• Ubuhlungu noma ubunzima bokuchama (i-Dysuria) noma ukungakwazi nhlobo ukuchama.
• Igazi emchameni (i-Hematuria).
• Ukuphuma okungavamile kwe-urethra.

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko, ngoba ukuzishaya indiva kungenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuhlola impilo yomgudu womchamo?

Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi unenkinga yomgudu womchamo, angenza izivivinyo eziningana, njengokuthi:

• Ukuhlolwa komchamo: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula yomchamo wakho bese uwuhlola elabhorethri. Kungabheka izinto ezifana nezifo kanye negazi.
• I-Cystoscopy:Kulokhu, udokotela ufaka ithubhu elincane elifakwe ikhamera (i-cystoscope) e-urethra ukuze abheke ngaphakathi kwe-urethra kanye nesinye. Lokhu kungasiza ekuhloleni noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka.
• Ama-X-ray kanye/noma ama-ultrasound: Lezi zivivinyo zokuthwebula izithombe zingabheka amathambo nezicubu ezithambile. I-ultrasound ingabheka izinso kanye nesinye.
• Ukuhlaziya i-urethrography: Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka into ekhethekile (i-contrast agent) ku-urethra bese uthatha i-X-ray. Lokhu kusiza ukubona ukuma kwe-urethra, noma yikuphi ukuncipha, njll.
• I-voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG): Lokhu kuhlolwa kusebenzisa into ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-contrast agent. Kwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuthi kwenzekani uma isinye sakho sigcwala bese kuba yilapho uchama.

Lezi zivivinyo ziwusizo olukhulu kudokotela wakho ekutholeni isimo sakho esiqondile.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izifo zomgudu womchamo?

Uma kutholakala ukuthi unesifo somgudu womchamo, ukwelashwa kuzoncika esimweni onaso. Ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi lezi zindlela zokwelapha.

Imithi

• Uma unesifo , udokotela wakho uzokunika imithi yokubulala lesi sifo, njengama-antibiotic.
• Ezimweni ezifana nomdlavuza we-urethra, imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali inganikezwa.

Izinqubo Zezokwelapha

Izifo eziningi zomgudu womchamo kufanele zelashwe ngezindlela ezahlukene zezokwelapha.

• Ukwandisa: Kule nqubo, udokotela usebenzisa i-cystoscope kanye nedivayisi efana nebhaluni ukuze andise i-urethra encishisiwe.
• Ukususwa kwe-Urethrotomy: Nalapha, udokotela usebenzisa i-cystoscope kanye nethuluzi lokusika ukuze asike indawo efana nendandatho yezicubu zesilonda esezivimbekile.
• Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwe-urethroplasty noma i-urethral: Lokhu kuyindlela yokuhlinzwa eyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Kule nqubo, udokotela uthatha izicubu kwenye ingxenye yomzimba wakho bese ezisebenzisa ukudala i-urethra entsha noma ukulungisa ekhona.
• Ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe izimila: Lokhu kuyadingeka ezimweni ezifana nomdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Yiziphi ezinye izinto ezilula esingazenza ukuze sigcine umgudu womchamo uphilile?

Kunezinto ezimbalwa ezilula esingazenza ukuze sigcine umgudu wethu womchamo kanye nohlelo lonke lomchamo luphilile. Uma sikwenza lokhu umkhuba, singagwema izinkinga eziningi.

• Phuza amanzi amaningi:Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphuza amanzi anele ngosuku. Lokhu kuzosiza ekuhlanzeni uhlelo lomchamo.
• Gwema ukubhema nemikhiqizo kagwayi: Lokhu akugcini nje ngokulimaza uhlelo lomchamo, kodwa nomzimba wonke.
• Nciphisa ukuphuza kwakho utshwala ne-caffeine (njengetiye nekhofi): Lokhu kuvuselela isinyi, okubangela ukuthi udinge ukuchama kaningi.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo esikufanele: Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kungaba nomthelela ezinkingeni zomgudu womchamo.
• Ukuzivocavoca njalo: Lokhu kuthuthukisa impilo iyonke kanye nokusebenza kohlelo lomchamo.
• Gwema ukuqunjelwa: Ukuqunjelwa kungacindezela esinyeni futhi kubangele ubunzima bokuchama.
• Ungabambi umchamo wakho: Uma uzizwa udinga ukuchama, vele uchame ngokushesha.
• Khulula isinyi sakho ngokuphelele uma uchama.
• Ukuchama ngemva kocansi: Lokhu kusiza ekukhipheni noma yimaphi amagciwane okungenzeka ukuthi angene emgudwini womchamo, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane.
• Uma uhlanza ngemva kokuya endlini yokugezela, sula kusukela phambili kuya emuva: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu nakwabesifazane ukuvimbela izifo.
• Khetha izingubo zangaphansi ezenziwe ngokotini: Izindwangu zokwenziwa zingabamba umjuluko futhi zibangele ukukhula kwamagciwane.
• Ungagqoki izingubo eziqinile (njengebhulukwe).
• Uma udlala imidlalo, sebenzisa izingubo zokuzivikela (isb., i-jockstrap).

Uma unezinkinga zomchamo njalo, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngemithi, ukudla, kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela inzalo ozithathayo. Eminye imithi kanye nokudla kungathinta nesistimu yomchamo.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Ngakho-ke, i-urethra iyisitho esincane kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu esisisiza ukususa imfucuza emzimbeni wethu, umchamo. Nakuba singenakuqinisekisa ukuthi izoba nempilo engu-100%, singayisiza ngezinto ezilula njengokuphuza amanzi amaningi nsuku zonke nokunciphisa i-caffeine notshwala. Uma uzwa ubuhlungu lapho uchama, noma uma ubona igazi emchameni wakho, ungacabangi ukuthi kuyinto evamile. Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ngoba lapho lesi sifo sitholakala ngokushesha, kulula ukwelapha, futhi mancane amathuba okuba nezinkinga. Nguwe okufanele unakekele kakhulu impilo yakho. Umgudu womchamo, i-Urethra, Uhlelo lomchamo, Ukutheleleka komchamo, i-UTI, Izimpawu zomchamo, Isinye, Izinso