Uyazi ngale mithambo ebalulekile entanyeni yakho? (Imithambo ye-Jugular) Ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

Wake wazibuza ngenethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi egijima kusukela ekhanda lethu iye esifubeni sethu, futhi efeza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu? Leyo yimithambo yegazi yegazi. Lena ifana nemigwaqo emikhulu ethwala igazi elisetshenzisiwe lisuka ekhanda lethu libuyele enhliziyweni yethu. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizoxoxa ngale mithambo yegazi yegazi, ukubaluleka kwayo, izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngayo, nokuthi singayigcina kanjani iphilile.

Ziyini imithambo ye-jugular? Zikuphi?

Kalula nje, umthambo we-jugular uwuhlelo olukhulu lwemithambo yegazi oluqala ekhanda lethu luye esifubeni sethu esingaphezulu. Ngokuvamile kuba nezimbili ezintathu zalezi, okwenza kube nemithambo eyisithupha iyonke. Ngayinye yalezi iqoqa igazi ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zekhanda bese ilibuyisela enhliziyweni. Manje ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini lezi zinhlobo zemithambo nokuthi zitholakala kuphi.

• Imithambo ye-jugular yangaphandle: Lena yimithambo ethwala igazi lisuka ngaphandle kwekhanda lethu. Cabanga ngayo njengemithambo ebizwa ngokuthi imithambo ye-occipital ngemuva kwekhanda lethu futhi yehla ohlangothini ngalunye lomgogodla wethu. Igama elithi "ngaphandle" lisho ukuthi itholakala phakathi kwamaqembu amakhulu emisipha yentamo nesikhumba, okusho ukuthi iseduze kancane nesikhumba.
• Imithambo ye-jugular yangaphakathi: Le mithambo mikhulu kancane kunemithambo yangaphandle okukhulunywe ngayo ekuqaleni. Le mithambo isiza ekubuyiseleni igazi elivela ebuchosheni esifubeni. Iqala ngaphakathi kwekhanda lethu. Bese, njengemithambo yangaphandle, yehla ngomgogodla nhlangothi zombili. Kodwa umehluko omkhulu ukuthi itholakala ngaphansi kwemisipha emikhulu yentamo, okusho ukuthi ijule kancane ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Umthambo we-jugular wangaphakathi ohlangothini lwesokudla mkhulu kancane kunowesobunxele, ngakho odokotela bawusebenzisa kaningi ukufaka umugqa we-IV.
• Imithambo ye-jugular yangaphambili: Lena yimithambo emincane kakhulu ye-jugular. Yomibili itholakala ngaphambili kwentamo, kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zomphimbo wethu.

Iyiphi inzuzo le mithambo enayo emizimbeni yethu?

Ubuwazi ukuthi ubuchopho bethu budinga umoya-mpilo? Cabanga nje, yize ubuchopho bomuntu obujwayelekile bunesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-1.4, u-15% kuya ku-20% kuphela wegazi elimpontshelwa yinhliziyo yethu eliya ebuchosheni! Futhi, ezinye izingxenye zekhanda, njengobuso bethu, isikhumba sekhanda, nezindlebe, nazo zidinga ukujikeleza kwegazi okuhle ngezizathu ezahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokuba leli gazi selinikeze umoya-mpilo ebuchosheni nakwezinye izingxenye zekhanda, lelo gazi kudingeka libuyele enhliziyweni ukuze lenze indawo yegazi elisha. Yilokho okwenziwa yile mithambo ye-jugular. Kungenxa yale mithambo ukuthi igazi ligeleza kahle futhi ngokuqhubekayo liye ebuchosheni nakwezinye izingxenye zekhanda.

Kubaluleke kakhulu, akunjalo? Njengemigwaqo emikhulu edolobheni, ngaphandle kwale mithambo yegazi, ukugeleza kwegazi kungaphazamiseka.

Imithambo ye-jugular ixhumene kanjani?

Ngemva kokuba lo mthambo we-jugular udlule entanyeni, uxhumeka komunye umthambo omkhulu. Ake sibone ukuthi kanjani:

• Ingaphandle: Umthambo we-jugular wangaphandle uxhunywe kumthambo we-subclavian. Umthambo we-subclavian usho ukuthi "ngaphansi kwe-clavicle." I-clavicle yingxenye yamathambo ethu e-collarbone.
• Umthambo Wangaphakathi: Umthambo wangaphakathi we-jugular uphinde ujoyine umthambo we-subclavian ngaphansi kwe-collarbone yethu. Uma usuhlangene, uba "umthambo we-brachiocephalic." Igama lisho ukuthi "ohlobene nengalo nekhanda."
• Imithambo engaphambili: Le ihlangana nemithambo engaphandle ye-jugular.

Ekugcineni, le mithambo emibili ye-brachiocephalic ihlangana ngezansi nje lapho intamo yethu ihlangana khona nesifuba sethu ukuze yakhe umthambo owodwa omkhulu. Ubizwa ngokuthi "i-vena cava ephezulu." Lona omunye wemithambo emikhulu emzimbeni wethu. Lonke igazi elivela ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zomzimba wethu liyiswa emuva enhliziyweni ngalo mthambo.

Yiziphi izifo ezivamile ezingathinta lesi simiso sezinzwa?

Nakuba zingekho izifo eziningi ezithinta ngqo umthambo we-jugular, ezinye izimo zingawuthinta.

• I-Aneurysm : Lokhu kuwubuthakathaka odongeni lomthambo wegazi, okubangela ukuba ingxenye yomthambo iqhume ngaphandle njengebhaluni. Uma lokhu kuqhuma kuqhuma noma kuqhuma, ukuphuma kwegazi okukhulu kungavela futhi kungaba yingozi empilweni.
• Isifo Sikashukela : Nakuba isifo sikashukela singayithinti ngqo imithambo ye-jugular, imithambo ye-jugular yangaphakathi iyindawo evamile yokufaka umugqa we-IV noma i-cannula (ithubhu elincane elisetshenziselwa ukunikeza imithi). Lokhu kungenzeka ikakhulukazi uma umuntu edinga i-dialysis ( i-blood dialysis ).
• I-Stenosis: Lokhu ukuncipha noma ukuncishiswa komthambo wegazi. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukulimala , izibazi ngemva kokuhlinzwa, noma izifo ezahlukahlukene.
• I-Thrombosis: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ihlule legazi livela ngaphakathi komthambo, noma lakheka kwenye indawo bese libhajwa emthanjeni. Uma ihlule likhulu, lingavimba ngokuphelele ukugeleza kwegazi emthanjeni. Ngezinye izikhathi, amahlule egazi akheka ngemva kokuhlinzwa emphinjeni noma entanyeni, noma ngemva kokutheleleka (njenge-'Lemierre's syndrome') angaba yingozi ngoba ukutheleleka kungasakazeka emzimbeni wonke futhi kubangele isimo esibi, esisongela ukuphila esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-sepsis'.

Yiziphi izimpawu zenkinga ngemithambo ye-jugular?

Uma kunenkinga ngemithambo yakho ye-jugular, ungase ube nezimpawu ezihlobene nayo noma ezindaweni ezihlobene nayo, njengekhanda.

• Ukuvuvukala: Lapho ingcindezi ngaphakathi komthambo ikhuphuka, iqhuma ngaphandle. Lokhu kuvuvukala ngezinye izikhathi kungaba uphawu lwezimo zenhliziyo ezimbi njengokwehluleka kwenhliziyo (hhayi ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, kodwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo), i-cardiac tamponade (ukunqwabelana koketshezi oluzungeze inhliziyo), noma isifo semithambo yegazi (isifo semithambo yegazi).
• Izinkinga zendlebe: Ukwanda kwengcindezi emithanjeni kungathinta nezindlebe zakho. Ungase ube nesiyezi, i-tinnitus (ebizwa ngokuthi "tin-ee-tus" noma "tin-ita-as," okuwukukhala okuqhubekayo ezindlebeni ), noma ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa. Isibonelo esithile salokhu i-pulsatile tinnitus. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uzwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho ezindlebeni zakho, njengomsindo othi "whoosh" noma "whoosh".
• Izinkinga zamehlo: Ukwanda kwengcindezi okubangelwa ukugeleza kwegazi okuvinjelwe ngemithambo ye-jugular kungabangela ukubona okufiphele, ukubona kabili, noma ukuvuvukala kwamehlo.
• Ubuhlungu: Ungase uzwe ubuhlungu entanyeni, ukungakhululeki, noma ikhanda elibuhlungu.
• Izinkinga zokungalali: Izinguquko endleleni igazi eliphuma ngayo ebuchosheni zingathinta nokulala kwakho.

Uhlola kanjani impilo yale mithambo yegazi?

Ukuhlolwa okuvame kakhulu ukuhlola isimo semithambo ye-jugular ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kanye nokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kwezithombe.

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Lokhu kuhilela ukubeka umzimba wakho ongaphezulu endaweni ethile kanye nodokotela ohlola ukuvuvukala noma izinguquko zokucindezela emithanjeni ye-jugular. Lokhu kuhilela ukuphendulela ikhanda lakho ohlangothini olulodwa, ukuphefumula ngaphakathi nangaphandle, noma udokotela angase acindezele ezindaweni ezithile zesifuba sakho noma isisu ukuze ahlole izinguquko zokucindezela emithanjeni ye-jugular.
• I-Vascular ultrasound: Lokhu kusebenzisa amaza omsindo avame kakhulu "ukubheka" umthambo wakho we-jugular. Njengoba nje amalulwane esebenzisa amaza omsindo ukundiza ngaphandle kokushaya izithiyo.
• I-CT scan kanye ne-angiography: I-CT scan (i-computerized tomography) inqubo esebenzisa i-X-ray kanye nobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha ukudala isithombe esinezinhlangothi ezintathu (3D) sangaphakathi lomzimba wakho. I-CT angiogram isebenzisa udayi obizwa ngokuthi i-contrast, ofakwa emithanjeni yakho yegazi. Lokhu kugqama kubonakala kahle ku-CT scan, ngakho-ke kungasiza ekutholeni izindawo lapho igazi lingagelezi kahle khona.
• I-MRI:Ukuhlolwa kwe-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) kusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunamandla kakhulu bemagnethi kanye nekhompyutha ukudala izithombe zangaphakathi lomzimba. Lokhu kuyasiza kakhulu ekudaleni izithombe ezinemininingwane eminingi ezingahlukanisa phakathi kwezinto ezifana nemisipha, imithambo yegazi, imizwa kanye namathambo.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha imithambo ye-jugular?

Nazi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile ezinikezwa izimo ezithinta umthambo we-jugular, noma ezisebenzisa umthambo we-jugular ukwelapha ezinye izimo:

• Ama-antibiotic: Lawa anganikezwa uma kukhona ukutheleleka okuthinta imithambo ye-jugular.
• Izinto zokunciphisa igazi: Lezi zivame ukunqunyelwa izinkinga zokujiya kwegazi njenge-thrombosis.
• Imigqa ye-IV: Izibonelo zifaka phakathi umugqa ophakathi kanye nomugqa ophakathi we-PICC (Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter)`.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Lokhu kungasiza ngemithambo yegazi evalekile noma eyonakele. Kwezinye izimo, udokotela ohlinzayo angasusa umthambo wegazi ovalekile futhi awusebenzisele ukudala 'ukudlula' emthanjeni wegazi ovalekile enhliziyweni yakho. Kuye ngokuthi yimuphi umthambo wegazi ohilelekile, ungase ukwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwemiphumela yesikhathi eside ngemva kokususa noma ukuvala owodwa.
• Izihlungi ze-Vena cava: Lezi izihlungi udokotela azifaka ngomthambo we-jugular bese ezithumela ohlangothini olulodwa lwe-"superior vena cava" yakho. Uma sezifikile lapho, zibamba amahlule egazi ngaphambi kokuba ziye enhliziyweni nasemaphashini akho. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela izimo ezisongela ukuphila njenge-"pulmonary embolism."

Ngingayigcina kanjani imithambo yami ye-jugular iphilile? (Khumbula lokhu!)

Nazi ezinye zezinto ezinhle kakhulu ongazenza ukuze ugcine imithambo yakho ye-jugular iphilile:

• Nakekela impilo yenhliziyo yakho. Izifo zesimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi ezithinta inhliziyo yakho zingathinta nemithambo yegazi emikhulu, okuhlanganisa nomthambo we-jugular. Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo, ukudla ukudla okunempilo, kanye nokusebenza ngokomzimba kubalulekile kulokhu.
• Nakekela intamo yakho. Umthambo wakho we-jugular, ikakhulukazi umthambo wangaphandle we-jugular, usengozini yokulimala nokulimala. Qaphela futhi ugqoke izimpahla zokuphepha ezidingekayo lapho udlala imidlalo (ikakhulukazi i-ice hockey) noma usebenza ngemishini kagesi.
• Naka izinguquko emzimbeni wakho. Uma uqala ukuzwa izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bentamo noma ukuvuvukala, noma uma unezimpawu ezihlobene nokubona kwakho noma ubuchopho, khuluma nodokotela. Kuyinto okumele uyenze, ikakhulukazi uma lezo zimpawu ziqala ukuthinta imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.
• Gcina kuhlanzekile.Uma une-IV emthanjeni wakho we-jugular, gcina indawo ezungeze umugqa we-IV noma i-port ihlanzekile. Kubalulekile futhi ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi ungayiphendula kanjani futhi nini intamo noma ikhanda lakho.

Umthambo we-jugular uyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwethu lokujikeleza kwegazi, ikakhulukazi ngoba uthinta ukugeleza kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni bakho. Nakuba zingekho izifo eziningi ezikuthinta ngqo, umthambo we-jugular uvame ukudlala indima ebalulekile ekuxilongeni nasekwelapheni ezinye izifo. Ngakho-ke, uma unokungabaza ngezinkinga ezihlobene nomthambo we-jugular, khuluma nodokotela. Bazokwazi ukuphendula imibuzo yakho noma bakuthumele kuchwepheshe ongakusiza ngokwengeziwe.

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Imithambo Yesifuba, Imithambo Yentamo, Ukuhamba Kwegazi, Ukugeleza Kwegazi Kuya Ebuchosheni, Izifo Zemithambo, Impilo Yenhliziyo