Wake wazibuza yini ngaleso sitho esincane, esimise okwebhabhathane esihlala ngaphansi kwesikhumba phansi kwentamo yakho? Leso yindlala yakho yegilo. Siyingxenye ephawulekayo nebalulekile yomzimba wakho. Kalula nje, lesi sitho esincane sisebenza njengomlawuli oyinhloko wemisebenzi eminingi ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wakho.
Iyini i-thyroid gland, futhi iyini i-endocrine system?
Ake siqale ngokuqonda ukuthi iyini i-thyroid. Njengoba ngishilo, iyi -gland encane, efana novemvane etholakala ngaphambili kwentamo yakho, ngaphansi nje komphimbo wakho. Ingumdlali obalulekile ohlelweni lwakho lwe-endocrine .
Ungase uzibuze, “Yini ngempela uhlelo lwe-endocrine, Dokotela?” Cabanga ngalo njengenethiwekhi yamafektri amancane, akhethekile emzimbeni wakho wonke. Lawa mafektri akhiqiza amakhemikhali abalulekile abizwa ngokuthi ama-hormone . Lawa ma-gland akhipha ama-hormone ngqo egazini lakho, lapho ehamba khona emzimbeni wakho wonke ukuze alethe imiyalezo ezithweni zakho, esikhumbeni, nasemisipheni. Asebenza njengezithunywa, etshela umzimba wakho ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze nokuthi kufanele uyenze nini.
Ezinye izindlala ezingaphansi kwesistimu yakho ye-endocrine zifaka:
- I-Hypothalamus
- Indlala ye-pituitary
- Izindlala ze-Parathyroid
- Izindlala ze-adrenal
- Indlala yephayini
- I-Pancreas
- Ama-ovari (kwabesifazane)
- Amasende (kwabesilisa)
Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-thyroid yakho ukulawula izinga lakho lokugaya ukudla . "I-Metabolism" imane nje inqubo yokuguqula ukudla okudlayo kube amandla. Wonke amaseli emzimbeni wakho adinga amandla ukuze asebenze, futhi i-thyroid yakho ilawula ukuthi umzimba wakho udala futhi usebenzise ngokushesha kangakanani lawo mandla.
Khumbula, uma indlala yakho yegilo ingasebenzi kahle, ingathinta umzimba wakho wonke. Yingakho ukuhlala unolwazi ngempilo yakho yegilo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Iyini indima yendlala yami yegilo?
Njenge-endocrine gland, i-thyroid ikhiqiza futhi ikhiphe ama-hormone amaningana:
- I-Thyroxine (T4) ( Thyroxine ): Lena yi-hormone eyinhloko ekhiqizwa yi-thyroid. Nakuba ingenawo umthelela omkhulu oqondile ekusebenzeni kwe-metabolism, uma i-T4 ingena egazini, iguqulwa ibe yi-T3 ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-deiodination.
- I-Triiodothyronine (T3): I-thyroid ikhiqiza i-T3 encane kune-T4, kodwa i-T3 iyi-hormone enamandla kakhulu ethinta izinga lakho lokugaya ukudla.
- I-reverse triiodothyronine (RT3): Lokhu kukhiqizwa ngamanani amancane kakhulu. I-RT3 isebenza ukuguqula imiphumela ye-T3.
- I-Calcitonin: Le hormone isiza ukulawula izinga le-calcium egazini lakho.
Ukuze ukhiqize la ma-hormone, i-thyroid gland yakho idinga i- iodine . Uthola i-iodine ekudleni kwakho (ikakhulukazi usawoti one-iodine) kanye namanzi. I-thyroid ibamba le iodine bese iyiguqula ibe ama-hormone e-thyroid. Uma amazinga akho e-iodine ephansi kakhulu noma ephezulu kakhulu, ingaphazamisa ikhono lomzimba wakho lokukhiqiza la ma-hormone ngendlela efanele.
Ama-hormone e-thyroid athinta izici eziningi zempilo yakho, okuhlanganisa:
- Indlela umzimba wakho osebenzisa ngayo amandla ( i-metabolism )
- Isilinganiso senhliziyo
- Ukuphefumula
- Ukugaya ukudla
- Izinga lokushisa lomzimba
- Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchopho
- Umsebenzi wengqondo
- Ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba namathambo
- Ukuzala
Yiziphi ezinye izitho nezindlala ezisebenzisana ne-thyroid?
Uhlelo lwethu lwe-endocrine luyinethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ama-gland amaningi athembele ezimpawini ezivela kwabanye ukuze aqale ukusebenza, kanti amanye ama-hormone angacindezela ukusebenza kwamanye.
Umzimba wakho unesimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi sokulawula amazinga ama-hormone e-thyroid. Okokuqala, ingxenye yobuchopho bakho ebizwa ngokuthi i -hypothalamus ikhipha i-Thyroid-Releasing Hormone (TRH). Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi i -pituitary gland ikhipha i-Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH). I-TSH bese ivuselela amangqamuzana e-follicular ku-thyroid yakho ukuthi akhiqize i-T4 ne-T3, uma nje umzimba wakho une-iodine eyanele.
Ama-hormone e-thyroid athinta cishe zonke izinhlelo emzimbeni wakho, isibonelo:
- Isistimu yenhliziyo: I-thyroid isiza ukulawula ukuphuma kwenhliziyo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, kanye namandla okufinyela kwenhliziyo.
- Isimiso sezinzwa: Uma i-thyroid ingasebenzi kahle, ungase ube nezimpawu ezihlobene nezinzwa njengokungazweli , ukuqaqamba , ubuhlungu, noma umuzwa wokushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-thyroid engasebenzi kahle (i-hypothyroidism) ingaholela ekucindezelekeni , kanti i-thyroid esebenza ngokweqile (i-hyperthyroidism) ingadala ukukhathazeka .
- Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla: I-thyroid ithonya ukuhamba kwamathumbu, okuyiyona ndlela ukudla okudlula ngayo endleleni yakho yokugaya ukudla.
- Uhlelo Lokuzala: Izinkinga ze-thyroid zingaholela emijikelezweni yokuya esikhathini engajwayelekile kwabesifazane kanye nezinselele zokuzala kubo bobabili ubulili.
Ingabe umuntu angaphila ngaphandle kwe-thyroid gland?
Yebo, bangakwenza. Kodwa-ke, uma indlala isusiwe, kuzodingeka uthathe imithi yokushintsha ama-hormone impilo yakho yonke ukuze uhlale uphilile futhi ugweme izinkinga. Ukuhlinzwa kokususa i-thyroid, okwaziwa ngokuthi i -thyroidectomy , kuyindlela evamile yezifo ezithile ze-thyroid.
Ikuphi i-thyroid, futhi yiziphi izingxenye zayo?
Njengoba ngishilo, i-thyroid itholakala ngaphambili kwentamo yakho, ihambisana ne-trachea yakho (umphimbo womoya) . Ibunjwe njengovemvane—incane phakathi nendawo enamaphiko amabili amakhulu asakazeke emaceleni. I-thyroid enempilo ngokuvamile ayibonakali noma ayizwakali njengeqhubu; akufanele ukwazi ukuyizwa lapho uthinta ingaphambili lentamo yakho.
I-thyroid inezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: ama-lobes kanye nebhuloho elixhumanisayo elibizwa ngokuthi i- thyroid isthmus . Yakhiwe ngamaseli e-follicular e-thyroid (ama-thyrocyte) akhiqiza futhi agcine ama-hormone e-thyroid (i-T3 ne-T4), kanye namaseli e-C akhiqiza i-calcitonin.
Indlala yegilo ingamasentimitha angu-2 ubude . Indlala yegilo enempilo ngokuvamile ayibonakali noma ayizwakali ngaphandle kwentamo yakho. Kodwa-ke, izimo ezithile zezokwelapha zingabangela ukuthi indlala yegilo ikhule. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i- goiter . Uma une-goiter, ungase uqaphele lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ukuvuvukala okubonakalayo phansi kwentamo yakho, ngaphansi nje kwe-apula lika-Adam.
- Umuzwa wokuqina noma ukucindezeleka emphinjeni wakho.
- Izinguquko ezwini lakho, njengokushoshozela.
Yiziphi izimo zempilo ezithinta i-thyroid gland?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezifo ze-thyroid, futhi zivame kakhulu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-20 e-United States kuphela bahlushwa uhlobo oluthile lwesifo se-thyroid. Abesifazane banamathuba aphindwe kahlanu kuya kwayisishiyagalombili okuba nesifo se-thyroid kunabesilisa.
Izifo ze-thyroid zihlukaniswa kakhulu ngezinhlobo ezimbili: eziyinhloko nezesibili .
- Esifweni se-thyroid esiyinhloko , lesi simo siqala ngaphakathi kwe-thyroid uqobo.
- Esifweni sesibili se-thyroid, lesi simo siqala endlaleni ye-pituitary. Isibonelo, uma uba ne-'nodule' endlaleni yakho ye-thyroid ekhipha i-hormone ye-thyroid eningi kakhulu, kuyi-primary hyperthyroidism. Kodwa-ke, uma 'isimila' endlaleni yakho ye-pituitary sibangela ukuthi ikhiphe i-TSH hormone eningi kakhulu, evuselela i-thyroid yakho ukuthi ikhiqize ama-hormone eningi kakhulu, lokhu kuyi-hyperthyroidism yesibili.
Kunezimo ezine eziyinhloko zempilo ezithinta indlala yegilo:
- I-Hypothyroidism (i-thyroid engasebenzi kahle)
- I-Hyperthyroidism (i-thyroid esebenza ngokweqile)
- I-Goiter (i-thyroid ekhulisiwe)
- Umdlavuza we-thyroid
I-Hypothyroidism - Uma i-thyroid yakho ingasebenzi kahle
Lokhu kwenzeka lapho indlala yakho yegilo ingakhiqizi amahomoni egilo anele . Ngenxa yalokho, ezinye zezinqubo zomzimba wakho ze-metabolic ziqala ukwehla. Lesi yisimo esivamile, futhi kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo.
Izimbangela ezivamile ze-hypothyroidism zifaka:
- Isifo sikaHashimoto: Isimo 'sokuzivikela komzimba' lapho amasosha omzimba wakho ehlasela ngephutha indlala yakho yegilo.
- I-Thyroiditis: Ukuvuvukala kwendlala yegilo.
- Ukuntuleka kwe-iodine.
- Izinkinga zokuzalwa (i-thyroid ayisebenzi kahle kusukela ekuzalweni).
- Ukwelashwa ngokweqile kwe-hyperthyroidism ngemithi.
- Ukususwa kwendlala yegilo ngokuhlinzwa.
I-Hyperthyroidism - Uma i-thyroid yakho isebenza ngokweqile
Lokhu kwenzeka lapho indlala yakho yegilo ikhiqiza futhi ikhipha i-hormone yegilo eningi kakhulu . Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ezinye zezinqubo zomzimba wakho zisheshise. Lesi simo singelapheka futhi.
Izimbangela ezivamile ze-hyperthyroidism zifaka:
- Isifo sikaGraves: Isimo 'sokuzivikela komzimba'.
- Amaqhubu e-thyroid.
- I-thyroiditis.
- I-Postpartum thyroiditis: Ukuvuvukala kwe-thyroid okwenzeka ngemva kokubeletha.
- Ukudla i-iodine ngokweqile ngokudla noma ngemithi.
- Ukwelashwa ngokweqile kwe-hypothyroidism ngemithi.
- Isimila 'esingesona umdlavuza' (esingesona umdlavuza) endlaleni ye-pituitary.
I-Goiter - I-thyroid ekhulisiwe
I-goiter iwukukhula okubonakalayo kwendlala yegilo. Kuvamile kakhulu.
Izimbangela ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-goiter:
- Ama-goiter alula: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho indlala yegilo ingakhiqizi ama-hormone anele, okubangela ukuba ikhule ukuze kuzanywe ukubuyisa amandla ayo.
- Ama-goiter ahlala isikhathi eside: Lokhu kwenzeka kubantu abangatholi i-iodine eyanele ekudleni kwabo.
- Ama-goiter angavamile: Ngokuvamile, asikho isizathu esicacile, yize imithi ethile efana ne-'lithium' ingayibangela ngezinye izikhathi.
Umdlavuza we-thyroid
Lona umdlavuza oqala ezicutshini ze-thyroid. Ukwelashwa kwezinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza we-thyroid kuyaphumelela kakhulu. Ungesabi; ezimweni eziningi, uyelapheka.
Umdlavuza we-thyroid uhlukaniswa ngohlobo lweseli lapho uqala khona:
- I-Papillary: Cishe u-80% womdlavuza we-thyroid ungowalolu hlobo.
- I-Follicular: Cishe u-15% ungowalolu hlobo.
- I-Medullary: Cishe i-2%, engaxhunyaniswa 'nokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo'.
- I-Anaplastic: Cishe u-2%. Lokhu kunamandla kakhulu, yize kungavamile.
Yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala zezinkinga ze-thyroid?
Izimo ezahlukene ze-thyroid zinezimpawu ezahlukene. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi i-thyroid idlala indima enkulu ekushayeni kwenhliziyo, ekugayweni kwe-metabolism, kanye nasekulawuleni izinga lokushisa, kufanele uqaphele okulandelayo:
- Isilinganiso senhliziyo esihamba kancane kakhulu noma esisheshayo kakhulu.
- Ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki noma ukukhuluphala.
- Ukuzwela emakhazeni noma ekushiseni okukhulu.
- Imizwa yokucindezeleka noma yokukhathazeka.
- Ukungajwayelekile kwemijikelezo yokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane.
Uma uhlangabezana nenye noma ngaphezulu yalezi zimpawu, isinyathelo esingcono kakhulu ukubona udokotela bese uhlolwa igazi ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kwe-thyroid yakho.
Yiziphi izivivinyo ezijwayelekile zokuhlola impilo ye-thyroid?
Ukuhlolwa kokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu kokuhlola impilo ye-thyroid yakho ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kulinganiswe amazinga akho e-TSH (i-Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) . Lokhu kunikeza ukuqonda kokubili i-hypothyroidism kanye ne-hyperthyroidism.
Ngokuvamile, izinga elijwayelekile lokuhlolwa kwegazi le-TSH liphakathi kuka-`0.5` no-`5.0 mIU/L` (amayunithi angama-milli-international ngelitha). Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungahluka kuye ngelebhu, iminyaka yakho, kanye nokuthi ukhulelwe yini, ngakho-ke sicela uqhathanise imiphumela yakho nebanga lokubhekisela elinikezwe embikweni wakho.
Udokotela wakho angase futhi akhethe ukuhlola amazinga e-T4 kanye ne-T3 (ama-hormone e-thyroid) egazini lakho.
Uma imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa ingajwayelekile, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi uhlolwe nge-thyroid (usebenzisa inani elincane, eliphephile lezinto ezikhipha imisebe ukudala izithombe ze-thyroid) noma i- thyroid ultrasound .
Ziphathwa kanjani izifo ze-thyroid?
Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha izifo ze-thyroid, kuye ngesimo esithile kanye nobunzima baso. Izindlela ezintathu zokwelapha eziyinhloko yilezi:
- Imithi
- Ukuhlinzwa
- Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy
Imithi
Imithi ejwayelekile enqunyelwe izifo ze-thyroid ihlanganisa:
- Imithi yokulwa ne-thyroid: Le mithi isebenza ngokuvimbela i-thyroid gland yakho ekukhiqizeni ama-hormone amaningi. Inqunyelwe kakhulu ukwelapha i-hyperthyroidism.
- Ama-Beta-blocker: Nakuba lawa engelaphi isifo se-thyroid uqobo, asebenza kahle kakhulu ekuphatheni izimpawu eziyinkinga ze-hyperthyroidism, njengokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile.
- I-iodine ekhipha imisebe: Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza ngokulimaza amangqamuzana e-thyroid, okuholela ekubhujisweni kwe-gland. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa kokubili i-hyperthyroidism kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza we-thyroid.
- Imithi yama-hormone e-thyroid: Le mithi iqukethe ama-hormone e-thyroid okwenziwa asetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-hypothyroidism. Uma uke wahlinzwa i-thyroid noma uma i-gland yakho ingasebenzi kahle ngenxa yokwelashwa nge-iodine enemisebe, kungadingeka ukuthi uphuze le mithi impilo yakho yonke.
Ukuhlinzwa
Inqubo yokuhlinzwa evame kakhulu yezinkinga ze-thyroid ukuhlinzwa kwe-thyroid , okuhlanganisa ukususwa ngokuphelele kwe-thyroid gland yakho. Kuyindlela yokwelapha ebalulekile yezinkinga ezahlukahlukene ze-thyroid futhi ngokuvamile kuyindlela yokwelapha eyinhloko yomdlavuza we-thyroid.
Enye indlela yokuhlinzwa i -lobectomy , lapho kususwa khona ingxenye ethile (i-lobe) yendlala yegilo kuphela.
Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye ne-Chemotherapy
Lezi izindlela zokwelapha ezikhethekile zomdlavuza we-thyroid. Zombili lezi zindlela zisebenza ngokubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza nokuvimbela ukukhula kwawo. Kodwa-ke, sicela uqaphele ukuthi amacala amaningi omdlavuza we-thyroid awadingi imisebe noma i-chemotherapy.
Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa isimo se-thyroid?
Izifo ze-thyroid zivamile futhi zingathinta noma ubani kunoma yimuphi ubudala. Kodwa-ke, izici ezithile zingandisa ingozi yakho:
- Ukuba nomlando womndeni wezinkinga ze-thyroid (ukuthambekela kofuzo).
- Ukuphila nesifo sokuzivikela komzimba, njengesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, isifo samathambo esibizwa ngokuthi i-rheumatoid arthritis, noma i-lupus.
- Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwemithi ene-iodine eningi.
- Ukuba ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-60, ikakhulukazi uma ungowesifazane.
Ngingayigcina kanjani i-thyroid yami iphilile?
Indlela eyinhloko yokugcina i-thyroid iphilile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola i-iodine eyanele ekudleni kwakho.I-thyroid yakho idinga i-iodine ukuze ikhiqize ama-hormone ngempumelelo. Ngenhlanhla, abantu abaningi bathola i-iodine eyanele ngosawoti one-iodine kanye nemithombo yokudla eqinisiwe.
Eminye imithombo yokudla ye-iodine ihlanganisa:
- Ushizi
- Ubisi lwenkomo
- Amaqanda
- I-yogathi
- Inhlanzi yasemanzini anosawoti
- Izinhlanzi ezibizwa ngama-Shellfish (isb., izinkalankala, ama-shrimp)
- Ukhula lwasolwandle
- Ubisi lwesoya
- I-soy sauce
Kodwa-ke, ukudla i-iodine ngokweqile nakho kungaba yingozi futhi kuholele ezinkingeni zempilo. Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka mayelana nempilo yakho ye-thyroid, sicela ukhululeke ukuxoxa ngakho nodokotela wakho eNirogi Lanka.
Kufanele ngikhulume nini nodokotela nge-thyroid yami?
Uma ubona izimpawu ezifana nokushintsha kwesisindo okungachazeki, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, noma ukuzwela okukhulu ekushiseni noma ekubandeni , sicela uxhumane nodokotela wakho. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula ngokuvamile yikho okudingekayo ukuze kutholakale ukuthi inkinga ye-thyroid iyimbangela yezimpawu zakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
I-thyroid yakho iyindlala ebalulekile ohlelweni lwakho lwe-endocrine elawula imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile yomzimba. Nakuba izifo ze-thyroid zivame kakhulu, ziyalawuleka futhi ziyalapheka.
Uma ubhekene nezimpawu noma ukhathazekile ngezinto ezikubangela ingozi, sicela ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Bakhona ukukunikeza ukwesekwa nokunakekelwa okudingayo. Ukubeka impilo yakho phambili kuyisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ongasithatha!
I-thyroid, i-Thyroid Gland, ama-hormone, i-Hypothyroidism, i-Hyperthyroidism, i-Goiter, umdlavuza we-Thyroid
