Uyazi ngalelo bhabhathane elincane entanyeni yakho? Ake sixoxe ngendlala yegilo!

Wake wazibuza ngesitho esincane, esimise okwebhabhathane esingaphansi kwesikhumba ngaphambili kwentamo yakho? Leso yindlala yegilo. Siyingxenye emangalisayo, kodwa ebalulekile yomzimba wethu. Kalula nje, le nsizwa encane ilawula imisebenzi eminingi ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu.

Iyini indlala yegilo? Futhi iyini uhlelo lwe-endocrine?

Kulungile, ake siqale siqonde ukuthi iyini le ndlala yegilo. Ngishilo ngaphambili, iyindlala encane efana novemvane . Ukuze kube sobala, itholakala ngaphambili kwentamo yakho, ngaphansi nje komphimbo wakho. Lena yingxenye yesistimu yethu yegilo . Manje ubuza, "Luyini uhlelo lwegilo, dokotela?" Cabanga, sinezimboni ezincane emizimbeni yethu. Lezi zimboni zenza amakhemikhali akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi ama-hormone . Inethiwekhi yalezo zimboni yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi uhlelo lwegilo. Ama-hormone enziwa yilezi zindlala aya ngqo egazini, ahambe emzimbeni wonke, futhi athwale imiyalezo ezithweni ezahlukahlukene, esikhumbeni, nasemisipheni. Anjengezithunywa emizimbeni yethu. Atshela imizimba yethu ukuthi yenzeni nokuthi kufanele ikwenze nini. Nazi ezinye izindlala eziyingxenye yesistimu yethu yegilo:

• I-Hypothalamus
• Indlala ye-pituitary
• Izindlala ze -Parathyroid
• Izindlala ze-adrenal
• Indlala yephayini
• I-Pancreas
• Ama-ovari (kwabesifazane)
• Amasende (abesilisa)

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wendlala yegilo ukulawula izinga lethu lokuguqulwa kwezakhi zomzimba . "I-Metabolism" isho inqubo lapho ukudla esikudlayo kuguqulwa khona kube amandla. Wonke amaseli emzimbeni wethu adinga amandla ukuze asebenze. I-thyroid ilawula ukuthi lawo mandla akhiqizwa futhi asetshenziswe ngokushesha kangakanani.

Cabanga nje, uma i-thyroid yakho ingasebenzi kahle, ingathinta umzimba wakho wonke. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Kwenzekani nge-thyroid yami?

Njengendlala ye-endocrine, i-thyroid ikhiqiza futhi ikhiphe ama-hormone amaningana. Lawa yilawa:

• I-Thyroxine (T4):Lena yi-hormone eyinhloko ekhiqizwa yi-thyroid. Kodwa-ke, ayithinti ngqo i-metabolism. Ngemva kokuba i-T4 ingene egazini, iguqulwa ibe yi-T3 ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-'deiodination'.
• I-Triiodothyronine (T3): I-thyroid ikhiqiza i-T3 encane kune-T4. Kodwa-ke, yi-hormone ye-T3 enethonya elikhulu kakhulu ekusebenzeni komzimba .
• I-triiodothyronine ebuyela emuva (RT3): Lokhu kukhiqizwa ngamanani amancane kakhulu. I-RT3 iguqula isenzo se-T3.
• I-Calcitonin: Le hormone isiza ekulawuleni inani le-calcium egazini lethu.

Ukuze kwenziwe la ma-hormone e-thyroid, i-thyroid gland idinga into ebizwa ngokuthi i-iodine . Sithola i-iodine ekudleni (ikakhulukazi usawoti one-iodine) kanye namanzi. I-thyroid gland ithatha le iodine iyiguqule ibe ama-hormone e-thyroid. Cabanga ngakho, uma umzimba wakho une-iodine eningi kakhulu noma encane kakhulu, ingathinta inani lama-hormone e-thyroid elikhiqizayo. Ama-hormone e-thyroid athinta izinto ezinjengalezi:

• Indlela imizimba yethu esebenzisa ngayo amandla ( i-metabolism )
• Isilinganiso senhliziyo
• Ukuphefumula
• Ukugaya ukudla
• Izinga lokushisa lomzimba
• Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchopho
• Umsebenzi wengqondo
• Ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba namathambo
• Ukuzala

Yiziphi ezinye izitho nezindlala ezihlotshaniswa nendlala yegilo?

Uhlelo lwethu lwe-endocrine luyinethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Izindlala eziningi nama-hormone asebenza ngezibonakaliso ezivela kwezinye izindlala nama-hormone. Futhi, amanye ama-hormone angacindezela amanye ama-hormone. Kukhona futhi uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu lokulawula izinga lama-hormone e-thyroid emzimbeni wethu. Okokuqala, i-hypothalamus, eyingxenye yobuchopho bethu, ikhipha i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH). Le TRH iya ekuvuseleleni ingxenye ye- pituitary gland yethu, ekhipha i-thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Le TSH bese ivuselela amaseli e-follicular e-thyroid gland ukuze akhiqize ama-hormone e-T4 ne-T3. Kodwa-ke, ukuze lokhu kusebenze, kumele kube ne-iodine eyanele emzimbeni. I-thyroid gland nama-hormone ayo athinta cishe zonke izinhlelo emzimbeni wethu. Ukunikeza izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Isistimu yenhliziyo: I-thyroid isiza ekulawuleni izinto ezifana nokuthi inhliziyo yethu iphampa igazi elingakanani (ukuphuma kwenhliziyo), ukushaya kwenhliziyo, kanye namandla okufinyela kwenhliziyo yethu.
• Isimiso sezinzwa:Uma i-thyroid ingasebenzi kahle, izimpawu ezihlobene nohlelo lwezinzwa zingavela. Isibonelo, ukungazweli , ukuqaqamba , ubuhlungu, kanye nemizwa yokusha kwezinye izindawo. Futhi, uma umsebenzi we-thyroid uncishisiwe (i-hypothyroidism), ukucindezeleka kungenzeka, futhi uma kukhushulwa (i-hyperthyroidism), ukukhathazeka kungenzeka.
• Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla: I-thyroid nayo ihilelekile endleleni ukudla esikudlayo okudlula ngayo emgudwini wokugaya ukudla (ukunyakaza kwamathumbu).
• Uhlelo lokuzala: Uma kunenkinga nge-thyroid, imijikelezo yokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane ingase ingabi njalo futhi kungase kube nezinkinga zokuzala.

Ingabe umuntu angaphila ngaphandle kwe-thyroid gland?

Yebo, ungakwazi. Kodwa-ke, kuzodingeka uthathe imithi yokushintsha ama-hormone impilo yakho yonke ukuze uhlale uphilile futhi ugweme imiphumela emibi. Ukuhlinzwa kokususa i-thyroid gland, okubizwa ngokuthi i-thyroidectomy , kuyindlela evamile yokuhlinzwa kwezinye izimo ze-thyroid.

Ikuphi indlala yegilo? Ziyini izingxenye zayo? Ingakanani?

Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, indlala yegilo itholakala ngaphambili kwentamo yakho, ngaphezu nje komphimbo wakho (i-trachea) . Ibunjwe njengovemvane - inencane phakathi namaphiko amabili amakhulu asakazeke kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Indlala yegilo enempilo ngokuvamile ayibonakali (ayibukeki njengeqhubu entanyeni yakho), futhi awukwazi ukuyizwa uma uyithinta ngomunwe wakho ngaphambili kwentamo yakho. Indlala yegilo inezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: ama-lobes amabili (ama-lobes) kanye nengxenye ephakathi exhumanisa la ma-lobes amabili (i-thyroid isthmus) . Lokhu kwakhiwe ngamaseli e-follicle egilo (ama-thyrocytes), enza futhi agcine ama-hormone egilo (ikakhulukazi i-T3 ne-T4), kanye nama-C-cell , enza i-hormone calcitonin. Indlala yegilo ingamasentimitha angaba ngu-2 ubude . Indlala yegilo enempilo ngokuvamile ayibonakali futhi iphuma entanyeni. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimo zezokwelapha zingabangela ukuthi i-thyroid ikhule. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-goiter . Abanye abantu bayibiza nangokuthi "i-goiter." Uma une-goiter, ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuvuvukala ngaphambili kwentamo, ngaphansi nje kwethambo lentamo.
• Ukuzwa ukuqina emphinjeni.
• Izinguquko zezwi, isibonelo, ukuhosha.

Yiziphi izifo nezimo ezithinta i-thyroid gland?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zesifo se-thyroid. Lezi zivame kakhulu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-20 e-United States kuphela bahlushwa uhlobo oluthile lwesifo se-thyroid. Abesifazane banamathuba aphindwe kahlanu kuya kwayisishiyagalombili okuthola isifo se-thyroid kunabesilisa. Isifo se-thyroid sihlukaniswe kakhulu ngezinhlobo ezimbili: esiyinhloko nesesibili .

• Esifweni se-thyroid esiyinhloko, lesi sifo siqala endlaleni ye-thyroid uqobo.
• Esifweni sesibili se-thyroid , lesi sifo siqala endlaleni ye-pituitary. Isibonelo, uma kuvela iqhubu endlaleni yakho ye-thyroid futhi libangela ukuthi ikhiqize i-hormone ye-thyroid eningi kakhulu, kuyi-primary hyperthyroidism. Kodwa-ke, uma kuvela isimila endlaleni yakho ye-pituitary futhi kubangele ukuthi ikhiqize i-TSH eningi kakhulu, ekhuthaza i-thyroid ukuthi ikhiqize i-hormone eningi kakhulu, kuyi-hyperthyroidism yesibili.

Kunezimo ezine eziyinhloko ezithinta indlala yegilo:

• I-Hypothyroidism (indlala yegilo engasebenzi kahle)
• I-Hyperthyroidism ( i-thyroid gland esebenza ngokweqile)
• I-Goiter ( indlala yegilo/i-goiter ekhulisiwe)
• Umdlavuza we-thyroid

I-Hypothyroidism - lapho indlala yegilo ingasebenzi kahle

Lokhu kwenzeka lapho indlala yakho yegilo ingakhiqizi amahomoni egilo anele . Lokhu kunciphisa ijubane lokusetshenziswa kwe-metabolism yakho. Lesi futhi yisimo esivamile. Kunezindlela zokwelapha lesi simo. Kunezimbangela eziningana ze-hypothyroidism:

• Isifo sikaHashimoto: Lesi yisifo 'esihlasela umzimba wonke'. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amasosha ethu omzimba ahlasela i-thyroid.
• I-Thyroiditis: Ukuvuvukala kwendlala yegilo.
• Ukuntuleka kwe-iodine.
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-thyroid okubangelwa ukuzalwa.
• Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemithi yokwelapha i-hyperthyroidism.
• Ukususwa kwendlala yegilo ngokuhlinzwa.

I-Hyperthyroidism - lapho indlala yegilo isebenza ngokweqile

Lokhu kwenzeka lapho indlala yakho yegilo ikhiqiza futhi ikhipha i-hormone yegilo eningi kakhulu . Lokhu kusheshisa ezinye zezindlela zakho zokusebenza. Kukhona nezindlela zokwelapha lokhu. Kunezimbangela eziningana ze-hyperthyroidism:

• Isifo sikaGraves: Lesi futhi yisimo sokuzivikela komzimba.
• Amaqhubu e-thyroid.
• I-thyroiditis.
• I-Postpartum thyroiditis: Ukuvuvukala kwendlala yegilo okwenzeka ngemva kokubeletha.
• I-iodine eningi egazini, kungaba ngokudla noma ngemithi.
• Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemithi yokwelapha i-hypothyroidism.
• Isimila esingesona umdlavuza (esingesihle) sendlala ye-pituitary.

I-Goiter - ukwandiswa kwe-thyroid

I-Goiter iwukukhula kwendlala yegilo. Lokhu futhi kuvamile. Izimbangela ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-goiter:

• Ama-goiter alula: Lawa akhula lapho indlala yegilo ingakhiqizi ama-hormone anele emzimbeni. I-thyroid ibe isizama ukukhulisa ukuze ibuyisele ukuntuleka kwayo.
• Ama-goiter ahlala isikhathi eside: Lawa akhula kubantu abangatholi i-iodine eyanele ekudleni kwabo. ESri Lanka, lesi simo asivamile manje ngoba sifaka i-iodine kusawoti esiwudlayo.
• Ama-goiter angavamile: Ngokuvamile, asikho isizathu esicacile salokhu. Ngezinye izikhathi, angabangelwa nemithi ethile, njenge-lithium.

Umdlavuza we-thyroid

Lona umdlavuza oqala ezicutshini ze-thyroid. Ukwelashwa kwezinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza we-thyroid kuyaphumelela kakhulu. Ungakhathazeki, ungelapheka ezimweni eziningi. Umdlavuza we-thyroid uhlukaniswa ngohlobo lweseli lapho umdlavuza uvela khona:

• I-Papillary: Cishe u-80% womdlavuza we-thyroid ungowalolu hlobo.
• I-Follicular: Cishe u-15% ungowalolu hlobo.
• I-Medullary: Cishe u-2%. Lokhu kungase kubangelwe nokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo.
• I-Anaplastic: Cishe u-2%. Lokhu kukhulu kakhulu, kodwa akuvamile.

Yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala zezinkinga ze-thyroid?

Izifo ze-thyroid ezahlukene zinezimpawu ezahlukene. Kodwa-ke, njengoba i-thyroid idlala indima enkulu ezintweni eziningi emzimbeni wethu, njengokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukugaya ukudla, kanye nokulawula izinga lokushisa, kufanele uqaphele lezi zimpawu:

• Ukwehla noma ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo.
• Ukuba mncane noma ukhuluphale ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Ubunzima bokubekezelela ukubanda noma ukushisa.
• Ukucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka.
• Ukungajwayelekile kwemijikelezo yokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane.

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, kungcono ukubona udokotela bese uthola ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kwe-thyroid yakho.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezivamile ezenziwayo ukuhlola impilo ye-thyroid?

Ukuhlolwa kokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu kokuhlola impilo ye-thyroid yakho ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola izinga lakho le-TSH (i-Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone). Lokhu kungakunikeza umbono we-hypothyroidism kanye ne-hyperthyroidism. Izinga elijwayelekile lokuhlolwa kwegazi le-TSH liphakathi kuka-0.5 no-5.0 mIU/L (amayunithi angama-milli-international ngelitha). Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungahluka kancane kusuka elabhorethri kuya kwelebhu, kuye ngezici ezifana neminyaka yakho nesimo sokukhulelwa. Ngakho-ke qhathanisa namanani asembikweni wakho. Udokotela wakho angahlola namazinga akho e-T4 kanye ne-T3 (i-thyroid hormone) egazini lakho. Uma imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa ingajwayelekile, udokotela wakho angayala ukuthi kwenziwe i-thyroid scan.Ungase ucelwe ukuthi wenze i-CT scan (esebenzisa into encane, ephephile enemisebe ukuthatha izithombe ze-thyroid) noma i- thyroid ultrasound .

Ziphathwa kanjani izifo ze-thyroid?

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha isifo se-thyroid. Kuya ngokuthi yisiphi isifo nokuthi sibi kangakanani. Kunezindlela ezintathu zokwelapha eziyinhloko:

• Imithi
• Ukuhlinzwa
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy

Imithi

Imithi yezifo ze-thyroid:

• Imithi yokulwa ne-thyroid: Le mithi ivimba i-thyroid ekwenzeni ama-hormone. Inikezwa i-hyperthyroidism.
• Ama-Beta-blocker: Le mithi ilawula izimpawu ze-hyperthyroidism (njengokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo), kodwa ayilaphi isifo se-thyroid uqobo.
• I-iodine ekhipha imisebe: Lo muthi ulimaza amangqamuzana e-thyroid, ekugcineni ubhubhise i-thyroid gland. Uyindlela yokwelapha i-hyperthyroidism kanye nomdlavuza we-thyroid.
• Imithi yama-hormone e-thyroid: Lawa ama-hormone e-thyroid okwenziwa. Anikezwa ukwelapha i-hypothyroidism. Abantu abaye bakhishwa i-thyroid noma abane-thyroid engasebenzi ngenxa ye-iodine ekhipha imisebe kuzodingeka bathathe le mithi impilo yabo yonke.

Ukuhlinzwa

Inqubo eyinhloko yokuhlinzwa kwesifo se-thyroid ukususwa kwe-thyroid . Lokhu kuhilela ukususwa kwe-thyroid yonke ngokuhlinzwa. Ukususwa kwe-thyroid kuyindlela yokwelapha isifo se-thyroid futhi kuyindlela yokuqala yokwelapha umdlavuza we-thyroid. Enye indlela yokuhlinzwa i-lobectomy , esusa ingxenye kuphela ye-thyroid.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy

Lezi izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza we-thyroid. Zombili lezi zindlela zokwelapha zibulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi ziwavimbele ekukhuleni. Kodwa-ke, iningi lomdlavuza we-thyroid alidingi ukwelashwa ngemisebe noma ngamakhemikhali.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa isifo se-thyroid?

Isifo se-thyroid sivamile futhi singathinta abantu banoma yibuphi ubudala. Kodwa-ke, izici ezithile zingandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola isifo se-thyroid:

• Ukuba nomlando womndeni wesifo se-thyroid (isixhumanisi esizuzwe njengefa).
• Ukuba nesifo sokuzivikela komzimba, njengesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, isifo samathambo esibizwa ngokuthi i-rheumatoid arthritis, noma i-lupus.
• Ukuthatha umuthi oqukethe i-iodine eningi kakhulu.
• Ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 ubudala, ikakhulukazi uma ungowesifazane.

Ngingayigcina kanjani i-thyroid yami iphilile?

Okudingayo ukuze ugcine i-thyroid yakho iphilileIndlela eyinhloko ukuthola i-iodine eyanele ekudleni okudlayo. I-thyroid idinga i-iodine ukuze yenze ama-hormone e-thyroid. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi abantu abaningi bathola i-iodine eyanele kusawoti one-iodine kanye nokudla okune-iodine eyengeziwe. Okunye ukudla okuqukethe i-iodine:

• Ushizi
• Ubisi lwenkomo
• Amaqanda
• I-yogathi
• Izinhlanzi zasolwandle
• Izinhlanzi ezibizwa ngama-Shellfish, njengezinkalankala nama-shrimp
• Ukhula lwasolwandle
• Ubisi lwesoya
• I-soy sauce

Kodwa-ke, ukuthatha i-iodine eningi akukuhle futhi kungabangela nezinkinga. Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ngempilo yakho ye-thyroid, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

Kufanele ngikhulume nini nodokotela nge-thyroid yami?

Uma ubhekene nezimpawu zesifo se-thyroid, njengokushintsha kwesisindo sakho, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, noma ukuzwela izinga lokushisa , bona udokotela wakho. Angenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula ukuze abone ukuthi i-thyroid yakho ibangela izimpawu zakho.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-thyroid yakho iyindlala ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwakho lwe-endocrine. Ithinta izinto eziningi emzimbeni wakho. Isifo se-thyroid sivame kakhulu, futhi singelashwa futhi selapheke ngezinga elikhulu.

Uma unezimpawu ezihlobene nesifo se-thyroid, noma uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi unezinto ezingabangela yini ukuba nesifo se-thyroid, ungesabi noma ungabaze ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Balapha ukuzokusiza. Ukunakekela impilo yakho kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu!

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I-thyroid, i-thyroid gland, ama-hormone, i-hypothyroidism, i-hyperthyroidism, i-goiter, umdlavuza we-thyroid