Umthambo obalulekile emzimbeni wakho ongaphezulu: umthambo we-brachiocephalic.

Wake wacabanga ukuthi ukujikeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wethu kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kubaluleke kangakanani? Kukhona uhlelo olukhethekile lwemithambo oludlala indima enkulu ekuletheni igazi lisuka engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba wethu, okungukuthi, lisuka ekhanda, entanyeni nasezingalweni liye enhliziyweni. Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yalolo hlelo ibizwa ngokuthi i-Brachiocephalic Vein . Abanye abantu bayibiza nangokuthi ``Innominate Vein''. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula nangomusa namuhla.

Iyini le mithambo ye-brachiocephalic?

Kalula nje, umthambo wakho we-brachiocephalic uyingxenye yesistimu yokujikeleza kwegazi yomzimba wakho ongaphezulu. Ungumthambo obhangqiwe , okusho ukuthi kunemithambo emibili yale mithambo ohlangothini ngalunye lomzimba wakho, ngakwesokudla nakwesobunxele.

• Umthambo We-Brachiocephalic Wesokudla
• Umthambo We-Brachiocephalic Wesobunxele

Le mithambo ye-brachiocephalic yesokudla nesobunxele iyahlangana ukusiza ukuthwala igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo lisuka emzimbeni wakho ongaphezulu, okungukuthi, ekhanda lakho, entanyeni nasezingalweni, libuyele enhliziyweni yakho. Cabanga ngakho njengochungechunge lwemigwaqo emincane ehlangana ndawonye ukuze yakhe umgwaqo omkhulu.

Uyini umsebenzi walo mthambo?

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wemithambo yakho ye-brachiocephalic, njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, ukuthwala igazi eliphelelwe umoya-mpilo lisuka ekhanda lakho, entanyeni nasezingalweni libuyele enhliziyweni yakho. Le mithambo empeleni iyizingxenye ezimbili ezincane, kodwa ezibaluleke kakhulu, zesistimu enkulu yemithambo yegazi ethwala igazi emzimbeni wakho ongaphezulu. Cabanga ngayo njengepayipi elide elinezingxenye eziningi ezixhumene. Uma usika ingxenye eyodwa phakathi, akukho lutho oluzogeleza kulo lonke ipayipi, akunjalo? Yileyo ndlela yonke imithambo emzimbeni wethu esebenza ngayo ndawonye ukugcina igazi lihamba kahle. Imithambo ngayinye isiza ukuthwala igazi endleleni efanele, liye endaweni efanele.

Igazi lihamba kanjani?

Manje ake sibone ukuthi umthambo we-brachiocephalic uhileleke kanjani kule nto enkulu. 1. Imithambo yakho ye-brachiocephalic yesokudla nesobunxele iyahlangana ukuze yakhe umthambo omkhulu obizwa ngokuthi i-Superior Vena Cava yakho. Lona utholakala ngaphezu kwenhliziyo yakho, futhi welula phansi bese uqoqa igazi ekamelweni eliphezulu ngakwesokudla kwenhliziyo yakho, i-atrium yesokudla . 2. Ukusuka lapho, igazi lakho lihamba ohlangothini lwesokudla lwenhliziyo yakho liye emaphashini ukuze lithathe umoya-mpilo. 3. Ngemva kokuthatha umoya-mpilo, igazi libuyela enhliziyweni, bese i-ventricle yesobunxele ipompa lelo gazi emzimbeni wakho wonke. Ngakho-ke, uyabona, umthambo we-brachiocephalic ungumxhumanisi obaluleke kakhulu osiza igazi lakho ukuthi lihambe enhliziyweni yakho, emaphashini akho, futhi ekugcineni emzimbeni wakho wonke.

Lo mthambo we-brachiocephalic wakheka kanjani?

Umthambo wakho we-subclavian (lo umthambo ohamba ngaphansi kwe-collarbone) kanye nomthambo wangaphakathi we-jugular(Lona umthambo omkhulu entanyeni) Umthambo we-brachiocephalic wakheka lapho imithambo emibili ihlangana. Lokhu kuhlangana kwenzeka ngokwehlukana ohlangothini lwesokudla nolwesobunxele lomzimba wakho.

Ikuphi i-brachiocephalic vein?

Le mithambo ye-brachiocephalic itholakala esifubeni sakho esingaphezulu, ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho. Itholakala ngaphansi kwethambo lakho le-collarbone (clavicle), eduze kancane namahlombe akho. Nansi indlela eqala ngayo:

• Umthambo we-brachiocephalic wesokudla: Yilapho umthambo wakho we-subclavian wesokudla kanye nomthambo we-jugular wangaphakathi wesokudla kuhlangana khona. Ugeleza uqonde phansi, uye enhliziyweni .
• Umthambo We-Brachiocephalic Wesobunxele: Yilapho kuhlangana khona umthambo wakho we-subclavian wesobunxele nomthambo we-jugular wangaphakathi wesobunxele. Lo mude kancane kunomunye, futhi uthatha indlela ehlukile kancane. Uhamba ngokuvundlile, nge-engeli ephansi kancane, ukuze uhlangane nomthambo we-brachiocephalic wesokudla. Endleleni, udlula phezu kwe -aortic arch yakho naphambi kwemithambo yakho ye-carotid ( imithambo eyinhloko entanyeni yakho). Bese ujoyina umthambo we-brachiocephalic wesokudla. Yilapho i-vena cava ephezulu iqala khona.

Yimiphi eminye imithambo exhumanisa nomthambo we-brachiocephalic?

Igazi elivela emithanjeni eminingi emincane lijoyina le mithambo ye-brachiocephalic. Eminye yayo yile:

• Imithambo Yangaphakathi Ye-Jugular
• Imithambo ye-Subclavian
• Imithambo Ye-Thyroid Ephansi Kwesobunxele Nakwesokudla
• Imithambo Yesifuba Yangaphakathi Yesobunxele Nesokudla (ebizwa nangokuthi Imithambo Yesifuba Yangaphakathi)
• Imithambo Yethambo Yesinqe Yesobunxele Nesokudla
• Umthambo We-Intercostal Ophezulu Wesobunxele

Yonke le mithambo ithwala igazi elilahlekelwe umoya-mpilo futhi elidinga ukubuyela enhliziyweni.

Ingakanani le ndlela?

Imithambo yakho ye-brachiocephalic yesokudla nesobunxele ihluke kancane ngobukhulu.

• Umthambo we-brachiocephalic wesokudla ungamasentimitha amabili kuya kwamathathu ubude. Cabanga ngakho, ubude bawo bungamaphilisi amabili e-aspirin avamile abekwe eceleni.
• Umthambo wesobunxele we-brachiocephalic mude, cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-6.

Yenziwe ngani i-brachiocephalic vein?

Njengeminye imithambo yakho, le mithambo ye-brachiocephalic yakhiwe ngezingqimba ezintathu ezakhiwe ngezinhlobo ezintathu zezicubu kanye nemicu:

• I-Tunica Adventitia (ungqimba olungaphandle): Yilokhu okunikeza umthambo ukuma kwawo kanye nesakhiwo sawo.
• I-Tunica Media (ungqimba oluphakathi):Iqukethe amangqamuzana emisipha abushelelezi. Yilokhu okuvumela umthambo ukuba unwebeke noma unciphe njengoba igazi lihamba kuwo.
• I-Tunica Intima (ungqimba olungaphakathi): Lokhu kunolwelwesi olwakhiwe ngamaseli e-endothelial abushelelezi. Lokhu kuvumela igazi ukuthi lihambe kalula ngemithambo ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa.

Okubalulekile, imithambo ye-brachiocephalic ayinawo ama-valve njengeminye imithambo yakho eminingi. Ama-valve avimba igazi ukuthi lingagelezi emuva.

Yiziphi izinguquko zomzimba emthanjeni we-brachiocephalic?

Abanye abantu bazalwa benokwehluka okuthile komzimba emithanjeni yabo ye-brachiocephalic. Enye yezinto ezivame kakhulu umthambo we-brachiocephalic we-retroaortic . Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umthambo we-brachiocephalic wesobunxele ugijima ngaphansi kwe-aortic arch esikhundleni sawo, njengoba kuvame ukwenza. Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni sokugijima phambi kwe -aorta yakho ekhuphukayo ( ingxenye yokuqala ye-aorta yakho), lo mthambo ugijima ngemuva kwawo. Lokhu kwehluka kwemithambo ye-brachiocephalic kwenzeka cishe kubantwana abangu-1 kwabangu-250. Uma lokhu kwehluka kuyikona kuphela okukhona, okungukuthi, uma kungekho esinye isifo senhliziyo, ngokuvamile akubangeli monakalo. Kodwa ngokuvamile lezi zinguquko zibonakala ezinganeni ezinesifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso (CHD) . Ezinye zalezi zifo yilezi:

• Izinguquko ze-Aortic Arch, njenge-Double Aortic Arch.
• Izimbobo eziphakathi kwe-atria noma phakathi kwama-ventricle (ama-Atrial Septal Defects noma ama-Ventricular Septal Defects)
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Aorta.
• I-Tetralogy of Fallot (mhlawumbe nge-pulmonary atresia).
• Ukubuya Kwemithambo Yemithambo Yephaphu Okungajwayelekile.
• I-Truncus Arteriosus.

Cishe ama-60% ala macala ahlanganisa i-CHD encane. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izingane zingase zibe ne-CHD enzima edinga ukwelashwa noma ukuhlinzwa.

Kungani lezi zinguquko zibalulekile?

Lezi zinguquko zesakhiwo emithanjeni ye-brachiocephalic zibaluleke kakhulu uma udinga ukuhlinzwa okuthile noma izinqubo zezokwelapha. Isibonelo:

• Uma kuxhunywe ku-cardiopulmonary bypass (umshini wenhliziyo namaphaphu).
• Uma ufaka i -pacemaker .

Isizathu salokhu ukuthi uma wenza izinto ezinjengalezi, imithambo yakho ye-brachiocephalic noma izindawo ezizungezile zingathinteka. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho uzokwenza izinto ezifana "nokuhlolwa kwezithombe" ukuze abheke isakhiwo somzimba wakho ngaphambi kokwenza into efana nale. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazokwenza izinguquko lapho benza ukuhlinzwa noma inqubo njengoba kudingeka.

Yiziphi izimo ezithinta umthambo we-brachiocephalic?

Kunezimo eziningana zezokwelapha ezingathinta umthambo we-brachiocephalic:

• Izinkinga ze-Central Venous Catheter: Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi basebenzisa umthambo wakho we-brachiocephalic ukuze bafinyelele emthanjeni ophakathi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kufakwa ipayipi elincane neliguquguqukayo kulo mthambo ukuze likunike uketshezi noma imithi. Izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngalokhu zifaka phakathi ukubhoboka komthambo noma i-deep vein thrombosis engenhla. Akuvamile ukuthi kube nezinto ezifana ne-pseudoaneurysms.
• I-Stenosis: Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingabangela ukuthi lo mthambo ube mncane. Isibonelo, uma usebenzisa i-dialysis , udokotela wakho angase adale i-arteriovenous fistula (uhlobo lomthambo wegazi oluxhumanisa umthambo nomthambo) ukuze kube lula nge-dialysis. Lokhu kuvame ukuhilela umthambo we-brachiocephalic. I-vein stenosis iyinkinga engavamile yale nqubo.
• Izimila: Izimila eziyinhloko ze-mediastinal zingabangela ukuthi lo mthambo uvuvuke futhi uvimbele ukugeleza kwegazi, noma zingabangelwa umdlavuza webele osakazeke kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswa odokotela ukuhlola lo mthambo?

Odokotela bangasebenzisa izivivinyo ezinjengalezi ukuhlola izinkinga ngemithambo yakho ye-brachiocephalic, njenge:

• I-Duplex Ultrasound
• I-CT Scan `(I-Computed Tomography - I-CT Scan)`
• Iskeni se-MRI `(Isithombe Sokuzwakala Kwe-Magnetic - I-MRI )`
• I-Venogram (ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwe-X-ray kwemithambo yegazi)

Ngakho-ke singawugcina kanjani lo mthambo we-brachiocephalic uphilile?

Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo yenhliziyo, ungagcina yonke imithambo yegazi yakho, okuhlanganisa nale mithambo ye-brachiocephalic, isebenza kahle. Nazi amathiphu ambalwa:

• Yeka ukubhema kanye nayo yonke imikhiqizo kagwayi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Phuza amanzi amaningi. Ukuphuza amanzi anele ngosuku kuhle kakhulu emzimbeni.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo.Lokhu kusiza ukulawula umfutho wegazi lakho, amazinga e-cholesterol, kanye nesisindo somzimba.
• Hamba uyohamba. Zama ukuhamba imizuzu engama-30 okungenani izinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto. Kodwa qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala isimiso esisha sokuzivocavoca.
• Hambahamba kancane usuku lonke. Ukuthatha ikhefu elifushane lokuhlala unganyakazi nokunyakaza komzimba wakho kusiza ekuthuthukiseni ukujikeleza kwegazi.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Umthambo wakho we-brachiocephalic uyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwakho lokujikeleza kwegazi. Yiwona othwala igazi eliphelelwe umoya-mpilo lisuka emzimbeni wakho ongaphezulu uliyise enhliziyweni yakho. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza konke ongakwenza ukuze ugcine umthambo wakho we-brachiocephalic, kanye nayo yonke eminye imithambo yakho, uphilile.

Ukwamukela imikhuba enempilo yenhliziyo kungasiza imithambo yakho isebenze kangcono iminyaka ezayo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinguquko ongazenza endleleni yakho yansuku zonke. Angakunikeza iseluleko esingcono kakhulu kuwe.

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi lube wusizo kuwe. Ukwazi ngalezi zinhlelo ezimangalisayo ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu kusenza sibe nesithakazelo esikhulu ekuzigcineni ziphilile, akunjalo?