Yini oyaziyo ngale ndawo emangalisayo esifubeni (i-mediastinum)? Ake sixoxe ngokuningiliziwe!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi inhliziyo yakho kanye nemithambo yegazi emikhulu igcinwa kanjani iphephile futhi iphilile esifubeni sakho? I-mediastinum iyindawo ebalulekile esiza ukuyigcina iphephile, njengendlu. Kalula nje, iyindawo ebaluleke kakhulu esifubeni sethu, phakathi kwamaphaphu amabili. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa namuhla.

Iyini i-Mediastinum?

Kalula nje, i-mediastinum yakho yindawo engaphakathi kwesifuba sakho. Iqukethe inhliziyo yakho nezinye izakhiwo eziningana ezibalulekile. Umgodi wesifuba sakho, noma umgodi wesifuba, wakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko. Ezinye izingxenye ezimbili umgodi we-pleural kwesobunxele, oqukethe iphaphu lakho lesobunxele, kanye nomgodi we-pleural wesokudla, oqukethe iphaphu lakho lesokudla. Isikhala esiphakathi kwalezo zimbobo ezimbili ze-pleural yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-mediastinum. Yindawo ebaluleke kakhulu, akunjalo?

Yiziphi izakhiwo eziku-mediastinum?

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zezakhiwo ngaphakathi kwe-mediastinum yakho, okuhlanganisa izitho zomzimba nemithambo yegazi. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.

Izitho zomzimba eziku-mediastinum:

• Umphimbo : Uma udla, ukudla kuhamba kusuka emphinjeni kuya esiswini sakho nge-esophagus, noma ipayipi lokudla njengoba sikubiza kanjalo. Kuhamba nangale mediastinum.
• Inhliziyo : Inhliziyo, epompa igazi emzimbeni wethu wonke, itholakala phakathi nale mediastinum. Ubuwazi ukuthi kukhona isembozo esifana nesikhwama esivikelayo esizungeze inhliziyo, esibizwa ngokuthi i -pericardium ?
• I-Thymus: Lena yindlala esiza amasosha omzimba ethu. Isebenza kakhulu lapho sisebancane, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kokuthomba. Itholakala engxenyeni engenhla, engaphambili ye-mediastinum.
• Umphimbo : Umphimbo womoya, noma i-bronchi, osisiza ukuphefumula utholakala phambi komhubhe. Uqala phansi entanyeni uye esifubeni, bese uhlukana kabili bese uya ohlangothini ngalunye lwamaphaphu.

Imithambo yegazi ku-mediastinum:

• Umthambo we-brachiocephalic wesobunxele: Lo mthambo usiza ukubuyisa igazi elivela ohlangothini lwesobunxele lomzimba wethu ongaphezulu liye enhliziyweni. Uxhumene ngqo nomthambo omkhulu obizwa ngokuthi i-vena cava ephezulu.
• I-vena cava ephezulu:Lona umthambo omkhulu othwala igazi lisuka emzimbeni ongaphezulu liye enhliziyweni. Uxhumeke ngqo ne-atrium efanele, igumbi eliphezulu kwesokudla lenhliziyo.
• Isiqu sephaphu: Lo mthambo wegazi uxhuma kwi-ventricle yesokudla yenhliziyo endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-pulmonary valve. Ngemva kokuphuma enhliziyweni, uhlukana ube yimithambo yamaphaphu yesokudla nesobunxele, uthwale igazi uye emaphashini ukuze uthole umoya-mpilo.
• I-aorta yesifuba: Umthambo omkhulu kunayo yonke emzimbeni wethu yi -aorta . Yiwona othwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo kuzo zonke izitho nezicubu zomzimba. Uxhuma ne-ventricle yesobunxele yenhliziyo ku-valve ye-aorta. Ukusuka lapho, uhamba esifubeni nasesiswini. Ingxenye edlula esifubeni, i-aorta yesifuba, itholakala ku-mediastinum. Iphinde ibe nezingxenye, isibonelo, i-aorta ekhuphukayo, i-aorta yesifuba, kanye ne-aorta yesifuba ehlayo.

Ezinye izakhiwo ku-mediastinum:

Ngaphezu kwalezi zinto eziyinhloko, kunezinye izinto kulesi sikhala:

• Izicubu ezinamafutha nezixhumeneyo
• Ama-lymph node
• Imizwa
• Umsele wesifuba
• Umgogodla wesifuba (ingxenye yomgogodla ehlobene nesifuba)

Yimiphi imisebenzi ye-mediastinum?

Kulungile, kwenzekani-ke kule mediastinum? Kubaluleke ngani lokhu?

• Njengekhaya lenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi emikhulu: Isebenza njengendawo ephephile nezinzile yemithambo yegazi emikhulu exhunywe ngqo enhliziyweni futhi ethwala igazi ngaphakathi nangaphandle, kanye nenhliziyo.
• Ihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa: I-thymus ivikela izitho ezibalulekile njengenhliziyo. Izicubu ezinamafutha kanye nezicubu ezixhumene nazo ku-mediastinum zisebenza njengesivikelo esizungeze lezi zitho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-sternum, noma 'ithambo lesifuba esiphakathi ', elingaphambili kwesifuba sethu, lihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okwengeziwe kule ndawo ebalulekile.
• Isebenza njengendlela yokungena: Cabanga ngayo njengesiteshi sesitimela esibalulekile . I-mediastinum isebenza njengendlela yokuhamba kwezinto (njengokudla nokuphefumula) phakathi kwentamo nesifuba, naphakathi kwesifuba nesisu. Isibonelo, umphimbo uthwala ukudla neziphuzo kusuka emphinjeni kuya esiswini ngale mediastinum.

Ikuphi i-mediastinum?

Manje usuyazi kahle ukuthi i-mediastinum ikuphi. Iphakathi kwesifuba, phakathi kwamaphaphu amabili.Igama lesiLatini elithi "mediastinum" lisho "phakathi nendawo". Imingcele yalo imi kanje:

• Umngcele ophakeme: Lapho intamo iqala khona, okungukuthi, isisekelo sentamo.
• Umngcele ophansi: I-diaphragm. Lona umsipha omkhulu ohlukanisa umgodi wesifuba nomgodi wesisu.
• Umngcele ongaphambili: I-sternum, noma ithambo eliphakathi lesifuba.
• Umngcele ongemuva: umgogodla.
• Imingcele eseceleni: Amasaka e-pleural azungeze amaphaphu angakwesobunxele nakwesokudla.

Yiziphi izingxenye ze-mediastinum?

Manje ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini izingxenye zale mediastinum. Ihlukaniswe izingxenye eziningana. Odokotela babiza lezi ngokuthi 'izindawo'. Kunezindlela eziningana zokuzihlukanisa. Into eyinhloko okudingeka uyikhumbule ukuthi i-mediastinum ingahlukaniswa ibe yizingxenye ezintathu noma ezine. Futhi lawo magama abhekisela lapho lezo zingxenye zesifuba zikhona.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba ezine kwendabuko

Ngokwalolu hlelo oludala, lwendabuko, i-mediastinum ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezine:

• I-mediastinum ephezulu: Ingxenye ephezulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwenhliziyo.
• I-mediastinum yangaphambili: Indawo ephambi kwenhliziyo. Phakathi kwenhliziyo ne-sternum.
• I-mediastinum ephakathi: Ingxenye equkethe inhliziyo.
• I-mediastinum engemuva: Ingxenye engemuva kwenhliziyo.

Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kusekelwe ezithombeni ze-X-ray. Ngakho-ke, kubheka inhliziyo ngezindlela ezimbili (2D).

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye ezintathu ze-ITMIG

I-International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group (ITMIG) yethule lolu hlelo olusha olunezingxenye ezintathu. Lusekelwe ekuthathweni kwezithombe ezinqamula izigaba (ama-CT scan) futhi luwumbono wenhliziyo onezinhlangothi ezintathu (3D). Ngokwalolu hlelo, i-mediastinum ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu: 1. I-Prevascular compartment: Lokhu kutholakala phambi kwenhliziyo, phakathi kwenhliziyo nethambo lesifuba. Kuqukethe:

• Amafutha
• Umthambo we-brachiocephalic wesobunxele
• Ama-lymph node
• I-Thymus

2. I-visceral compartment: Lena yingxenye ephakathi, lapho inhliziyo ikhona khona. Yini engaphakathi kwayo:

• I-Esophagus (ingxenye yayo)
• Inhliziyo
• Ama-lymph node
• Isiqu sephaphu
• I-vena cava ephezulu
• I-aorta yesifuba
• Umsele wesifuba
• I-Trachea (ingxenye yayo)

3. Isigaba se-Paravertebral:Lokhu kutholakala ngemuva kwenhliziyo, phakathi kwenhliziyo nomgogodla. Kuqukethe:

• Izicubu ezithambile ze-Paravertebral
• Umgogodla wesifuba

Khumbula, i-mediastinum akuyona indawo eyisicaba, iyisikhala esinezinhlangothi ezintathu (3D). Kufana ne-diorama owakha ngaphakathi kwebhokisi elincane. Izinto ezingaphakathi zihlelwe ngendlela ehlelekile ukusiza imizimba yethu isebenze kahle. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifo zingathinta izitho nezicubu eziku-mediastinum, futhi lokhu kulinganisela okubucayi kungaphazanyiswa.

Yiziphi izimo ezivamile ezithinta i-mediastinum?

Izimo ezahlukahlukene zingathinta izitho nezicubu eziku-mediastinum. Ezinye zazo ziqala ku-mediastinum uqobo, njengezimila eziyinhloko noma ama-cyst agcwele uketshezi. Ngezinye izikhathi, isifo, njengomdlavuza, singasakazekela ku-mediastinum sisuka kwenye indawo emzimbeni. Ukutheleleka kwesistimu okuthinta umzimba wonke kungathinta ne-mediastinum. Ezinye zezimo ezingathinta i-mediastinum zifaka:

• Ukusikwa kwe-aorta
• I-tamponade yenhliziyo
• Umdlavuza we-Esophageal
• I-Goiter
• Isifo senhliziyo
• I-Lymphoma ( umdlavuza wesistimu ye-lymphatic)
• Izimila ze-mediastinal
• I-Mediastinitis ( ukuvuvukala noma ukutheleleka kwe-mediastinum)
• I-Myasthenia gravis (isifo sobuthakathaka bemisipha)
• I-aneurysm ye-aorta yesifuba (ukuvuvukala kwengxenye yesifuba ye-aorta)

Lezi zimo zinezimpawu kanye nokwelashwa okuhlukile. Uma ungaqiniseki ngesimo esithile, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngaso.

Iyini i-Widened Mediastinum?

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bethi i-mediastinum "iyavuleka" ngemva kwe-X-ray. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ibukwa kusukela emuva kuya phambili (umbono we-anteroposterior) ku-X-ray, ibanzi kunokujwayelekile, ngokuvamile ngamasentimitha angaphezu kwangu-8. Lesi yisibonakaliso somtholampilo udokotela asibonayo, hhayi isifo . I-mediastinum ebanzi ingabonisa izimo ezahlukene zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo. Isibonelo:

• Ukusikwa kwe-aorta
• Ukuphuka kwembambo noma umgogodla (umgogodla)
• I-tamponade yenhliziyo
• Isimila se-mediastinal
• I-Mediastinitis
• I-aneurysm ye-aorta yesifuba

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuhlola impilo ye-mediastinum?

Udokotela wakho angase asebenzise izivivinyo ezinjengalezi ukuhlola i-mediastinum:

• I-X-ray yesifuba
• I-CT scan (i-computed tomography (CT scan))
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI (ukuskena kwe-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI))
• I-Mediastinoscopy ( ukwethulwa kwekhamera encane)
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound

Udokotela wakho angase akuncome lokhu kuhlolwa ukuze akusize uthole imbangela yezimpawu zakho noma ukuqapha isimo esesivele sitholakale. Qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ozifunayo, ukuthi kungani uzifuna, nokuthi ungazilungiselela kanjani.

Ngingayigcina kanjani i-mediastinum yami iphilile?

Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo, ungazivikela ezimweni eziningi ezithinta i-mediastinum. Nazi ezinye izeluleko ezilula zokukusiza:

• Gwema ukubhema nayo yonke imikhiqizo kagwayi. Funa iseluleko nokusekelwa kudokotela wakho ukuze akusize uyeke ukubhema.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo. Yidla imifino eminingi, izithelo, ubhontshisi, kanye nokusanhlamvu okuphelele. Nciphisa uwoyela, usawoti, kanye noshukela.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo. Kungumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala uhlelo olusha lokuzivocavoca.
• Nciphisa noma uyeke ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa utshwala .
• Thatha imithi oyinikezwe yona ngesikhathi esifanele.
• Hamba uyohlolwa njalo ngonyaka . Ngaleyo ndlela, uma kukhona inkinga, ingatholakala kusenesikhathi.

Okokugcina, okufanele ukukhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi usunombono omuhle wokuthi iyini i-mediastinum, ukuthi iqukethe ini, nokuthi ibaluleke kangakanani.

I-mediastinum yindawo ebaluleke kakhulu esifubeni sethu, phakathi kwamaphaphu, ebamba futhi ivikele inhliziyo nezinye izinto eziningi ezibalulekile. Ngokuvamile, sicabanga ngezitho ezinkulu ezingaphakathi kwayo, njengenhliziyo, kodwa singakhohlwa ngalesi sikhala esibizwa ngokuthi i-mediastinum.

Kodwa-ke, kungaba kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukwakheka kwe-mediastinum kanye namagama asetshenziswa odokotela, ikakhulukazi uma wena noma othile oseduze nawe etholakale enalesi simo. Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana ne-mediastinum noma ukuthi iyithinta kanjani impilo yakho, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Bazokujabulela ukuchaza konke okudingeka ukwazi.