Cishe uke wahlolwa i-X-ray, i-CT scan, noma i-MRI scan. Noma udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi ukucele ukuthi wenze eyodwa. Ngakho-ke, uyazi ukuthi ubani umuntu obheka lezi zithombe bese ekutshela kahle ukuthi kwenzekani emzimbeni wakho? Lowo ngudokotela we-radiology esizokhuluma ngaye namuhla.

Ubani lo okuthiwa yi-radiologist?

Kalula nje, isazi se-radiology singudokotela ochwepheshe. Umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko ukusebenzisa imishini ehlukahlukene yokuthwebula izithombe , esiyibiza ngokuthi imishini yokuskena, ukuhlola ingaphakathi lemizimba yethu, ukuhlonza izifo nokulimala, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokusiza ngokwelashwa. Cabanga ngakho, ingaphakathi lemizimba yethu alibonakali ngaphandle, ngakho laba odokotela babheka ngaphakathi emzimbeni ngemishini ekhethekile bese bethola ukuthi kukhona yini okungahambi kahle lapho.

Iyini le mishini yokuthwebula izithombe abayisebenzisayo?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemishini abayisebenzisayo. Cishe uke wezwa ngala magama. Ake sibheke ukuthi ayini:

• I-CT scan ( i-computed tomography - i-CT) : Abanye abantu bakubiza nangokuthi "i-CAT scan". Lokhu kungathatha izithombe ezinemininingwane eminingi zengaphakathi lomzimba. Kungabuka izingxenye zengqimba yomzimba ngengqimba, njengokusika isinkwa.
• I-Fluoroscopy : Lokhu kufana ne-X-ray ehambayo. Ikuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuthi izitho zomzimba ngaphakathi zisebenza kanjani ngesikhathi sangempela , njengevidiyo. Isibonelo, isetshenziselwa ukubona ukuthi uketshezi luhamba kanjani uma ulugwinya.
• Ukuthwebula Izithombe Okuhlanganisiwe : Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlanganisa izithombe ezivela ezinhlotsheni ezimbili ezahlukene zokuskena, njengokuskena kwe-``(PET)`` kanye nokuskena kwe-``(CT)``, ukuze kutholakale ulwazi olucacile nolunemininingwane eminingi. Into engabonakali kokuskena okukodwa ingabonakala kokunye, futhi lapho lokhu kokubili kuhlanganiswa, kutholakala isithombe esiphelele.
• I-MRI Scan (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging - i-MRI) kanye ne-Magnetic Resonance Angiography - i-MRA : I-MRI ingaveza izithombe ezicacile nezinemininingwane. I-MRI iwusizo kakhulu ekubhekeni izicubu ezithambile njengobuchopho, umgogodla, amalunga, kanye nemisipha. Ayisebenzisi imisebe, kodwa isebenzisa insimu yamagnetic. I-MRA uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-MRI olubheka imithambo yegazi.
• I-Mammography : Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngalokhu, ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwe-``(X-ray)`` okusetshenziselwa ukuthola umdlavuza webele kusenesikhathi. Lokhu ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu kwabesifazane.
• Ukuthwebula Izithombe Zemithi Yenuzi: Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza inani elincane kakhulu lento engenangozi ekhipha imisebe (`i-radioactive tracer`) emzimbeni (kungaba ngomlomo noma ngomjovo), nokuwubuka uhamba emzimbeni ngekhamera ekhethekile (`ikhamera ye-gamma`). Lokhu kunganikeza umbono omuhle wokuthi izitho zisebenza kanjani nokuthi zisebenza kahle kangakanani. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi ukuskena kwe-thyroid kanye nokuskena kwamathambo.
• Ukuskena kwe-PET ( i-Positron Emission Tomography - i-PET) : Lolu futhi uhlobo olukhethekile lokuskena oluwela ngaphansi kwesigaba esithi "I-Nuclear Medicine Imaging". Lusetshenziswa kakhulu ukubona ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhona yini, ukuthi asakazeke yini, nokuthi asabela kanjani ekwelashweni. Kungabheka nokusebenza kwamaseli emzimbeni.
• I-Ultrasound : Lokhu kusebenzisa amaza omsindo avame kakhulu ukudala izithombe zangaphakathi lomzimba. Lokhu futhi akusebenzisi imisebe. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ingane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokubheka izitho zesisu (njengesibindi, izinso, kanye ne-spleen).
• Ama-X-ray : Lolu vivinyo sonke esilwaziyo, futhi luvame ukuba lolokuqala olwenziwayo. Lusetshenziswa ukubheka izinto ezifana nokuphuka kwamathambo, kanye nokuthatha i-X-ray yesifuba ukubheka izimo ezifana ne-pneumonia emaphashini.

Yiziphi izindawo eziyinhloko ze-radiology?

Kunezindawo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze -radiology . Okungukuthi, izindawo ezintathu eziyinhloko lapho ochwepheshe be-radiology begxile khona.

1. I-Diagnostic Radiology

2. I-Radiology Yokungenelela

3. I -Radiation Oncology

Kunezinye izinto ezikhethekile ngaphansi kwalezi zindawo. Manje ake sixoxe ngalezi zindawo ezintathu eziyinhloko ngemininingwane ethile.

1. Iyini i-Diagnostic Radiology?

Lona umkhakha esiwuzwile kaningi, futhi lowo esiwujwayele kakhulu. Odokotela be-Diagnostic Radiologists babheka ama-scan esikhulume ngawo ngaphambili, okungukuthi , bawahlaziye (bawachaze) , bese bebona ukuthi izakhiwo nezitho zomzimba zinjani. Kusukela kulezi zithombe, bangakwazi:

• Thola izifo. Isibonelo, uma ukhwehlela bese uthola i-X-ray, ungase ubone ukuthi une-pneumonia yini. Noma, uma uphethwe yikhanda, ungase uthole i-MRI ukuze ubone ukuthi unesifo esifana nesimila sobuchopho.
• Uma okwamanje welashwa ngesifo esithile, qapha indlela osabela ngayo ekwelashweni.Cabanga ngokwenza i-CT scan yomuntu othola ukwelashwa komdlavuza bese ubona ukuthi isimila sinciphile, sikhule kakhulu, noma asishintshile.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezimo ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kusho ukuhlola ukuthi kukhona yini isifo ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu. Isibonelo, i-mammography yokuthola umdlavuza webele kusenesikhathi, ukuhlolwa kokuhlola umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu, noma ukuhlolwa kokuhlola izimo zenhliziyo.

2. Kuyini i-Interventional Radiology?

Lona umkhakha ohlukile futhi othakazelisayo kakhulu. Ochwepheshe be-Radiologists abasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuthwebula izithombe njenge-CT scans, i-ultrasound, kanye ne-MRI ukwenza ukwelashwa okungekona ukuhlinzwa. Kalula nje, babheka lezi skeni bese befaka izinto ezincane ezifana nama-catheter (amashubhu amancane) kanye nezintambo emzimbeni ukuze benze ukwelashwa. Lokhu akudingi ukusikwa okukhulu, kodwa kunalokho ukusikwa okuncane . Lokhu kuphumela ezikhathini zokululama ezimfushane kanye nezinkinga ezimbalwa.

Cabanga nje, njengokusebenzisa i -GPS ukuthola indlela yakho, laba odokotela basebenzisa izithombe eziskeniwe ukuze baye endaweni efanele emzimbeni futhi bakwelaphe.

Ezinye zezimo eziphathwa ngale ndlela yilezi:

• Umdlavuza noma izimila. Ezinye izimila zelashwa ngokujova imithi ngqo kuzo (`chemoembolization`), noma ngokuvala imithambo yegazi enikeza zona (`embolization`) ukuze kubhujiswe isimila, noma ngokusebenzisa ukushisa (`ablation`).
• Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi noma imithambo yegazi. Isibonelo, uma umthambo wegazi emlenzeni uvalekile, ungavulwa ngebhaluni (i-angioplasty) noma kufakwe i -stent (ithubhu elincane eline-mesh) ukuze kubuyiselwe ukugeleza kwegazi.
• Ama-fibroids esibeletho. Lokhu kungelashwa futhi nge-"embolization".
• Ubuhlungu bomhlane. Kokunye ubuhlungu bomhlane, izinto ezifana nemijovo ye-steroid zinganikezwa endaweni efanele ngokusekelwe kuskeni.
• Ezinye izinkinga zesibindi nezinso. Isibonelo, le nqubo isetshenziselwa ukwenza i-biopsy (kuthathwa ingcezu yezicubu ukuze ihlolwe) noma ukufaka amapayipi emigudwini ye-bile noma emapheshaneni omchamo avaliwe.

3. Iyini i-Radiation Oncology?

Sithi amanye amasu okuthwebula izithombe ahilela imisebe. Kodwa-ke, uma isetshenziswa ekuxilongeni, leyo misebe ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ukwelapha izifo. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ochwepheshe ababizwa ngokuthi odokotela be-Radiation Oncologists abenza ukwelashwa ngemisebe.Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza kanye nezinye izimo ezingezona ezomdlavuza (ezingembi).

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuyindlela yokwelapha umdlavuza esebenzisa imisebe enamandla enamandla, njenge-X-ray noma ezinye izinhlobo zemisebe, ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukuwavimba ekukhuleni nasekuhlukaneni kwawo. Isebenza ngokulimaza i-DNA yamangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Laba odokotela be-radiation cancer yibo abahlela futhi banqume imithamo efanele yemisebe yohlobo ngalunye lomdlavuza, indlela yokwandisa umthelela emaseli omdlavuza ngenkathi benciphisa umonakalo emaseli anempilo. Bayazi nokuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kohlobo lwakho lomdlavuza, uhlobo lomdlavuza, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.

Ingabe odokotela be-Radiologists bangodokotela?

Yebo, impela! Odokotela be-radiology bangodokotela. Bonke odokotela be-radiology abanelayisensi baqede isikole sezokwelapha futhi bathole iziqu zobudokotela, kungaba yi-Doctor of Medicine (MD) noma i-Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) . Ngakho-ke, banolwazi olujulile lwezokwelapha mayelana nomzimba nezifo.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Radiologist kanye ne-Radiologic Technologist?

Lena indawo lapho abantu abaningi bedideka khona. Kodwa laba ababili bangabantu ababili abahlukene, futhi imisebenzi yabo ihlukile.

• Udokotela we-X-ray udokotela oqeqeshwe ukufunda nokuhumusha , okungukuthi, ukuhlaziya, lezo zithombe eziskenwayo nokunikeza ukuxilongwa .
• Isazi Sezobuchwepheshe Bemisebe , ngezinye izikhathi esibizwa ngokuthi i-Radiographer , singuchwepheshe wezokwelapha owenza ama-scan.

Kalula nje, uma uyokwenza i-X-ray, udokotela we-radiologist nguyena okubeka kahle, avule umshini, bese ethatha i-X-ray. Uyakusiza uzizwe ukhululekile, futhi uyaqinisekisa ukuthi izithombe zisezingeni eliphezulu. Kodwa-ke, akabheki izithombe futhi akutshele ukuthi yini engalungile ngawe. Lowo akuwona umsebenzi wakhe.

Udokotela we-X-ray ubheka isithombe, anqume ukuthi unesifo esithile yini ngokusekelwe kulokho okukuso, bese ebhala umbiko ngaso. Uyawuqonda umehluko? Zombili zibalulekile, kodwa imisebenzi yazo ihlukile.

Ngakho-ke yini ngempela eyenziwa yi-radiologist?

Kunemisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile okufanele yenziwe yi-radiologist. Lena yimisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

• Ukubukeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwesithombe kuzokulimaza yini. Isibonelo, uma kukhona okungezwani nomzimba noma yini.Uma kunjalo, uhlobo lodayi wokungafani olusetshenziswa kwezinye izikena lungase lungakulungeli.
• Ukuhumusha imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezithombe zezokwelapha yikho okudinga ulwazi lwabo.
• Ukuqhathanisa okutholakele kulezo zivivinyo zezithombe nezinye izivivinyo kanye nezivivinyo oye wazenza.
• Ukuxoxa nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo othumela kuye ukuze akusize ukhethe ukuhlolwa kwesithombe okufanele kakhulu kuwe, futhi kukusize wenze izinqumo mayelana nokwelashwa kwakho kwesikhathi esizayo ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa.
• Ukubhala imibiko equkethe imiphumela kanye nokuxilongwa. Lo mbiko yilokho okuthumela kudokotela wakho.
• Uma kudingeka, ngincoma ukuhlolwa noma ukwelashwa okwengeziwe.
• Ukwelapha izifo kusetshenziswa imisebe (lokhu kwenziwa ku-`(Radiation Oncology)`) noma ukwenza ukwelashwa okuqondiswa yi-imaging (lokhu kwenziwa ku-`(Interventional Radiology)`).
• Ukufundisa abasebenzi be-radiology ukuthi benze izivivinyo zokuthwebula izithombe noma benze ezinye izivivinyo ngokwabo (ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana ne-Interventional Radiology).

Ingabe kufanele uye esikoleni sezokwelapha ukuze ube yi-radiologist?

Yebo, impela. Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, wonke udokotela we-radiologist onelayisensi uye esikoleni sezokwelapha futhi waphothula kuso. Leso yisiqu esiyisisekelo.

Umuntu uba kanjani isazi se-radiology?

Ukuba yi-radiologist akuyona uhambo olulula. Kudinga ukuzinikela okukhulu, isikhathi, kanye nemfundo. Hlola lezi zinyathelo:

1. Okokuqala, udinga ukuqedela imfundo yangaphambi kokwelashwa kanye neziqu ze-bachelor eyunivesithi noma ekolishi.

2. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukuthola iziqu zobudokotela esikoleni sezokwelapha esigunyaziwe (cishe iminyaka emi-4-5).

3. Kumelwe uphumelele ukuhlolwa kwelayisensi yezokwelapha (isibonelo, e-United States, i-United States Medical Licensing Examination - USMLE).

4. Ngemuva kwalokho, kumele baqede okungenani iminyaka emine yokuqeqeshwa kokuhlala kwi-radiology. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho bethola khona ukuqeqeshwa okusebenzayo ezicini ezahlukene ze-radiology.

Odokotela abaningi be-radiology baqeda unyaka owodwa noma emibili yokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile (ubungane) , okubavumela ukuthi bathole ulwazi olujulile namakhono ochwepheshe be-radiology. Ezinye izibonelo zifaka:

• I-radiation oncology
• I-radiology yezingane (okungukuthi, ehlobene nezifo zezingane)
• I-radiology yokungenelela
• Izithombe zesifuba
• I-radiology yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi (inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi)
• I-Neuroradiology (ubuchopho, umgogodla, izinzwa)
• Umuthi wenyukliya

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuba yi-radiologist?

Ngokuvamile kuthatha okungenani iminyaka eyi-13 ukuba yi-radiologist. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Imfundo yangaphambi kweziqu (iminyaka engu-3-4)
• Isikole Sezokwelapha (iminyaka engu-4-5)
• Iminyaka emine yokuqeqeshwa kokuhlala
• Unyaka owodwa noma emibili yokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile (nakuba lokhu kungaphoqelekile, abantu abaningi bayakwenza)

Ngakho ungabona ukuthi lolu hambo lungaba lude futhi luzinikele kangakanani. Yingakho odokotela be-radiology benolwazi lokubheka ama-scan akho nokuthola ulwazi olubalulekile. Bafana “nabaphenyi” bezokwelapha.

Ekugcineni, umyalezo omncane okufanele uwuthathe uye ekhaya.

Ake sithi unesinsolo sesifo esithile, noma kwakudingeka nje ukuthi uhlolwe njengesivivinyo. Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile ngaleso sikhathi. Kodwa khumbula, kukhona umuntu onolwazi olukhethekile nokuqeqeshwa kokubuka izithombe zakho zokuskena futhi afunde imiphumela ngokunembile. Lowo ngudokotela we-radiology .

Bazolungisa umbiko onemininingwane wemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho bese bewuthumela kudokotela wakho okwelaphayo noma eqenjini lezokwelapha. Kulapho-ke kuphela lapho bezonquma khona ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okukulungele.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, uma unemibuzo mayelana nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho, ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho. Unelungelo lokwazi ngempilo yakho. Udokotela we-radiology angase angakuhlangani ngqo, kodwa bayilungu elibaluleke kakhulu lethimba lakho lezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Udokotela wemisebe, ukuskena, ukuxilongwa, ukuskena kwe-CT, ukuskena kwe-MRI, ama-X-ray, ukwelashwa ngemisebe