Wake wama wacabanga ngokuthi zingaki izidalwa eziphilayo ezincane ezihlanganyela umhlaba wethu? Sibiza lezi zinambuzane ngokuthi “ amagciwane .” Nakuba ezinye zingabangela ukugula , ezinye empeleni zidlala indima ewusizo. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi zingobani lezi zidalwa ezincane, ukuthi zikuthinta kanjani, nokuthi ungahlala kanjani uphephile—kuchazwe kalula, njengokuxoxa nomngane.
Ayini Amagciwane? Incazelo Elula
Kalula nje, amagciwane ayizinto eziphilayo ezincane ezingabonakali ngeso lenyama. Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bawabiza ngokuthi ama-microorganism noma ama-microbes. Mancane kakhulu kangangokuthi izinkulungwane zawo zingangena ekhanda lephini ngaphandle kokuthi uqaphele.
Cabanga ngakho: amagciwane akhona yonke indawo! Asemoyeni owuphefumulayo, emanzini owaphuzayo, enhlabathini, ekudleni kwakho, cishe kukho konke okuthintayo. Ahlala ngisho nangaphakathi nangaphakathi emzimbeni wakho. Akumangazi lokho?
Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke amagciwane ayingozi. Amanye empeleni awusizo kakhulu. Isibonelo, amagciwane athile ahlala emathunjini akho akusiza ukuthi ugaye ukudla kwakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagciwane amaningi awusizo asebenza njengesimiso sokuzivikela, evimbela abahlaseli abayingozi ukuthi bangangeni.
Kodwa-ke, amanye amagciwane angabangela ukutheleleka kanye nezifo. Lapho la magciwane ayingozi ehlasela umzimba wakho, yilapho ugula khona. Enye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuvimbela la magciwane ukuthi angasabalali ukugeza izandla zakho kahle futhi kaningi.
Yiziphi Izinhlobo Eziyinhloko Zamagciwane?
Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zamagciwane. Ake sibheke ngayinye eduze.
| Uhlobo lwegciwane | Incazelo | Izibonelo / Ukwelashwa |
|---|---|---|
| Amabhaktheriya | Izinto eziphilayo ezineseli elilodwa. Ezinye ziyasiza, kanti ezinye zikhiqiza ubuthi. | Umphimbo obuhlungu, i-UTI. Ukwelashwa: Ama-antibiotic. |
| Amagciwane | Izinhlayiya ezingezona ezeseli ezidinga amangqamuzana aphilayo ukuze aphile futhi azalane. | Umkhuhlane ovamile, umkhuhlane, isimungumungwane. Ukwelashwa: Ama-antiviral. |
| Isikhunta | Izinto eziphilayo ezifana nezitshalo ezinamaseli amaningi. Zikhula kahle ezindaweni ezifudumele nezimanzi. | Ukutheleleka kwemvubelo, unyawo lomdlali. Ukwelashwa: Imithi yokulwa nesikhunta. |
| I-Protozoa | Izinto eziphilayo ezineseli elilodwa ezifana namaseli ezilwane. Ngokuvamile zisakazeka emanzini angcolile. | Umalaleveva, i-toxoplasmosis. Ukwelashwa: Ama-antiparasitic. |
Atholakala Nini Amagciwane?
Indaba yokutholakala kwamagciwane ibuyela emuva emakhulwini eminyaka. Cishe ngo-1676, usosayensi waseDashi ogama lakhe lingu-Antonie van Leeuwenhoek waqala ukubona amabhaktheriya esebenzisa imakroskopu yakudala azakhela yona. Njengoba i-microbiology ithuthuka, safunda okuningi.
Ngo-1857, isazi semithi saseFrance uLouis Pasteur safakazela ukuthi ukonakala kokudla kwakubangelwa ukungcola kwamagciwane. Lokhu kwaholela ekutheni kube ne-" Germ Theory of Disease " yakhe, eyasungula ukuthi amagciwane angabangela ukutheleleka kanye nezifo. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, ososayensi babekholelwa "ekuzalweni okuzenzakalelayo" - umqondo wokuthi izinto eziphilayo zingavela nje ezintweni ezingaphili. Cabanga ngendlela ehlukile ngayo esibona ngayo umhlaba manje!
Abukeka Kanjani Amagciwane?
Amagciwane amaningi awabonakali ngeso lenyama ngoba mancane kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwe-microscope, ungawabona eza ngezimo ezahlukahlukene, njengezimbulunga ezincane, izinduku, noma imigqa egobile. Mancane kakhulu kangangokuthi ungawabeka emgqeni angaba yi-1,000 phezulu kwerabha yepensela.
Amagciwane Asakazeka Kanjani?
Kunezindlela eziningi amagciwane ahamba ngazo. Nazi ezivame kakhulu:
- Ngokuthintana ngqo: Ukuthinta, ukuqabula, noma ukwabelana ngezitsha nomuntu onegciwane.
- Ngamaconsi okuphefumula: Ukuphefumula umoya ngemva kokuba othile oseduze kwakho ethimula noma ekhwehlela.
- Ngokudluliselwa kwegciwane ngomlomo: Ukuhluleka ukugeza izandla kahle ngemva kokushintsha amanabukeni noma ukusebenzisa indlu yangasese, bese uthinta ikhala lakho, umlomo, noma amehlo.
- Ngezindawo ezingcolisiwe: Ukuthinta izindawo ezivamile (njengezinsika zokuphatha) bese uthinta ubuso bakho.
Amagciwane angasakazeka futhi ngalezi zifo:
- Ukukhulelwa noma ukubeletha kusuka kumama kuya enganeni.
- Ukulunywa yizilwane noma ukulunywa yizinambuzane.
- Inhlabathi, ukudla, noma imithombo yamanzi engcolisiwe.
Singawabhubhisa Kanjani Amagciwane?
Akuzona zonke izinto ezingabulala zonke izinhlobo zegciwane, kodwa ezinye izindlela ezijwayelekile zisebenza kahle kakhulu:
- I-Hydrogen Peroxide : Yebo, ibulala ngempumelelo amabhaktheriya amaningi namagciwane ezindaweni ezingenazo izimbobo.
- Utshwala Obuhlikihlayo: Yebo, kufaka phakathi izihlanzi-zandla eziqukethe okungenani u-70% we-isopropyl alcohol.
- Uviniga: Cha. Uviniga awubhubhisi ngempumelelo amabhaktheriya noma amagciwane amaningi avamile, okuhlanganisa igciwane lomkhuhlane noma i-COVID-19 .
- Ukushisa: Yebo. Izinga lokushisa elingu-60°C (140°F) noma ngaphezulu lingabulala amagciwane amaningi.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele
Ngamafuphi, nansi into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule:
- Amagciwane ayizidalwa eziphilayo ezincane kakhulu ezitholakala yonke indawo.
- Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko: amabhaktheriya, amagciwane, isikhunta , kanye ne-protozoa.
- Nakuba amanye amagciwane ewusizo, amanye angabangela ukugula.
- Indlela elula nephumelela kakhulu yokuvimbela ukusabalala kwamagciwane ukugeza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho.
- Hlala ekhaya uma uzizwa ungaphilile ukuze uvikele abanye.
- Uma ungakwazi ukugeza izandla zakho, sebenzisa isihlanzi sezandla esinotshwala.
Ngokusebenzisa le mikhuba elula, ungazivikela ezifweni eziningi futhi uhlale uphilile. Ingabe lokho kunengqondo?
