Wake wazibuza ukuthi zingaki ezinye izidalwa ezincane ezihlala nathi kuleli zwe? Lezi zidalwa ezincane ngezinye izikhathi ezisigulisayo , kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ezisisizayo, yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi “ amagciwane .” Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngala magciwane, ukuthi angobani, ukuthi asithinta kanjani, nokuthi singazivikela kanjani kuwo. Masiqonde lezi zinto kalula, njengokukhuluma nomngane.
Ziyini lezi zinambuzane? Masiziqonde kalula!
Kalula nje, amagciwane ayiqembu lezinto eziphilayo ezincane kakhulu ukuba zingabonwa ngamehlo ethu. Odokotela bawabiza ngokuthi ``Ama-Microorganisms'' noma ``Ama-Microorganisms''. Mancane kakhulu kangangokuthi ngezinye izikhathi asikwazi ukuwabona, noma ngabe kukhona izinkulungwane zawo ndawonye.
Cabanga nje, la magciwane akhona yonke indawo! Angaba semoyeni owuphefumulayo, emanzini owaphuzayo, enhlabathini, ekudleni okudlayo, nakuyo yonke into oyithintayo. Ahlala emizimbeni yethu nasesikhumbeni sethu. Akumangalisi lokho?
Nokho, akuwona wonke amagciwane amabi. Amanye amagciwane awusizo kakhulu emizimbeni yethu. Isibonelo, ezinye izinhlobo zamagciwane emathunjini ethu ziyasisiza ekugayeni ukudla. Futhi, amanye amagciwane amahle asiza ekuvimbeleni amagciwane amabi ukuthi angangeni emzimbeni.
Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izifo ezingasibangela izifo kanye nokutheleleka. Kuphela uma la magciwane ayingozi engena emizimbeni yethu lapho sigula khona. Ngakho-ke, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukusabalala kwamagciwane anjalo ukugeza izandla zakho njalo nangokuphelele.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamagciwane?
Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zamagciwane. Ake sixoxe ngohlobo ngalunye ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.
| Uhlobo lwegciwane | Incazelo | Izibonelo / Ukwelashwa |
|---|---|---|
| Amabhaktheriya | Izinto eziphilayo zakhiwe ngeseli elilodwa. Ezinye ziwusizo kanti ezinye zikhiqiza ubuthi. | Ukutheleleka komphimbo, ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo. Ukwelashwa: Ama-antibiotic. |
| Amagciwane | Izinhlayiya ezingezona ezeseli ezidinga amangqamuzana aphilayo ukuze ziphile futhi zizalane. | Umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, isimungumungwane. Ukwelashwa: Ama-antiviral. |
| Isikhunta | Izinto eziphilayo ezifana nezitshalo eziningi ezikhula kahle ezindaweni ezifudumele nezinomswakama. | Ukutheleleka kwemvubelo, unyawo lomdlali. Ukwelashwa: Imithi yokulwa nesikhunta. |
| I-Protozoa | Izinto eziphilayo ezifana nezilwane ezineseli elilodwa. Ngokuvamile zisakazwa ngamanzi angcolile. | Umalaleveva, i-toxoplasmosis. Ukwelashwa: Ama-antiparasitic. |
Latholakala nini leli gciwane?
Indaba yamagciwane ibuyela emuva emakhulwini eminyaka. Cishe ngo-1676, usosayensi waseDashi u-Antonie van Leeuwenhoek wayengowokuqala ukuthola amagciwane esebenzisa imakroskopu yokuqala. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba i-microbiology ithuthuka, kuye kwatholakala amanye amaningi.
Ngo-1857, isazi semithi saseFrance uLouis Pasteur safakazela ukuthi ukudla kuyabola ngoba kungcoliswe yizinto ezincane. Lokhu kwaholela ekutheni kube ne-“Germ Theory of Disease ” yakhe. Lona umbono wokuthi ukutheleleka nezifo kubangelwa amagciwane abizwa ngokuthi “amagciwane.” Ngaphambi kwalokhu kutholakala, ososayensi babekholelwa kokuthile okubizwa ngokuthi “isizukulwane esizenzakalelayo.” Lona umbono wokuthi izinto eziphilayo zingavela ezintweni ezingaphili. Cabanga ngendlela abantu ababecabanga ngayo ngaleso sikhathi!
Anjani ngempela amagciwane?
Iningi lamagciwane alibonakali ngeso lethu lenyama ngoba mancane kakhulu. Uma uwabheka nge-microscope, abukeka njengamabhola amancane, izinduku, noma ama-spiral. Mancane kakhulu, ungabeka amagciwane angaba yi-1,000 phezulu kwerabha yepensela!
La magciwane asuka kanjani endaweni ethile aye kwenye?
Kunezindlela eziningi amagciwane angasakazeka ngazo. Ake sibheke ezinye zazo:
- Ngokuthinta noma ngokuba seduze nomuntu onamagciwane. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukwanga, ukuqabula, noma ukusebenzisa izinto azisebenzisile, njengezitsha nezinkomishi.
- Ngokuphefumula emoyeni ngemva kokuba umuntu onamagciwane ethimule noma ekhwehlele.
- Kungasakazeka ngokuthinta indle yomuntu onamagciwane. Kungabangelwa futhi ukushintsha inabukeni lengane bese uthinta ikhala lakho, umlomo, noma amehlo ngaphandle kokugeza izandla zakho kahle.
- Ngokuthinta izindawo nezinto ezinamagciwane kuzo, bese uthinta ikhala lakho, umlomo, noma amehlo. Cabanga nje uma uthinta isihlalo ebhasini bese udla ngesandla esifanayo?
Amagciwane angasakazeka ngalezi zindlela:
- Kusukela kumama kuya enganeni, kungaba ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma sokubeletha.
- Kusukela ekulunyweni yizilwane, ukuhlatshwa yizinambuzane.
- Kusukela enhlabathini, ezitshalweni, ekudleni, noma emanzini angcolile.
Yini engabulala amagciwane?
Izinto eziningi zingabulala amagciwane, kodwa ezinye azikwazi.
- I-Hydrogen Peroxide : Yebo. Ingabulala izinhlobo eziningi zamagciwane, okuhlanganisa amabhaktheriya namagciwane, ezindaweni ezingenazo izimbobo.
- Utshwala Obuhlikihlayo: Yebo. Ama-sanitizer ezandla, okuhlanganisa nalawo aqukethe okungenani u-70% `(Isopropyl Alcohol)` angabulala amagciwane.
- Uviniga: Cha. Uviniga awubulali amagciwane amaningi, okuhlanganisa igciwane lomkhuhlane kanye ne-coronavirus .
- Ukushisa: Yebo. Izinga lokushisa elingu-60 degrees Celsius (140 degrees Fahrenheit) noma ngaphezulu lingabulala amagciwane amaningi.
Izinto okufanele uzikhumbule ngamafuphi
Kulungile, ngakho-ke, nazi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho namuhla:
- Amagciwane ayizinto eziphilayo ezincane ongenakuzibona. Zikhona yonke indawo.
- Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zamagciwane: amabhaktheriya, amagciwane, isikhunta , kanye ne-protozoa.
- Amanye amagciwane ayasisiza, kodwa amanye abangela izifo.
- Indlela engcono kakhulu nelula yokuvimbela ukusabalala kwamagciwane ukugeza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi njalo.
- Hlala ekhaya uma ugula futhi uvikele abanye.
- Uma ungakwazi ukugeza izandla zakho, sebenzisa isihlanzi sezandla esinotshwala.
Ngakho-ke, faka lezi zinto ezilula empilweni yakho ukuze uhlale uphilile futhi ukhululekile kulezi zitha ezincane. Khona-ke ungazivikela ezifweni eziningi. Uyakwazi?
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