Liyini igazi? (Igazi) Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe!

Ubuwazi ukuthi igazi liyinto eyigugu kakhulu emzimbeni wethu, njengomthombo wokuphila, ligeleza njalo futhi lisiza yonke into emzimbeni wakho ukuthi isebenze kahle? Nakuba igazi liwuketshezi kakhulu, lijiyile kunamanzi ngoba liqukethe amangqamuzana namaprotheni. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, igazi lenza umsebenzi omuhle wokugcina imizimba yethu iphilile.

Kwenzekani ngempela egazini?

Igazi eligeleza emithanjeni yakho lenza umsebenzi omangalisayo ngempela. Cabanga nje ukuthi lezi zinto ezincane zingenza lukhulu kangakanani.

• Igazi lithwala umoya-mpilo kanye nezakhamzimba emzimbeni wakho wonke .
• Uma ulimele endaweni ethile futhi wopha igazi, kuyasiza ukulawula ukopha kwegazi ngokwenza amahlule egazi .
• Umzimba wakho ulwa kanzima ukuze uzivikele emagciwaneni nasema-virusi.
• Igazi lisiza futhi ekususeni imfucuza engafuneki enqwabelana emzimbeni.
• Igazi libalulekile futhi ekulawuleni izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakho .

Yiziphi izingxenye zegazi?

Kalula nje, kunezingxenye ezine eziyinhloko zegazi. Ingxenye ngayinye yalezi inendima ethile.

1. Amaseli egazi abomvu

2. Amaseli amhlophe egazi

3. Ama-Platelet

4. I-Plasma

Amaseli egazi abomvu kanye ne-plasma kwakha iningi legazi lakho. Uma kuhlanganiswa, amaseli egazi amhlophe nama-platelet akha ngaphansi kwe-1% yegazi lakho. Ngezinye izikhathi ingxube yalezi ezimbili ibizwa ngokuthi 'i-buffy coat'.

Ayini amaseli abomvu egazi (ama-Erythrocyte)?

Manje ake sibheke la maseli abomvu egazi, noma njengoba odokotela bewabiza kanjalo, ``ama-Erythrocyte.`` Iningi legazi lakho, cishe ama-45%, lakhiwa la maseli abomvu egazi.

• Lawa maseli athola umbala wawo obomvu ohlukile kuphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin. Le hemoglobin isiza amangqamuzana abomvu ukuthutha umoya-mpilo kwamanye amangqamuzana ukuze athole amandla.
• Into emangalisayo ukuthi la maseli abomvu angangena ngisho nasezindongeni ezincane kakhulu zemithambo yegazi, emithanjeni, nasemithanjeni yegazi ohlelweni lwakho lokujikeleza kwegazi.
• Kodwa la maseli abomvu aphila isikhathi esifushane. Aphila cishe izinsuku ezingu-120 futhi athathelwa indawo amaseli amasha.

Kwenzekani kumaseli amhlophe egazi (ama-leukocyte)?

Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, noma `(ama-Leukocyte),` akha ngaphansi kwe-1% yegazi lakho. Kodwa angamasosha ayinhloko `(isimiso somzimba wakho sokuzivikela).` Lapho isitha esinjengegciwane, amagciwane, noma iseli lomdlavuza lihlasela umzimba, lawa maseli amhlophe egazi yiwo ashesha ukuwathola nokuwabhubhisa. Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi angahamba futhi esuka kuma-capillary aye ezicutshini. Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu zalawa maseli amhlophe egazi:

• Ama-neutrophils: Lawa abulala amabhaktheriya kanye nesikhunta, futhi asusa nemikhiqizo engcolile emhlabeni wangaphandle.
• Ama-lymphocyte: Lawa ahlanganisa ama-T-cell, amaseli okubulala emvelo, nama-B-cell. Avikela ekuthelelekeni ngamagciwane futhi enza ama-antibodies okulwa nokutheleleka.
• Ama-Basophil: Lawa asabela ezintweni ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba.
• Ama-Eosinophil: Funa futhi ubhubhise izimuncagazi kanye namaseli omdlavuza, futhi usize ama-basophil ekuphenduleni kokungezwani komzimba.
• Ama-monocyte: Afuna futhi abhubhise amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, isikhunta, kanye ne-protozoa. Aphinde asuse amaseli alimele.

Indima yama-platelet (ama-Thrombocyte)

Uma omunye wemithambo yakho yegazi wonakele bese uqala ukopha, into yokuqala ekusizayo yilezi zinhlayiya zegazi (ama-thrombocyte). Ama-platelet akha amahlule egazi, avala umthambo wegazi owonakele futhi avimbele igazi eliningi ekuphumeni emzimbeni.

• Lokhu kwakha ngaphansi kwe-1% yegazi lakho, kodwa kunezinkulungwane ezingamashumi zama-platelet ethonsini elilodwa legazi lakho.
• Baqanjwa ngokuthi “ama-platelet” ngenxa yendlela asebenza ngayo egazini. Ama-platelet ayingxenye elula kakhulu yegazi. Akhiwe njengama-plate, anamathele ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, lapho kugeleza khona i-plasma namanye amaseli egazi.
• Ama-platelet ane-coating yamaprotheni anamathelayo , njenge-Velcro®, asiza ukuba anamathele emithanjeni yegazi ephukile.

Kuyini i-Plasma?

Amaseli akho abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet konke kuntanta ku-plasma. I-plasma iwuketshezi oluphuzi olwenza cishe u-55% wegazi lakho. I-plasma ifana nomsebenzi omningi egazini lakho, osiza umzimba wakho ukuthi wenze izinto eziningi. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezenziwa yi-plasma:

• Kusiza ekuqhekekeni kwegazi futhi kuvikela ekuhlaselweni yizinhlayiya.
• Ama-hormone athutha izakhamzimba namaprotheni aye ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba futhi asiza ekushintshisaneni komoya-mpilo kanye ne-carbon dioxide.
• Isusa udoti emangqamuzaneni bese iwuyisa esibindini sakho, emaphashini nasezinso ukuze uwulahlwe.
• Igcina umfutho wegazi lakho kanye nokujikeleza kwegazi.
• Ilawula izinga lokushisa lomzimba ngokumunca nokukhulula ukushisa.

Ziyini izinhlobo zegazi?

Asinawo wonke uhlobo lwegazi olufanayo, akunjalo? Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zegazi. Lezi zinhlobo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi kukhona yini ama-antigen athile egazini noma cha. Ama-antigen ayizinto ezibangela ukuba amasosha omzimba wakho asabele. Ukwazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho kubaluleke kakhulu esimweni esiphuthumayo.

Igazi likhiqizwa kuphi? Litholakala kuphi emzimbeni?

Igazi liyinto egeleza emzimbeni wakho wonke. Kodwa leli gazi liqala ukwakheka emnkantsheni wakho wethambo.Umnkantsha uqukethe uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli olubizwa ngokuthi ama-stem cell. Lawa ma-stem cell akhiqiza ama-trillion amaseli, okuhlanganisa nama-blood cell. Ama-blood cell akhula futhi avuthwe emnkantsha ngaphambi kokuba aqoqwe emithanjeni yegazi. Akumangalisi lokho? Igazi lakha cishe u-8% wesisindo somzimba wakho .

Yiziphi izifo ezivamile ezithinta igazi?

Ngeshwa, igazi lethu lingaphinde litheleleke ngezifo ezahlukahlukene. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zezifo ezithinta igazi: umdlavuza wegazi, izifo ezithinta ukusebenza kwegazi (izifo zegazi), kanye ne-atherosclerosis, isifo sesimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Kulezi, umdlavuza wegazi kanye nezinkinga zegazi yizona ezithinta kakhulu impilo yegazi.

Umdlavuza Wegazi

Umdlavuza wegazi uvela lapho okuthile kuphazamisa inqubo yokwenza amangqamuzana egazi emzimbeni wakho. Kumuntu onomdlavuza wegazi, amangqamuzana egazi angajwayelekile ayakhula futhi aminyanise amangqamuzana egazi ajwayelekile, anempilo. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wegazi:

• I-Leukemia: Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza wegazi oluvame kakhulu.
• I-Lymphoma: Lona umdlavuza wohlelo lwakho lwe-lymphatic. Umnkantsha wakho wamathambo, owenza amangqamuzana egazi, nawo uyingxenye yohlelo lwe-lymphatic.
• I-Myeloma: Lokhu kuqala emnkantsheni wethambo futhi kuthinta amangqamuzana akho e-plasma.

Ezinye izinkinga zegazi

Lezi yizimo ezingezona ezomdlavuza, kodwa zingabangela izingxenye ezahlukene zegazi lakho ukuthi zingasebenzi kahle. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-anemia, ukuphazamiseka kokujiya kwegazi, kanye nezinkinga zokopha.

Ezinye izifo zegazi zingase zingabonisi zimpawu futhi zingase zingadingi ukwelashwa. Ezinye ziyizifo "ezingapheli" impilo yonke ezidinga ukwelashwa, kodwa ngokuvamile azithinti isikhathi sokuphila. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifo zegazi zimbi kakhulu futhi zingasongela ukuphila.

Odokotela belapha lezi zifo zegazi ngokulawula izimpawu nokwelapha imbangela eyinhloko.

I-anemia

I-anemia yisifo segazi esivame kakhulu esingeyona umdlavuza. Sivela lapho umzimba wakho ungenawo amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anempilo anele. Abanye abantu bangase babe ne-anemia eyenzeka emndenini wabo, kodwa ingavela futhi ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-anemia. Ezinye zezifo ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• I-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi
• I-anemia eyingozi
• I-anemia yamaseli esikele

Izinkinga Zokuvinjelwa Kwegazi

Isifo sokujiya kwegazi sithinta ama-platelet akho noma izinto zokujiya kwegazi. Izinto zokujiya kwegazi zingamaprotheni egazini lakho asiza ama-platelet ukulawula ukopha. Ungaba nesifo sokujiya kwegazi kamuva ekuphileni, noma ungasithola njengefa ngenxa yesici sofuzo.

Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-Prothrombin kanye ne-Factor V Leiden syndrome kuyizibonelo zezinkinga zokujiya kwegazi ezizuzwe njengefa. I-Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) kanye ne-dissembled intravascular coagulation (DIC) ziyizibonelo zezinkinga zokujiya kwegazi eziqala kamuva.

Izinkinga Zokopha

Izinkinga zokopha zenzeka uma igazi lakho lingavimbi ngendlela evamile. Lokhu kungabangela ukuba wophe kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Isifo se-Von Willebrand yisifo sokopha esivame kakhulu e-United States. I-Hemophilia ingenye inkinga engavamile, ezuzwe njengefa.

Igazi lakho liyinsiza eyigugu kakhulu. Lihlala linakekela umzimba wakho, lisiza konke ukuthi kusebenze kahle.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu esingayifunda kukho konke lokhu (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Igazi lakho liyamangalisa ngempela, akunjalo? Lithwala umoya-mpilo emaseli akho ukuze lenze amandla. Livikela umzimba wakho ezitheni zangaphandle. Lilawula ukuphuma kwegazi uma ulimala. Unganakekela igazi lakho, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi awukwazi ukugwema izifo ezithinta igazi. Ngenhlanhla, odokotela namuhla bangelapha izifo eziningi ezinkulu zegazi, okuhlanganisa i-leukemia nezinye izifo zegazi. Ngakho-ke, uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko egazini lakho noma izimpawu ezingavamile, kungcono ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ukuze uhlale uphilile, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lolu ketshezi olumangalisayo olungaphakathi emizimbeni yethu.

Igazi , igazi, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, ama-platelet, i-plasma, izifo zegazi