Ayini ama-ketone? Ingabe ayingozi uma ekhula emzimbeni wakho?

Wake wezwa ngama-ketone? Mhlawumbe kudokotela, noma kumngane, noma uma ungumuntu onesifo sikashukela i-Diabetes Mellitus, kumele uqaphele lokhu. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngokuthi lawa ma-ketone ayini ngempela, ukuthi alungile noma amabi emzimbeni wethu, nokuthi kwenzekani uma ekhula, ngendlela elula ongayiqonda. Akukho okufanele ukwesabe, masiqonde konke ngokucacile.

Ayini ngempela ama-ketone?

Kalula nje, ama-ketone awuhlobo lwe-asidi olukhiqizwa ngumzimba wakho. Akhiqizwa lapho umzimba wakho usebenzisa amafutha esikhundleni se-glucose ukuze uthole amandla. Cabanga ngakho, imizimba yethu idinga amandla ukuze isebenze. La mandla avela kakhulu ku-glucose. I-glucose uhlobo lukashukela. Imizimba yethu ithola le glucose ekudleni esikudlayo okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate, isibonelo, ilayisi, isinkwa, namazambane.

Manje, uma ngesizathu esithile umzimba wakho ungakwazi ukuthola i-glucose eyanele yamandla, wenzani? Iya kolunye ukhetho. Okusho ukuthi, ishisa amafutha agcinwe emzimbeni ukuze ikhiqize amandla. Uma ushisa amafutha kanje, imizimba ye-ketone ikhiqizwa njengomkhiqizo ophumayo. Lawa ma-ketone aqoqana egazini, ahamba emzimbeni wonke, futhi anikeze amandla ezicutshini ezahlukahlukene. Ngemva kwalokho, ama-ketone asele akhishwa emchameni wakho.

Ngokuvamile, ukuba nama-ketone athile egazini lakho akuyona inkinga, futhi akuyona ingozi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuvamile ukuthi imizimba yethu isebenzise amafutha ukuze ithole amandla uma kudingeka.

Kodwa-ke, uma inani lama-ketone likhuphuka kakhulu, kungaba yingozi. Igazi lakho liba ne-asidi futhi libe yingozi. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-ketoacidosis. Uma unesifo sikashukela, ungaba nesifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), esibangelwa ukwanda kwama-ketone. Lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni uma kungelashwa kahle. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Yini ngempela eyenziwa ama-ketone emizimbeni yethu?

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ama-ketone awuhlobo lwamandla olunikeza amandla ebuchosheni nasemzimbeni lapho umthombo oyinhloko wamandla emzimbeni wethu, i-glucose, ungatholakali, uphansi, noma ungatholakali. Cabanga ngama-ketone njengomthombo wamandla wokusekela womzimba wakho. Aqala ukusebenza lapho umugqa oyinhloko unqunywa.

Ngokuvamile, i-glucose yakhiwa ngokudla esikudlayo, futhi ngosizo lwe-hormone i-insulin, ingena emaseli futhi ikhiqize amandla, noma igcinwe ukuze isetshenziswe kamuva.

Kodwa-ke, uma ungadli ama-carbohydrate anele, umzimba wakho ungena esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-ketosis. Kulesi simo, umzimba ushisa amafutha ukuze uthole amandla, bese kukhishwa ama-ketone. Lawa ma-ketone anikeza amandla kumaseli nasezicutshini futhi asize umzimba ukuthi usebenze. I-Ketosis inqubo evamile. Isibonelo:

• Ngesikhathi ulele.
• Uma uzila ukudla.
• Uma uzivocavoca.
• Uma udla ukudla okune-keto.

Ake sixoxe kancane nge-Keto Diet.

Abantu abadla ukudla kwe-keto banciphisa ngamabomu ama-carbohydrate abo futhi badle ukudla okunamafutha amaningi. Lokhu kubangela imizimba yabo ukuthi ishise amafutha amaningi. Kungase kube nezinzuzo ezithile zempilo ekufinyeleleni i-ketosis ngale ndlela, kodwa kuzohluka kuye ngesimo sakho sempilo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ukhulume nodokotela ngaphambi kokuqala ukudla okunjalo. Ngenxa yokuthi kubangela izinguquko ezinkulu emzimbeni, akufanele wonke umuntu. Futhi, ukudla kwe-keto kuyindlela yokudla enemingcele kakhulu, ngakho kungaba nzima ukuyilandela isikhathi eside.

Akhiqizwa kuphi ama-ketone?

I-Ketosis inqubo eyenzeka esibindini sakho. Isibindi senza ama-ketone bese siwakhipha egazini. Lawa ma-ketone abese ehamba egazini ukuze anikeze amandla emzimbeni wonke. Uma eseqedile, akhishwa emchameni.

Yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha ezingahlotshaniswa nama-ketones?

Ukuqonda ama-ketone nokuqapha amazinga akho e-ketone kubaluleke kakhulu uma unesifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 yisimo lapho umzimba wakho ungakwazi ukukhiqiza i-insulin, i-hormone esiza umzimba wakho ukusebenzisa i-glucose ukuze uthole amandla.

Uma kunezinkinga nge-insulin, amazinga kashukela egazini lakho aba phezulu kakhulu (i-hyperglycemia), futhi ama-ketone anganqwabelana egazini lakho. Yilokhu okubangela i-diabetesic ketoacidosis (DKA). I-DKA ivame kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, kodwa ingenzeka nakubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abanenkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala basengozini yesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-alcohol ketoacidosis. Abantu abaphuza kakhulu, ikakhulukazi labo abebephuza njalo futhi behlanza, futhi abangadli kahle, bangaba namazinga aphezulu e-ketone ayingozi. Njenge-DKA, lesi simo siyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Yiziphi izimpawu zamazinga aphezulu e-ketone emzimbeni?

Uma unesifo sikashukela futhi uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezilandelayo, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha, noma uye ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo (ETU) .

Izimpawu zokuqala zifana nezoshukela ophezulu egazini (i-hyperglycemia):

• Ukuchama njalo.
• Ukuzizwa womile kakhulu.
• Umlomo owomile kanye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
• Isikhumba esomile.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu.

Uma ingelashwa, i-DKA ingaba yingozi ngokushesha (emahoreni angama-24 noma ngaphansi). Izimpawu ze-DKA enzima zifaka:

• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Ukukhathala okukhulu okungapheli ngisho nangemva kokuphumula.
• Isisu esibuhlungu.
• Ukuphelelwa umoya.
• Ukudideka.
• Iphunga elifana nezithelo emoyeni (ngezinye izikhathi libizwa ngokuthi "umoya we-keto").

Uhlola kanjani amazinga e-ketone? Yiziphi izivivinyo ezitholakalayo?

Ama-test kit okuhlola amazinga e-ketone ayatholakala emakhemisi noma anga-odwa ku-inthanethi. Uma usengozini yokuthola i-DKA, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlolwa okungcono kakhulu empilweni yakho. Kungumqondo omuhle ukuba ne-test kit eduze ukuze ukwazi ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha uma ubona izimpawu ze-DKA.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Ungathola ukuhlolwa kwegazi ehhovisi likadokotela, noma ungathenga ikhithi ongayisebenzisa ekhaya. Ikhithi yasekhaya ivame ukubhoboza umunwe wakho ngenaliti encane ukuze uthole ithonsi legazi. Libekwa emgqeni wokuhlola bese lifundwa kumitha. Isikrini semitha sibonisa amazinga akho amanje e-ketone.

Amanye ama-glucometer angalinganisa amazinga kashukela egazini kanye ne-ketone. Uma unayo, awudingi ukwenza isivivinyo esihlukile.

Ukuhlolwa komchamo

Ukuhlolwa komchamo kuvame ukuhilela umucu wokuhlola. Uchamela esitsheni, unamathisele umucu kuso, bese ulinda ukuthi uphenduke umbala. Ukuhlolwa komchamo kuneshadi lombala elibonisa amazinga ahlukene. Uqhathanisa umbala womucu wakho wokuhlola neshadi lombala.

Ngokungafani nokuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuhlolwa komchamo akukwazi ukukutshela ngqo ukuthi amazinga akho e-ketone angakanani njengamanje . Kodwa-ke, kungakutshela ukuthi amazinga akho e-ketone abenjani emahoreni ambalwa edlule .

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Breathalyzer

Abanye abantu abasebenzisa ukudla kwe-keto basebenzisa ama-breathalyzer aphathwa ngesandla ukuhlola amazinga abo e-ketone. Lawa ma-breathalyzer angathola uhlobo lwe-ketone olubizwa ngokuthi i-acetone. Kodwa lobu buchwepheshe busebusha. Abacwaningi badinga ukutadisha lokhu kabanzi ngaphambi kokuba kubhekwe njengokuhlolwa okuthembekile nokunembile.

Abantu abasengozini ye-DKA akufanele bathembele kumshini wokuphefumula ukuze bahlole amazinga abo e-ketone.

Isho ukuthini imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-ketone?

Ukwazi amazinga akho e-ketone kungakusiza wazi ukuthi usengozini ye-DKA nokuthi udinga ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha yini ukuze wehlise amazinga akho e-ketone. Amazinga e-ketone angahluka kuye ngokuhlolwa okwenzayo. Futhi, lokho okubhekwa njengamazinga ajwayelekile noma aphezulu e-ketone kungahluka kumuntu nomuntu.

Ithebula elingezansi linikeza umhlahlandlela ojwayelekile wokuthi amazinga akho e-ketone egazini asho ukuthini maqondana nengozi yakho ye-DKA, nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele uzithathe. (Bona udokotela wakho ukuze uthole iseluleko esiqondile ngalokhu.)

• Ngokuvamile kungaphansi kuka-0.6 mmol/L: Leli izinga elijwayelekile.
• 0.6 kuya ku-1.5 mmol/L: Amazinga akho e-ketone aphezulu kancane. Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho. Bangase bakucele ukuthi uphinde uhlole emahoreni ambalwa.
• Kusukela ku-1.6 kuya ku-2.9 mmol/L:Amazinga akho e-ketone aphezulu. Ungase ube sengozini yokuthola i-DKA. Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
• 3.0 mmol/L noma ngaphezulu: Amazinga akho e-ketone aphezulu kakhulu. Udinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Yiya esibhedlela ngokushesha.

Kufanele uhlole nini amazinga akho e-ketone?

Uma unesifo sikashukela, udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ngokuthi kufanele uhlole nini futhi kangaki amazinga akho e-ketone. Bazokutshela ukuthi uhlole ngalezi zikhathi:

• Uma unezimpawu ze-DKA.
• Ngisho noma ugula noma ulimele.
• Uma uphuthelwe umjovo owodwa noma ngaphezulu we-insulin.
• Uma izinga likashukela egazini lakho liphakeme kune-240 mg/dl (ama-milligram/deciliter).
• Uma ukhulelwe. (Ukuphatha amazinga e-insulin ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungaba yinselele kancane. Uma unesifo sikashukela, kudingeka uqaphele kakhulu amazinga akho e-insulin kanye ne-ketone ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.)

Kuthiwani uma amazinga e-ketone enyuka?

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, uma amazinga e-ketone ephezulu, igazi lakho lingaba ne-asidi kakhulu futhi libe nobuthi. Yilokhu okwenzeka ku-ketoacidosis. I-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela (i-DKA) uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-ketoacidosis.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha amazinga aphezulu e-ketone?

Ukwelashwa kuncike ekutheni amazinga akho e-ketone aphakeme kangakanani. Udokotela wakho uzokuqondisa ngezinyathelo ongazithatha ekhaya ukuze wehlise amazinga akho ngaphambi kokuba abe phezulu ngendlela eyingozi. Bangase bakucebise ukuthi wenze izinto ezinjengalezi:

• Inani le-insulin okufanele lithathwe.
• Inani lokudla okufanele ukudle namanzi okufanele ukuphuze (kanye nohlobo lokudla).
• Izinga lomsebenzi ophephile.
• Kufanele ngihlole kangaki amazinga kashukela egazini lami kanye ne-ketone?
• Kukuliphi izinga likashukela nele-ketone egazini okufanele ubonane nodokotela (noma uye ku-ER)?

Ukwelashwa esibhedlela kuhlanganisa ukunikeza uketshezi lwe-IV kanye ne -insulin ukuze wehlise amazinga akho e-ketone.

Ungawagcina kanjani amazinga e-ketone esezingeni eliphephile?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi usengozini enkulu yokuthola i-DKA, sebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuze uthathe izinyathelo zokuyivimbela.

• Gcina inqubo yansuku zonke ekusiza ukulawula amazinga akho e-ketone. Ngena ohlelweni olugcina amazinga akho kashukela egazini esezingeni eliphephile kanye namazinga e-insulin elawulwa. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ingozi yakho yama-ketone aphezulu. Khuluma nodokotela wakho wesifo sikashukela ukuze unqume ukuthi yini ephephile.
• Uma usebenzisa iphampu ye-insulin, khuluma nethimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwesifo sikashukela mayelana nendlela yokuvimbela i-DKA. Ukuqonda ukuthi iphampu yakho iletha kanjani i-insulin, indlela yokubona ukungasebenzi kahle kwephampu, kanye nohlelo oluphuthumayo kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi ye-DKA uma usebenzisa iphampu ye-insulin.
• Yazi amazinga akho (nokuthi kufanele uwahlole nini).Yazi ukuthi amazinga akho ajwayelekile e-ketone angakanani nokuthi kufanele uthathe nini izinyathelo zokuwehlisa. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi kufanele uhlole nini ama-ketone (isibonelo, uma unesifo noma unesifo).
• Lungela. Gcina ikhithi yokuhlola i-ketone iseduze uma unezimpawu ze-DKA. Sebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuze nihlele ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma ama-ketone akho eba phezulu kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kufanele ushayele nini udokotela wakho nokuthi kufanele uye nini ku-ER ngokushesha.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Esikhathini esiningi, ama-ketone awusizo oluthule lapho imizimba yethu ingakwazi ukuthola amandla anele kusuka ku-glucose. Kodwa-ke, uma amazinga akho e-ketone ephezulu futhi unesifo esifana nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, udinga ukukhathazeka kakhulu ngawo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokho okufanele ukwenze uma amazinga akho e-ketone ephezulu. Yenza uhlelo lokugcina ama-ketone akho ezingeni eliphephile ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezifana ne-DKA. Impilo yakho isezandleni zakho!

Ama - Ketone, isifo sikashukela, i-ketoacidosis, i-DKA, ushukela wegazi, amandla, ukushisa amafutha