Uyalwazi yini uhlolo lwe-mammogram? Ake sixoxe ngalo ngokuningiliziwe!

Cishe uke wezwa igama elithi "mammogram." Mhlawumbe umngane noma isihlobo sakho sike saba nayo. Noma mhlawumbe udokotela wakho ukutshelile ukuthi uyithathe. Abantu abaningi bayasaba kancane futhi bakhathazeke lapho bezwa igama. Kodwa iyini ngempela i-mammogram? Ifunani? Ingabe kuyinto okufanele uyesabe? Ake sixoxe ngakho konke lokhu ngokuningiliziwe, kalula, namuhla.

Iyini ngempela i-mammogram?

Kalula nje, i-mammogram iyisivivinyo se-X-ray esikhethekile esihlola izicubu emabeleni akho. Sisebenzisa amazinga aphansi kakhulu emisebe. Kufana nokuthola i-X-ray uma uphula ithambo engalweni noma emlenzeni wakho, kodwa kwenziwa ngomshini owenzelwe amabele ngokukhethekile.

Odokotela basebenzisa lolu vivinyo lwe-mammogram ngezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko:

1. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Mammogram: Lokhu kwenzelwa ukubheka izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza webele ngaphambi kokuba kuvele noma yiziphi izimpawu. Njengoba nje sithatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ngaphambi kokuba sithole isifo.

2. I-Mammogram Yokuxilonga: Uma unezimpawu ezifana neqhubu elisha ebeleni lakho, ubuhlungu, ukuphuma kwesisu esinqeni, noma ushintsho esikhumbeni sebele lakho, lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale imbangela.

Cabanga ngakho, ngaphandle komdlavuza wesikhumba, umdlavuza webele uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu kwabesifazane. Ngokusho kweminye imininingwane, u-15% womdlavuza osanda kutholakala umdlavuza webele. Ukutholwa kwalesi sifo kusenesikhathi kungasindisa impilo yakho. Uma umdlavuza webele utholakala kusenesikhathi, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu liphezulu njengo-99%! Ngakho-ke, le mammogram ifana nendinganiso yegolide yokubamba izinguquko ezicutshini zebele ngaphambi kokuba zibe umdlavuza.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-mammogram?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-mammogram:

• I-mammography yedijithali ku-2D: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha izithombe zelinye lamabele akho kusuka ezinhlangothini ezimbili (ngokuvamile kusukela phezulu kuya phansi kanye nohlangothi kuya kolunye).
• I-mammography yedijithali ku-3D (i-digital breast tomosynthesis): Lobu ubuchwepheshe bamuva. Kulokhu, ibele lakho licindezelwa kanye, bese umshini uhamba ngendlela ejikelezayo, uthatha izithombe eziningana ze-X-ray. Lezi zithombe bese zihlanganiswa yikhompyutha bese zenziwa "izingcezu". Lokhu kuvumela odokotela ukuthi babone izicubu zebele lakho ngobukhulu obuthathu (3D). Lokhu kwandisa ukunemba kokuhlolwa.

Ingabe i-mammogram ingawubona ngempela umdlavuza?

Nakhu okufanele ukuqonde: I-mammogram ingasiza ekutholeni umdlavuza, kodwa ayikwazi ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi umdlavuza.

Ngisho noma i-mammogram ikhombisa izicubu zebele ezingavamile, ayiqinisekisi ukuthi umdlavuza yini. Esikhundleni salokho, i-mammogram iyithuluzi elibalulekile elisiza odokotela ukuthi banqume ukuthi udinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, njengokuhlolwa kwebele. I-biopsy yebele iyindlela kuphela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi izicubu zinomdlavuza noma cha.

Uneminyaka emingaki okufanele uyenze i-mammogram?

Ngokuvamile, i-US Preventive Services Task Force itusa ukuthi bonke abesifazane abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-40 no-75 ubudala bahlolwe i-mammogram njalo eminyakeni emibili . Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlangano zezokwelapha zingase zibe nezincomo ezihlukile kancane. Kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokho okukulungele.

Kodwa-ke, uma usengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza webele, kungadingeka ukuthi wenze i-mammogram ngaphambi kokuba uneminyaka engu-40, noma kaningi. Udokotela wakho angase futhi ancome ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, njenge-ultrasound yebele lonke noma i-MRI yebele (i-magnetic resonance imaging).

Udokotela wakho angenza ukuhlolwa kwengozi yomdlavuza webele ukuze athole ukuthi usengozini enkulu yini. Uma unezinye zezinto ezibangela ingozi ezingezansi, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi kufanele uqale nini ukuthola ama-mammogram minyaka yonke:

• Uma uke waba nomdlavuza webele ngaphambili.
• Uma othile emndenini wakho (umama, udadewethu, indodakazi) eke waba nomdlavuza webele noma umdlavuza wesibeletho.
• Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okuzuzwe njengefa, isibonelo, izakhi zofuzo `(BRCA1)` kanye `(BRCA2)`.
• Uma unezinye izimo zebele ezingezona ezomdlavuza (ezingembi), isibonelo, i-atypical ductal hyperplasia.
• Uma amabele akho eqine.

Ngezinye izikhathi, amadoda angaba sengozini enkulu ngenxa yomlando womndeni. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kunconywa futhi ukuthi enze i-mammogram. Kodwa-ke, ngokwesilinganiso, cishe umdlavuza webele owodwa kwabayi-100 uvela emadodeni.

Kufanele ngihlolwe kangaki i-mammogram?

Lokhu kuncike ezingeni lakho lengozi. Uma usengozini evamile yokuba nomdlavuza webele, kufanele wenze i-mammogram njalo eminyakeni eyodwa kuya kwemibili kusukela uneminyaka engu-40. Uma ingozi yakho iphezulu, kungadingeka uqale kusenesikhathi noma uyenze kaningi. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nesimiso se-mammogram esifanele wena, ngokusekelwe emlandweni wakho wezokwelapha nezinye izici.

Isebenza kanjani i-mammogram?

I-mammogram isebenzisa umshini we-X-ray owenzelwe ngqo izicubu zebele. I-X-ray ekhishwa yilo mshini inesilinganiso esiphansi semisebe kune-X-ray esetshenziswa ukuhlola amathambo.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-mammogram, ibele lakho libekwa epuletini lokusekela elinamathiselwe emshinini we-X-ray. Ngemuva kwalokho, uchwepheshe ucindezela ibele lakho ngobumnene ngesinye isigwedlo. Ama-X-ray avela emshinini adlula esifubeni sakho bese eshaya umshini wokuhlola ngakolunye uhlangothi. Lo mshini wokuhlola uthumela izimpawu ze-elekthronikhi kukhompyutha ukuze kudalwe isithombe sedijithali. Lezi zithombe zibizwa ngokuthi ama-mammogram.

Ungase uzibuze ukuthi kungani amabele ecindezelwa kanje. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu:

* Gcina amabele akho enganyakazi. Uma enyakaza, izithombe zingase zingacaci.

* Yenza ukuma kwesifuba kube bushelelezi, uvumele ama-X-ray ukuthi ahambe ibanga elifushane aye kumshini wokuthola. Lokhu kuvumela umthamo ophansi wemisebe kanye nekhwalithi yesithombe ethuthukisiwe.

Ubani owenza i-mammogram?

I-mammogram yenziwa uchwepheshe we-radiology noma i-mammographer. Baqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukwenza lokhu ngokuphephile nangokunembile. Ngemuva kwalokho, udokotela we-radiology, udokotela oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile, ubheka futhi ahlaziye izithombe ze-mammogram. Uthumela imiphumela kudokotela wakho, obe esekutshela ngayo.

Ulungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwe-mammogram?

Kunezinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzikhumbule lapho ubhuka i-mammogram nangosuku lwayo:

• Tshela udokotela wakho uma uncelisa, ukhulelwe, noma ucabanga ukuthi ukhulelwe . Uzokutshela isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokwenza i-mammogram, noma uqale nge-ultrasound.
• Uma usesesikhathini , ungayenzi i-mammogram ngesonto elingaphambi noma ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini. Amabele akho angase abe bucayi kakhulu ngalezi zikhathi, okwenza ukuhlolwa kube nzima kakhulu.
• Uma unezitho zokufakelwa amabele noma usanda kuthola umuthi wokugoma, sicela usho lokhu lapho ubhuka i-mammogram yakho.

Landela lezi zinyathelo ngosuku lwakho lwe-mammogram:

• Landela inqubo yakho evamile - yidla, uphuze, futhi uphuze imithi yakho evamile.
• Ungasebenzisi i-deodorant, iphunga elimnandi, i-lotion, noma i-body powder. Le mikhiqizo ingaphazamisa ukunemba kwezithombe ze-X-ray.
• Ukuze uvivinywe, kuzodingeka ukhumule izingubo zakho ngaphezu kwesinqe. Kunalokho, uzonikezwa ingubo noma indwangu ozoyigqoka.

Yini ongayilindela uma wenza i-mammogram?

Lezi yizinyathelo ezenzeka ngesikhathi se-mammogram:

1. Kuzodingeka ukhumule zonke izingubo kanye nobucwebe ngaphezu kwesinqe. Uzonikezwa into efana nengubo yasesibhedlela evulekile ngaphambili.

2. Uzoma phambi komshini we-mammography. Uchwepheshe uzokucela ukuthi ukhiphe isifuba esisodwa engutsheni.

3. Beka isifuba sakho epuletini lokusekela isifuba.

4. Uchwepheshe uzobe esecindezela isifuba sakho kancane epuletini lokusekela nge-paddle yepulasitiki. Ungase uzizwe ungakhululekile noma ucindezelekile phakathi nalokhu kucindezela. Uma ungakwazi ukubekezelela ukucindezela, tshela uchwepheshe. Uzobe eselungisa ngokufanele.

5. Umshini uthatha izithombe ngenkathi ubambe isifuba sakho.

6. Uma unamabele amabili, yenza okufanayo nakwelinye ibele.

7. Uma umshini usuqedile ukuthatha izithombe, isivivinyo sesiphelile. Ungabuyela ezingutsheni zakho uhambe.

Iningi labantu lingakwazi ukuqhubeka nemisebenzi yalo evamile ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-mammogram.

Ingabe i-mammogram ibuhlungu?

Abanye abantu bazizwa bengakhululekile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-mammogram ngoba izicubu zebele ziyacindezelwa. Abanye bangase bezwe ubuhlungu. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-mammogram kuwukuhlolwa okuthatha imizuzu embalwa nje, futhi ukungakhululeki akuhlali isikhathi eside. Uma uzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu, tshela uchwepheshe ngokushesha.

Izinga lokungakhululeki ozizwayo lincike ezintweni eziningana:

• Ubukhulu kanye nobukhulu bamabele akho.
• Yeka ukuthi ufuna amabele akho aqine kangakanani.
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usuzoya esikhathini, noma usezinsukwini zakho zokuya esikhathini.
• Ikhono lochwepheshe we-radiology.
• Ikhono lakho lokuhlala ukhululekile futhi ulondoloze ukuma kwakho ukuze ukwazi ukuthatha izithombe ezinhle.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuhlolwa kwe-mammogram?

I-mammogram yokuhlola imvamisa ithatha cishe imizuzu eyi-15-20 . I-mammogram yokuxilonga ingathatha isikhathi eside ngoba udokotela kungadingeka athathe izithombe ezengeziwe.

Ingabe ama-mammogram aphephile?

Ama-mammogram aveza amabele akho emisebeni encane. Kodwa-ke, izinzuzo ze-mammography zidlula kakhulu umonakalo ongaba khona ngenxa yokuvezwa emisebeni.

Uma kungenzeka ukuthi ukhulelwe, tshela udokotela wakho kanye nochwepheshe. Nakuba ukuhlolwa kwe-mammogram kuphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, odokotela bangase batuse ukuthi ukuhlehlisa ukuhlolwa kwe-mammogram uma ungekho engozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza webele futhi ukhulelwe.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola imiphumela ye-mammogram?

Ngokuvamile uzothola imiphumela ye-mammogram yakho zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa . Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungahluka kuye ngezindawo. Ngokuvamile, odokotela be-radiology bazoqhathanisa i-mammogram yakho yakamuva ne-mammogram yangaphambilini. Uma sebeqedile ukubuyekeza i-mammogram yakho, bazothumela imiphumela kuwe nakudokotela wakho.

Uma ungatholi imiphumela yakho kungakapheli inyanga, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma indawo lapho wenze khona i-mammogram.

Iyini imiphumela ye-mammogram yokuhlolwa?

Uzothola incwadi elula, elula ukuyiqonda enolwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana nemiphumela yakho. Ingakutshela ukuthi imiphumela yakho ijwayelekile noma uma udinga ukubuya ukuze uthole izithombe ezengeziwe. Umbiko wakho we-mammogram uzofaka nolwazi mayelana nobuningi bebele lakho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunezicubu ezinamafutha nezindlala eziningi emabeleni akho uma kuqhathaniswa nezicubu ezinamafutha. Lolu lwazi manje seludingeka ngokomthetho ukuthi lufakwe embikweni wakho. Uma unemibuzo mayelana nemiphumela yakho, ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho.

Ukubika Izithombe Zesifuba kanye Nesistimu Yedatha (BI-RADS)

Odokotela be-radiology nodokotela basebenzisa uhlelo olujwayelekile ukuchaza okutholakele ekuhlolweni nasekuhlolweni kwe-mammogram. Lubizwa ngokuthi i-BI-RADS . Lolu hlelo luhlukanisa imiphumela ngezigaba kusukela ku-0 kuya ku-6. Lolu hlelo lukunikeza isigaba sakho, okutholakele, kanye nencazelo (kufaka phakathi ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza).

Iyini i-mammogram evamile?

I-mammogram evamile isho ukuthi udokotela we-radiologist akatholanga zinkinga noma ukukhubazeka emabeleni akho ezithombeni. Uma i-mammogram yakho ijwayelekile, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokwenza i-mammogram ngezikhathi ezinconywe udokotela wakho. Ukuhlola ama-mammogram kuwusizo kakhulu lapho udokotela we-radiologist engaziqhathanisa nezakho zangaphambilini futhi athole izinguquko emabeleni akho.

Kuyini i-mammogram engavamile?

Uma i-mammogram ibonisa indawo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu esolisayo, udokotela we-radiologist uvame ukuncoma izithombe ezengeziwe ezikhethekile ze-mammogram - noma ezinye izivivinyo zesithombe, njenge-ultrasound yebele noma i-biopsy yebele.

Uma uthola i-mammogram engavamile, udokotela wakho uzokhuluma nawe ngokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo. Umphumela ongavamile akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza. Ngakho-ke ungesabi futhi ulandele iseluleko sikadokotela wakho.

I-mammography inembe kangakanani?

I-Mammography inembe ngo-85% kuya ku-90% . Ama-Mammogram asekwazi ukubona izinkinga zamabele ngaphambi kokuba uzibone noma uzizwe. Kodwa-ke, kusengenzeka ukuthi i-mammogram iphuthe ezinye izinkinga.

Uma ubona noma yini esolisayo ngenkathi uzihlola amabele ekhaya, noma uma uba nophawu olusha lwebele, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Ingabe izimila zebele ziyaphazamisana ne-mammogram?

Kubantu abake baba nokufakelwa kwebele nge-silicone noma i-saline, kungaba nzima ngodokotela be-radiology ukubona zonke izicubu zamabele abo kanye nezinkinga ezingaba khona ku-mammogram ejwayelekile ngenxa yezicubu zesibazi eziba khona.

Ukuze kusizwe udokotela we-radiologist abone ingxenye enkulu yezicubu zebele ngangokunokwenzeka, ngaphezu kwezithombe ezine ezijwayelekile ezithathwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-mammogram yabantu abanezitho zokufakelwa, kuthathwa izithombe ezimbili ezengeziwe zebele ngalinye. Lezi zithombe ezengeziwe zibizwa ngokuthi ukubukwa kwe-Implant Displacement (ID) .

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-ID, uchwepheshe ucindezela kancane i-implant yebele lakho odongeni lwesifuba sakho, adonse ibele lakho phambili phezu kwalo, bese ecindezela ibele lakho. Lokhu kuvumela izithombe ezingcono zangaphambili zebele ngalinye.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukutshela uchwepheshe wakho ukuthi unezitho zokufakelwa amabele uma ubhukha i-mammogram yakho nangosuku lokuhlolwa kwe-mammogram.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Ama-mammogram ayivivinyo elibalulekile ekutholakaleni komdlavuza webele kusenesikhathi. Aphinde asize ekuqapheni izimo zebele ezingezona umdlavuza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuhlolwa kungaba yinto engakhululekile, futhi ungase uzizwe ukhathazekile kancane ulinde imiphumela. Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ama-mammogram akho eminyakeni enconywayo nangezikhathi ezinconywayo, kuye ngengozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza webele.

Uma unemibuzo mayelana nengozi yakho yomdlavuza webele noma inqubo ye-mammogram, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Bakhona ukukusiza. Ungesabi, thola ulwazi, futhi ube nempilo enhle!

I- Mammogram, Umdlavuza Webele, Impilo Yabesifazane, I-X-Ray, Ukuhlolwa Komdlavuza, Ukuhlolwa Kwempilo , I-BI-RADS