Izinto Eziluthayo: Ingabe siyaqaphela lolu gibe oluyingozi?

Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani abantu beba umlutha wezinto ezithile kalula kangaka? Cishe uke wababona abantu abanjalo eduze kwakho. Namuhla sizoxoxa ngokuthi lezi 'zinto eziluthayo' ziyini ngempela, ukuthi ziyingozi kangakanani, nokuthi ungaziqeda yini. Lesi yisihloko esibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba zingathinta noma ubani, nganoma yimuphi ubudala.

Ziyini lezi "Zinto Eziluthayo"?

Kalula nje, lezi zingamakhemikhali, imithi, noma izidakamizwa esiziluthayo futhi esingeke siyeke ukuzisebenzisa. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, lesi yisimo esingamahlalakhona . Okusho ukuthi, yize wazi ukuthi lezi zinto ziyingozi kuwe, uyaqhubeka nokuzifuna. Kufana nokudonswa kumagnet.

Manje, ake sibheke ukuthi yini ewela kulesi sigaba. Ezinye zazo kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngazo, kanti ezinye zingase zibe zintsha kancane:

• Utshwala : Ngakho akukho okukhethekile ongakusho ngalokhu.
• I-Caffeine : Yebo, yebo, i-caffeine esetiyeni nasekhofini esiliphuzayo nayo ikuleli qembu. Kodwa umphumela uncike enanini.
• Insangu/Insangu : Lokhu futhi kuyinto okukhulunywa ngayo kakhulu njengamanje.
• Ama-Hallucinogens : Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-Phencyclidine (PCP) kanye ne-Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi ubone izinto ongaziboni noma uzizwe izinto ongazizwayo.
• Ama-hypnotics, ama-sedative kanye nama-anxiolytics : Lokhu kufaka phakathi imithi efana ne-`(Benzodiazepines)` kanye ne-`(Barbiturates)`. Ngisho noma inikezwe udokotela, ingaba umlutha uma isetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele.
• Izinto zokuphefumula : Izinto ezifana nezinto zokunciphisa upende, ezinye izifutho ze-aerosol, amagesi, kanye nama-nitrites. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu.
• Ama-opioid anikezwa ngomuthi kadokotela kanye nalawo anganikezwanga ngomuthi kadokotela : Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-painkiller afana ne-`(Codeine)`, `(Oxycodone)`, kanye nomuthi `(Heroin)`.
• Izikhuthazi ezinikezwa ngomuthi kadokotela kanye nezingezona ezinikezwa ngomuthi kadokotela : Lezi zifaka phakathi i-Adderall® (equkethe i-amphetamine/dextroamphetamine), i-cocaine, kanye ne-methamphetamine (meth).
• Ugwayi/iNicotine : Ukubhema ugwayi, ukusebenzisa ugwayi kagesi (ugwayi kagesi noma i-vaping) konke kuwela kulesi sigaba.

Igama elithi 'izinto' ngokwalo likwenza kucace ukuthi lokhu akugcini nje 'ngezimpushana'. Kunezinto eziningi ezahlukene ezingaba umlutha futhi zibe usongo empilweni yethu ngaphandle kokuthi siqaphele.

Yiziphi izinto ezilutha kakhulu? Kungani kunjalo?

Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ezinye izinto zilutha kakhulu kunezinye. Ezivelele kakhulu kulezi yilezi:

• Utshwala
• I-Cocaine
• I-Heroin
• I-Methamphetamine
• I-Nicotine

Khumbula, akuzona zonke izinto eziluthayo ngokulinganayo. Amathuba okuba umuntu abe umlutha wezinto ezithile, noma "isibopho sakhe somlutha," ayahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Lokhu kuncike ezintweni eziningana:

• Indlela oyisebenzisa ngayo: Isibonelo, imiphumela iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi uyayithatha ngomlomo, uyijove, noma uyihogela. Uma ingena ngokushesha egazini, kulapho ingozi yokuba umlutha iba nkulu khona.
• Isivinini esifinyelela ngaso ebuchosheni nendlela esivuselela ngayo "isikhungo senjabulo" sobuchopho (indlela yomvuzo): Ezinye izinto ziya ngqo ebuchosheni bese ziqala inqubo yamakhemikhali esenza sizizwe sijabule futhi sanelisekile. Kufana 'nokukhahlela' okuncane ebuchosheni. Kuphinde kuthinte isivinini esiwela ngaso "umgoqo wegazi nobuchopho'".
• Isikhathi esithathayo ukuzwa imiphumela yokusebenzisa into: Uma imiphumela isheshe izwakale, kulapho amathuba okuthi uphinde uyisebenzise khona.
• Lokhu kungaholela ekwandeni "kokubekezelelana" komzimba kanye/noma amathuba "ezimpawu zokuhoxa": sizoxoxa ngalokhu kamuva.

Ziyini "Izinto Ezilawulwayo"?

'Izinto ezilawulwayo' yizidakamizwa noma amakhemikhali anamandla amakhulu okusetshenziswa kabi kanye nengozi ephezulu yokuba nesifo sokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (i-SUD) . Lezi azikwazi ukuthengwa ngaphandle kwemithi.

Isibonelo, e-United States, kunemithetho eqinile mayelana nokukhiqizwa nokusatshalaliswa kwemithi elawulwa ngodokotela. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-morphine (umuthi wokuqeda izinhlungu) kanye ne-methylphenidate (isikhuthazi). Futhi akukho emthethweni ukuba nezinto ezilawulwa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela, njenge-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) kanye ne-heroin.

I-Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) ihlukanise lezi zinto ezilawulwayo ngezigaba ezinhlanu, noma "amashejuli," anikeza umbono wobungozi bazo kanye nezinga lokulawula ezikudingayo.

• Ishejuli I: Lezi izidakamizwa ezinethuba eliphezulu lokusebenzisa kabi nokulutha. Izibonelo: `(Heroin)`, `(LSD)`, `(MDMA)` kanye nensangu `(Insangu)`. (Nakuba insangu isemthethweni kwamanye amazwe aseMelika, isekulesi sigaba ezingeni likazwelonke.)
• Ishejuli II: Lezi ziphinde zibe nengozi enkulu yokusebenzisa kabi kanye nokulutha. Izibonelo: `(Fentanyl)`, `(Morphine)`, `(Methamphetamine)` kanye `(Oxycodone)`. Odokotela kufanele balandele imithetho eqinile lapho benikeza le mithi (isib. ukungagcwaliswa kabusha).
• Ishejuli III: Le mithi inengozi ephansi yokusebenzisa kabi, kodwa inengozi ethile yokulutha. Izibonelo: I-Benzphetamine, i-Ketamine, kanye nama-Anabolic steroids. Le mithi inemikhawulo yesikhathi sokukhishwa kwayo (isb., inganikezwa izikhathi ezinhlanu kuphela phakathi nenkathi yezinyanga eziyisithupha).
• Ishejuli IV: Inengozi ephansi yokusebenzisa kabi kanye nokulutha kuneshejuli ezintathu zokuqala. Izibonelo: `(Clonazepam)`, `(Diazepam)`, `(Lorazepam)`, `(Tramadol)` kanye `(Triazolam)`. Ngisho noma umuthi ukhishwa kabusha, uqashwe ngokucophelela.
• Ishejuli V: Lezi yizidakamizwa ezinamathuba aphansi kakhulu okusebenzisa kabi noma ukulutha, kodwa azinazo ingozi ethile. Izibonelo: Eminye imithi equkethe `(Codeine)`, imithi yokulwa nohudo equkethe `(Atropine/diphenoxylate)`, `(Pregabalin)`. Odokotela bazokuqapha eduze ngenkathi uphathwa ngale mithi.

Nakuba lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo akufani eSri Lanka, kungasinika umbono wokuthi izinto ezithile kufanele zilawulwe kanjani futhi kufanele zisetshenziswe kuphela ngaphansi kweseluleko sezokwelapha.

Kwenzekani ebuchosheni nasemzimbeni uma sisebenzisa lezi zinto?

Umphumela osheshayo wokusebenzisa into ethile ubizwa ngokuthi "ukudakwa." Kunezinto eziningana ezingenzeka lapha:

• Ukushintsha kwesimo sengqondo: Ungazizwa unesizungu noma ulele ngokuzumayo. Ungazizwa ujabule kakhulu futhi unamandla. Ungazizwa usola noma ukhathazekile ngezinye izikhathi.
• Ukuphupha izinto ezingekho: Ukubona noma ukuzwa izinto ezingekho ngempela.
• Izinguquko ekucabangeni nasekhonweni lokwenza izinqumo: ukungakwazi ukukhetha okulungile kokungalungile, ukudideka ekucabangeni.
• Ubunzima bokuxhumana: Ukuntengantenga lapho uhamba, ubunzima bokubamba izinto.
• Ukwanda noma ukwehla kwesifiso sokudla: Lokhu kuyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi yini esetshenziswayo.

Indlela ozizwa ngayo incike ekutheni uthathe ini, ukuthi uthathe malini, nokuthi ngabe wawuneminye imithi noma izidakamizwa emzimbeni wakho ngaleso sikhathi.

Ukuhoxiswa Kwezidakamizwa

Uma usebenzisa into ethile njalo futhi njalo, umzimba wakho uyayijwayela. Kufana nento oyenzayo nsuku zonke. Bese kuthi, uma uyeka ukuyisebenzisa ngokuzumayo, noma lapho imiphumela yayo emzimbeni wakho iphela, uqala ukuzwa izimpawu ezingathandeki. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "izimpawu zokuhoxa" noma "izimpawu zokuyekisa."

Nazi ezinye zezimpawu ezivamile zokuhoxa:

• Ukucasuka
• Ukuzizwa ubanda (Ukugodola)
• Uhudo
• Ubunzima bokulala
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ukujuluka

Ubunzima balezi zimpawu zokuhoxa buxhomeke kulokho obukusebenzisa nokuthi umzimba wakho usujwayele kangakanani (ukubekezelelana). Ezinye izinto, njenge-opioids, zingabangela izimpawu zokuhoxa ezinzima kangangokuthi ungase ufune ukuzisebenzisa futhi ukuze uqede ubuhlungu. Yingakho inkinga yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ngezinye izikhathi ingaba nzima kakhulu ukwelapha.

Umphumela ebuchosheni

Lezi zinto eziluthayo zithinta ngqo "isikhungo senjabulo" ebuchosheni bakho. Cabanga ngakho, sonke ngokwebhayoloji sifuna ukuzizwa sijabule futhi sanelisekile. Isikhathi esiningi, sithola le njabulo ezintweni ezinhle nezinempilo. Uma uchitha isikhathi nomuntu omthandayo, noma uma udla ukudla okumnandi, umzimba wakho ukhiqiza ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-dopamine . Le dopamine yiyona esenza sizizwe sijabule futhi sanelisekile. Ngakho-ke kufana nomjikelezo - uthola imizwa emihle, ngakho-ke ufuna ukwenza lezo zinto ngokuphindaphindiwe.

Uyazi ukuthi kwenzekani uma uthatha lezi zinto eziluthayo? Ubuchopho bakho bukhiqiza inani elikhulu le-dopamine ngokuzumayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kudala injabulo enkulu ngokwenziwa. Leli zinga eliphezulu le-dopamine lingabangela izinguquko eziyingozi emicabangweni yakho, emizweni nasekuziphatheni kwakho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uphishekele injabulo yokwenziwa oyithola kulezi zinto kunenjabulo oyithola kulezo zinto ezinempilo.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi zinto zishintsha i-chemistry yobuchopho bakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, awusazizwa ujabule ngendlela efanayo ngenxa yenani owaliphuza ngaphambili. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uthuthukisa "ukubekezelela" into. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukusebenzisa into eningi kakhulu ukuze uthole injabulo efanayo. Lokhu kungaholela ekusebenziseni kakhulu, ukuthatha imithamo eyingozi, noma ukuxuba izinto ezahlukene. Lokhu kungaholela ezimweni ezisongela ukuphila ezifana "nokudlula ngokweqile."

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokusebenzisa nje nokuba umlutha?

Ukusebenzisa nje (ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa) kanye nokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa (ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa) kuhlukile endleleni engapheli, evamile eholela eSifo Sokusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa (i-SUD) . Umuntu angase asebenzise okuthile ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa lokho akumenzi abe "yi-SUD".

Kodwa, akuwona wonke umuntu othola lelo thuba. Ngezinye izikhathi, noma ngabe ulisebenzisa kabi izikhathi ezimbalwa, umzimba wakho ungalijwayela (ukubekezelelana) futhi lingaba umlutha. Lokho kusho ukuthi ungawela kulolu gibe kalula kunalokho ocabanga.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi inkinga yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa iyisimo esingelapheka. Uma usukulungele, kunezindlela zokwelapha, ukwelulekwa, kanye nemithi engakusiza ukuphatha lesi simo esingamahlalakhona.

Kufanele sikunakekele kanjani lokhu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke?

Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela banikeza imithi ethile yokusiza ngobuhlungu obukhulu ngemva kokuhlinzwa noma ukuphatha isimo esingamahlalakhona. Kukhona futhi namakhemikhali asekhaya (isib., isifutho sokuhlanza ikhibhodi). Lezi yizinto ezidingekayo.

Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwale mikhiqizo nakho kuvamile. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi oluphelele ngemithi udokotela wakho ayinikezayo noma imikhiqizo onayo ekhaya. Yigcine endaweni ephephile futhi uyisebenzise kuphela njengoba kuyalelwe .

Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma umuntu omthandayo angase abe sengozini yokuba umlutha, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela . Bakhona ukukusiza noma nini lapho usukulungele. Ungesabi, ungabi namahloni. Lokhu kungenzeka kunoma ubani, futhi kukhona usizo ngalokhu.

Okokugcina, izinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, kulokho esikuxoxile, kungenzeka ukuthi usuthole umbono wokuthi lezi zinto eziluthayo ziyingozi kangakanani, nokuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuziqaphela.

• Ukulutheka akusibo ubuthakathaka, kuyisifo: kungathinta noma ubani. Ngakho-ke akukuhle ukubandlulula noma ubani.
• Amandla okulutha ento ngayinye ahlukile: ezinye izinto zingaba umlutha ngokushesha kunalokho esikucabangayo.
• Ngisho nemithi kadokotela ingaba yingozi uma ingasetshenziswa kahle: Landela njalo imiyalelo kadokotela wakho.
• Ubuchopho bakho bukhulisa ukubekezelela lezi zinto: lokho kusho ukuthi udinga eziningi zazo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuyingozi.
• Ukuhoxa kungaba nzima kakhulu: Yingakho abantu abaningi bethanda ukusebenzisa futhi.
• Lukhona usizo! Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enale nkinga, kukhona odokotela nabeluleki abangakusiza. Ungahlupheki wedwa.

Ukukhuluma ngalokhu kungaba nzima. Kodwa, ukuqaphela kuyisinyathelo sokuqala. Wena nomndeni wakho kudingeka nikhulume ngalokhu futhi niqaphele. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho singagwema khona lezi zingibe futhi siphile impilo enempilo. Uma uneminye imibuzo, ungesabi ukubuza udokotela.

Umlutha , izidakamizwa, utshwala, i-nicotine, ukuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, impilo yengqondo, i-dopamine