Ingabe nawe unenkinga yokubona izinto ezithile? Ake sixoxe nge-Agnosia!

Cabanga nje, ubona umngane omazi kahle emgwaqweni. Ungabona ubuso bakhe ngokucacile, ungamuzwa ekhuluma, kodwa unomuzwa ongavamile wokuthi awukwazi ukumbona. Noma, uthatha indebe, ikamu, noma isihluthulelo osisebenzisa nsuku zonke futhi awukwazi ukuthola ukuthi, "Kuyini lokhu?" Kubonakala kungavamile kancane, akunjalo? Ingabe lokhu kuye kwenzeka nakuwe? Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-agnosia, esizokhuluma ngaso namuhla. Ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula nangokucacile.

Iyini ngempela i-Agnosia?

Kalula nje, i-agnosia yisimo lapho ubuchopho bethu bungakwazi ukubona okuthile. Into emangalisayo ukuthi, kulokhu, izinzwa zethu, okungukuthi, amehlo, izindlebe, impumulo, ulimi, isikhumba, njll., zisebenza kahle. Lokho kusho ukuthi ungabona, uzwe, uhogele, unambithe, futhi uthinte. Kodwa-ke, kuthinta ikhono lobuchopho lokuhumusha kahle ulwazi oluya ebuchosheni oluvela kulezo zinzwa bese luqaphela ukuthi, "O... yilokhu."

Cabanga nje, amehlo akho afana nekhamera. Athatha isithombe. Izindlebe zakho zifana nemakrofoni, ziqopha umsindo. Kodwa, lokhu kufana nenkinga ngesofthiwe yokubona ukuthi yini ekuleso sithombe nokuthi yini ekuleso msindo. Izinzwa ziyasebenza, kodwa ubuchopho abukwazi ukuwucubungula nokuwubona.

Lesi simo singathinta zonke izinzwa zethu ezinhlanu. Okungukuthi, ukubona, ukuzwa, ukuhogela, ukunambitha, kanye nokuthinta. Ngezinye izikhathi, noma singayibona into uma imile, asikwazi ukuyibona uma ihamba.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yilesi simo? Sivame kangakanani?

I-Agnosia ingenzeka kunoma yimuphi ubudala, kodwa ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezimo ezithile ezihlobene nobuchopho. Ezinye zalezi zimo zihlotshaniswa nokuguga.

Kodwa-ke, lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu . Abantu abangaphansi kuka-1% abelashwa ngezinkinga zobuchopho banesinye salezi zinhlobo ze-agnosia. Ngakho-ke ungakhathazeki ngokungadingekile.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Agnosia ne-Aphasia?

La magama amabili afana kancane, ngakho kulula ukudideka. Kodwa yizimo ezimbili ezihlukene kakhulu. Zombili zihilela ukulimala kwengxenye ethile yobuchopho, kodwa indlela umonakalo othinta ngayo ubuchopho ihlukile.

• I- Agnosia ukungakwazi ukubona ulwazi olutholwe kwenye yezinzwa zethu (isib., umbono, ukuzwa) ngenxa yokulimala kobuchopho. Izinzwa zakho zisebenza kahle, kodwa ingxenye yobuchopho ecubungula lolo lwazi ayisebenzi.
• I-Aphasia ukuphazamiseka kwamakhono olimi (ukukhuluma, ukuthola amagama) okubangelwa ukulimala kwezinye izindawo zobuchopho. Lokhu kungabangela izinga lokukhuluma elihamba kancane, ubunzima bokusebenzisa amagama afanele, noma ngisho nokungakwazi ukukhuluma nhlobo.

Kalula nje, i-agnosia iyinkinga yokuqashelwa , kuyilapho i-aphasia iyinkinga yolimi .

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Agnosia?

Izimpawu zalolu hlobo lwe-agnosia ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi isitho somqondo sithintekile. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-agnosia:

1. I-Agnosia yokuqonda: Lokhu kuyinkinga yokuqonda . Ngisho noma izinzwa zisebenza, ubuchopho abukwazi ukuqonda kahle ulwazi.

• Isibonelo: Uma uboniswa ikati, awukwazi ukulibona njengekati. Ngokufanayo, uma uboniswa izithombe eziningana zekati elifanayo, awukwazi ukubona ukuthi zonke ziyisithombe esifanayo.

2. I-Associate agnosia: Lena inkinga yokubona . Ubuchopho bungathatha ulwazi oluvela ezinzwa bese bulucubungula. Kodwa-ke, abukwazi ukubona noma ukuqonda ukuthi luyini lolo lwazi.

• Isibonelo: Uma uboniswa izithombe eziningana zekati elifanayo njengakuqala, uyaqaphela ukuthi zonke zivela esithombeni esifanayo. Kodwa-ke, awukwazi ukubona ukuthi isithombe siyikati.

Lo mehluko ucashile kakhulu, kodwa ubaluleke kakhulu.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-agnosia?

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-agnosia, kuye ngokuthi zithinta kanjani izinzwa. Ake sibheke ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko.

Ama-Agnosia Abonakalayo

Ezinye zalezi ziyi:

• U-Akinetopsia: Kulokhu, ungabona izinto, kodwa awukwazi ukubona ukuthi ziyahamba. Cabanga ubona imoto emgwaqweni, kodwa ungazi ukuthi iyahamba.
• U-Alexia: Laba bantu abakwazi ukufunda izincwadi. Bangabona izincwadi, babhale futhi bakhulume, kodwa abakwazi ukufunda.
• I-Prosopagnosia: Ebizwa nangokuthi "ubumpumputhe bobuso," lokhu ukungakwazi ukubona ubuso babantu obajwayele. Ungase ungakwazi ukubona umama wakho, ubaba, noma umfowenu noma umfowenu. Kodwa-ke, ungase ukwazi ukubabona ngezinye izinto, njengezwi labo noma indlela abahamba ngayo. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukulimala kobuchopho, noma kungaba yisimo sokuzalwa kwabanye abantu.
• I-Achromatopsia: Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-color agnosia. Ungabona imibala futhi uhlukanise phakathi kwemibala, kodwa awukwazi ukubona umehluko phakathi kokuthi "lokhu kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" nokuthi "lokhu kubomvu."
• Ifomu le-Agnosia: Kulokhu, izingxenye zento zingabonakala, kodwa yonke into ayikwazi ukubonwa. Isibonelo, amasondo, isihlalo, kanye nezibambo zebhayisikili kungabonakala ngokwehlukana, kodwa uma konke kuhlanganiswa, akubonwa njengebhayisikili.
• I-Simultagnosia: Ubunzima bokubona izinto ezingaphezu kweyodwa ngesikhathi. Cabanga nje, noma ngabe usehlathini, ungabona umuthi owodwa ngesikhathi, akunakwenzeka ukuqonda lonke ihlathi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
• I-Autopagnosia: Ubunzima bokubona izingxenye zomzimba kuwe noma kwabanye. Mhlawumbe ukwazi ukuthi iminwe iyini, kodwa ungakwazi ukuyibona uma ibonwa.
• I-Agnosia Yezenhlalo Nemizwa:Ukungakwazi ukuqonda izimpawu ezingezona ezezwi (njengokubonakaliswa kobuso nolimi lomzimba)

Ama-Agnosia Okuzwa

Ezinye zalezi:

• I-Amusia: Ukungakwazi ukuqaphela izingoma noma imiculo eyayaziwa ngaphambilini. Kungase kube nokungakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi komculo neminye imisindo.
• I-Agnosia Yokuzwa Ngezwi: Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "ukungezwa kwamagama." Umuntu akakwazi ukuqonda amagama ashiwo ngumuntu, kodwa angafunda, abhale, futhi akhulume ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
• I-Phonagnosia: Ukungakwazi ukubona amazwi ajwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, ingane ingaqonda okushiwo kulawo mazwi. Isibonelo, lapho ingane ikhuluma, ingane iyaqonda ukuthi ingane ithini, kodwa ingane ayikwazi ukubona izwi lengane.
• Ukungezwa Kwe-Cortical: Izindlebe zizwa imisindo, futhi lezo zimpawu ziya ebuchosheni. Kodwa ubuchopho abukwazi ukuqonda lezo zimpawu.

Ama-Agnosia Athintayo

Ezinye zalezi:

• I-Astereognosis: Ukungakwazi ukubona into ngokuyithinta. Kodwa-ke, umuntu angayibona ngokuyibona. Isibonelo, uma unikezwa isihluthulelo amehlo akho evaliwe, awukwazi ukuyibona ngokuyithinta.
• I-Ahylognosia: Ukungakwazi ukubona izinto ezibonakalayo, isisindo, ukujiya, noma ukuthungwa kwendawo ngokuyithinta. Kodwa-ke, ikhono lokubona ukuma kwayo lingenzeka.

Amanye ama-Agnosia

• I-Anosognosia: Lokhu kukhethekile kancane. Kulapho ungakwazi ukubona ukuthi unesifo noma isimo esithile. Lokhu akukhona nje ukuphika ukuthi awuguli. Ubuchopho bakho abukwazi ngisho nokubona ukuthi unenkinga. Isibonelo, umuntu onesifo sikaParkinson angase angakwazi ukulawula izitho zakhe zomzimba, yize enobunzima bokulawula ukunyakaza kwakhe.
• I-Anosodiaphoria: Ngisho noma beqonda ukuthi banesifo, abakwazi ukuqonda ubucayi noma ukubaluleka kwaso. Laba bantu bangase bayithathe kancane inkinga ngoba abaqapheli ukuthi iyingozi kangakanani.
• I-Agnosia Emnandi: Ubunzima bokubona ukunambitheka (njengokumnandi noma okubabayo) noma ukuqaphela ukunambitheka kokudla okujwayelekile.
• I-Olfactory Agnosia: Ukungakwazi ukubona iphunga elijwayelekile ngaphambilini.

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Ziyini izimbangela?

I-Agnosia akuyona inkinga ngezinzwa, iyinkinga ebuchosheni . Njengezinye izingxenye zomzimba wethu, ubuchopho bungalimala (izilonda). Imiphumela iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi umonakalo wenzeka kuphi ebuchosheni. Umonakalo ungenzeka ngokuzumayo, noma ungenzeka kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kuye ngembangela eyisisekelo.

Ezinye izimo ezingabangela i-agnosia yilezi:

• Isifo sika-Alzheimer
• Ukuqhuma noma ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni (ama-Aneurysms)
• Izimila zobuchopho (izimila ezinomdlavuza nezingezona umdlavuza)
• Isifo sokulahlekelwa yingqondo
• Izinkinga zokukhula
• Ikhanda kontusiyalar yoki travmatik miya zamanslari (TBIs) kabi bosh zamanlari. (Ukulimala ekhanda, isb `(Izingxabano)` noma `(I-Traumatic Brain Injuries - TBIs)`)
• Umonakalo obangelwa ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo ebuchosheni (i-cerebral hypoxia)
• Izifo (isib., izifo ezibangela i-encephalitis)
• Ukuquleka kanye nesifo sokuwa
• I-apnea yokulala (isifo sokuphefumula esihlobene nokuhogela)
• Isifo sohlangothi
• Ubuthi, njengobuthi be-carbon monoxide

Ingabe lokhu kuyathelelana?

Cha, i-Agnosia ayisona isifo esithathelwanayo . Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifo ezingabangela i-Agnosia zingathelelana. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi lezo zifo zibangele i-Agnosia.

Udokotela uhlonza kanjani lokhu?

Ukuthola i-agnosia kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Kuhilela udokotela ohlola umzimba, othatha umlando, kanye nokuthola izithombe zokuxilonga.

Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ukuqinisekisa okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa: Hlola ukuthi isitho sezinzwa esifanele (njengokuzwa) sisebenza kahle yini nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini izinkinga ngaso.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesimo sengqondo kanye nesimo sengqondo: Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi inkinga ayikho ngokucabanga, ukunaka, noma ukuxazulula izinkinga.
• Ukuhlolwa kwenkumbulo nokujwayelana: Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu akuyona inkinga yenkumbulo nokuthi akubangelwa ukuntuleka kolwazi lwangaphambilini ngento engajwayelekile.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga nokuhlola: Lokhu kuhlolwa kubheka umonakalo noma isilonda engxenyeni efanele yobuchopho.

Ezinye izivivinyo ezingenziwa kulokhu yilezi:

• I-CT scan `(I-computed tomography (CT) scan)`
• I-E.E.G. `(I-Electroencephalogram (EEG))`
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI `(Ukuthwebula izithombe ze-magnetic resonance (MRI))`
• Ukubhoboza umgogodla/umgogodla

Udokotela angenza ezinye izivivinyo kuye ngokuthi imbangela ebangela yini.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokwelapha? Ingabe ingelapheka?

I-Agnosia ngokuvamile ayilapheki . Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi imbangela eyisisekelo ingelashwa. Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa kuhilela ukukusiza ukuphatha lesi simo ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zibhekana nenkinga eyisisekelo, kanti ezinye zikufundisa indlela yokusebenza nokujwayela i-agnosia.

Lokhu okulandelayo kungenziwa njengokwelashwa:

• Imithi: Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi, kusukela kuma-antibiotics okutheleleka kuya emithini yokwelapha i-dementia.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Ngezinye izikhathi i-agnosia ingabangelwa umdlavuza wobuchopho. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukususwa kwesimila ngokuhlinzwa kunganciphisa ingcindezi ebuchosheni futhi kuvumele ukuthi busebenze ngendlela evamile futhi.
• Ukwelashwa kanye nokuvuselelwa: Njengoba izinkinga zobuchopho ezifana ne-agnosia zivame ukuhlala isikhathi eside, ukwelashwa kuvame ukuhilela ukufundisa abantu indlela yokubhekana nalesi simo. Ukwelashwa ngenkulumo kanye nokwelashwa ngomsebenzi kuyasiza kakhulu kulokhu.

Ezinye izindlela ngaphandle kokuvuselelwa

I-Agnosia ivame ukuthinta umuzwa owodwa kuphela (nakuba okunye ukulimala kobuchopho kungathinta izinzwa eziningi), ngakho-ke ingakhokhelwa ngokusebenzisa ezinye izinzwa. Izibonelo:

• Umuntu one- prosopagnosia uqeqeshwe ukuqaphela abanye abantu ngamazwi abo.
• Umuntu one- agnosia yokuzwa ngomlomo ufundiswa ukufunda izindebe noma uyasizwa ukuxhumana ngokubhala.
• Umuntu one- visual agnosia angase abhale izinto azibonayo ngoba engakwazi ukuzibona.

Futhi, kuyasiza ukugcina izinto zisendaweni efanayo, ukusebenza ngendlela ehlelekile, nokususa izinto ezingadingekile.

Singazivikela kanjani kulesi simo?

Ezinye izimbangela ze-agnosia (isib., izimo ezithile zofuzo) zingaphezu kwamandla ethu, ngakho azinakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinto zingenziwa ukunciphisa ingozi.

• Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo futhi ugcine isisindo esinempilo. Izifo zenhliziyo nezifo zesimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi, njengokushaywa unhlangothi, zingalimaza ubuchopho. Ukuzigwema kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi ye-agnosia.
• Ungazithathi kalula izifo. Ukutheleleka kwamehlo nendlebe kudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Kungaba yingozi uma kusakazekela ebuchosheni, kubangele ukulimala kobuchopho kanye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
• Gqoka imishini yokuzivikela. Ukulimala ekhanda kungabangela ukulimala kobuchopho kanye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Gqoka imishini yokuzivikela njengesigqoko sokuzivikela ngenkathi usebenza noma ngezinye izikhathi.
• Lawula ezinye izimo zakho zezokwelapha. Uma unezimo ezingalimaza ubuchopho bakho, njengesifo sokuwa noma i-sleep apnea, zilawule ngendlela efanele.

Yini ongayilindela uma uhlala ne-Agnosia?

Izinga lalo mthelela lincike ohlotsheni lwe-agnosia, ubukhali bayo, nokuthi ithinta kanjani impilo yakho. Kwabanye, kungaba nzima kakhulu, kanti kwabanye kungase kungabi nomthelela omkhulu.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi yize lesi simo sihlala njalo, kunezindlela zokubhekana naso. Ukwelashwa kokuvuselelwa kungasiza kakhulu. Abantu abaningi bangabhekana naso ngale ndlela futhi baphile impilo ende, ejabulisayo nenempilo.

Lesi simo ngokuvamile sihlala njalo . Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, uma umonakalo wobuchopho ungowesikhashana, ungase ululame phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa kuya onyakeni.

I-Agnosia ngokwayo ayisongeli impilo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye zezimo ezibangela lokhu (uhlangothi, isimila sobuchopho) zingaba yingozi. Futhi, lapho lesi simo senza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke, kungavela izimo eziyingozi. Isibonelo, ukuwela umgwaqo kuyingozi kumuntu one-akinetopsia ongakwazi ukubona izinto ezihambayo. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzivumelanisa nalokhu, ikakhulukazi ukuvuselelwa kanye nokwelashwa.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma wena (noma othile omaziyo) unenkinga entsha yokubona izinto ozaziyo, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela . Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyi-agnosia noma cha, ushintsho olunjalo luvame ukuba uphawu lwenkinga yobuchopho edinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Ungazami ukuyixilonga noma ukuyiphatha wena.

Kufanele uye nini ekunakekelweni okuphuthumayo?

Uma kuvela izimpawu ze-agnosia ngokuzumayo , ikakhulukazi uma zihambisana nezimpawu ezilandelayo zesifo sohlangothi noma ukulimala kobuchopho, funa ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo ngokushesha :

• Ubuthakathaka, ukuba ndikindiki, noma ukukhubazeka kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba.
• Ukungakhulumi kahle, ukungingiza.
• Ukugoba kolunye uhlangothi lobuso noma ukulahlekelwa umbono kwelinye iso.
• Ubunzima bokugwinya.
• Ukudideka, ukucasuka.
• Ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo, ukucabanga, nokukhumbula.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elibi kakhulu nelingalindelekile.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Agnosia yisimo sezinzwa esididayo nesesabekayo. Impilo ingaba nzima kancane ngenxa yezinto ezinjengokungakwazi ukubona ubuso obujwayelekile noma ukungakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi othile uthini.

Kodwa, qhubeka unethemba!

• I-Agnosia akuyona inkinga ngezinzwa zakho (amehlo, izindlebe), kodwa inkinga ngekhono lobuchopho bakho lokubona ulwazi.
• Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zalokhu, futhi izitho ezahlukene zingathinteka.
• Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kubangelwa uhlobo oluthile lomonakalo ebuchosheni.
• Uma unalezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela.
• Nakuba lesi simo sihlala njalo, kukhona ochwepheshe nezinhlelo ezingakusiza ukuthi uzivumelanise nesimo futhi uphile naso. Ukuvuselelwa kanye nokwelashwa kungakunikeza impumuzo enkulu.

Khumbula, ungabeka imingcele yokuthi lesi simo sithinta kangakanani impilo yakho. Ngeseluleko esifanele sezokwelapha kanye nokuvuselelwa, ungaphila impilo ejabulisayo naphezu kokuba ne-agnosia.

I- Agnosia, ukuphazamiseka kobuchopho, ubunzima bokuqaphela, i-agnosia yokubona, i-agnosia yokuzwa, i-agnosia yokuthinta, izifo zemizwa