Wake wazibuza ukuthi zingaki izinto ezimangalisayo ezenzekayo emizimbeni yethu? Ngaphandle kwethu kokwazi, kuhlale kunempi enkulu eqhubekayo emizimbeni yethu. Le mpi ilwiwa amasosha ethu omzimba. Ifana nebutho elivikela izwe lethu. Umsebenzi waleli butho ukuthola nokubhubhisa izitha ezifana namagciwane namagciwane avela ngaphandle. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi leli butho liba nolaka kakhulu bese liqala ukuhlasela amangqamuzana amahle emizimbeni yethu. Ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, kudingeka kube nomuntu ozolawula leli butho futhi alinike imiyalo efanele, akunjalo? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlobo olukhethekile lweseli olusebenza lowo msebenzi obaluleke kakhulu. Lokho amaseli e-Regulatory T, noma ama-Tregs ngamafuphi.
Kalula nje, ayini la ma-Regulatory T cell (Tregs)?
Cabanga ngesimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela njengebutho elisebenza kahle kakhulu nelinamandla. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamasosha kuleli butho. Phakathi kwawo, amaseli e-Regulatory T afana nezikhulu eziphezulu, noma amaphoyisa, kuleli butho. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukulawula amanye amaseli (amasosha) esimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ukuthi angasebenzi ngokweqile noma aphazamiseke.
Empeleni lezi ziwuhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi emizimbeni yethu. Zihlala ziqapha ukusebenza kwesistimu yokuzivikela komzimba. Uma endaweni ethile isistimu yokuzivikela yomzimba isabela ngokweqile, okusho ukuthi uma izama ukuhlasela amangqamuzana ethu, lawa maseli e-Tregs ayangena futhi ayeke leyo nqubo. Afana nokuthi, "Kulungile, kulungile, kwanele. Lokho kungesinye sethu, ungahlaseli."
Ngaphandle kwalezi zifo, amasosha omzimba wethu ayahluleka ukulawula futhi aqale ukulimaza imizimba yethu. Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi isifo sokuzivikela komzimba .
Kalula nje, ama-Tregs awuhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lweseli olugcina ibhalansi yesimiso sethu somzimba, sikhetha phakathi kokulungile nokungalungile bese sikusindisa.
Ngakho-ke, ziyini lezi 'zi-antigen'?
Sithe isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela siyibutho. Ngakho-ke leli butho lilwa nobani? Lilwa nama-antigen . Ama-antigen ayizitha zesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Lezi zingaba izinto eziyingozi emizimbeni yethu, izinto zangaphandle. Lapho lesi sitha singena emzimbeni, isimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela siyasiqaphela futhi sikhiqize amaprotheni abizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies ukulwa naso.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zala ma-antigen. Ake sibone ukuthi ayini.
| Uhlobo lwe-antigen | Incazelo nje |
|---|---|
| Ama-antigen angaphandle | Lezi yizitha ezingena emizimbeni yethu zivela ngaphandle. Isibonelo, amabhaktheriya, amagciwane, izimuncagazi kanye namakhemikhali anobuthi. |
| Ama-antigen azimele | Lokhu kukhiqizwa ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu, emaselini ethu nasezicutshini. Amasosha ethu omzimba awavamile ukuwahlasela. Isibonelo, kukhona ama-antigen emaselini egazi egazini lethu. |
| Ama-Antigens (ama-Neoantigens) kumaseli omdlavuza | Lokhu kukhiqizwa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Empeleni lawa ama-antigen amasha aguqulwe kusuka 'kuma-self-antigen' ayekhona emaseli ethu. |
Ikhono elimangalisayo lamaseli e-Treg ukukhetha ngokunembile ukuthi yimaphi kulawa ma-antigen okufanele ahlaselwe nokuthi yimaphi okufanele angathinteki .
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-Tregs?
Nakuba kunezinhlobo eziningi zala maseli e-Treg, abacwaningi bawahlukanisa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu, ngalinye linemisebenzi emibili.
| Uhlobo lwe-Treg | Umsebenzi oyinhloko |
|---|---|
| Ama-iTregs (Ama-Tregs Akhushuliwe) | Izinjongo zabo eziyinhloko ama-antigen angaphandle kanye namaseli omdlavuza (ama-neoantigen). Baqala umsebenzi wabo ngezibonakaliso ezivela kumaprotheni amancane abizwa ngokuthi ama-cytokine . |
| Ama-nTregs (Ama-Tregs Emvelo) | Umgomo wabo oyinhloko ama-antigen omzimba wethu (ama-self-antigen). Okusho ukuthi, umsebenzi wabo ukulawula ukuvuvukala okuzenzakalelayo. |
Yimuphi umsebenzi ohlinzekwa ngamaseli e-Regulatory T emizimbeni yethu?
Manje sesiyazi ukuthi amaTregs ayizingcweti zesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Asinikeza izinsizakalo ezibalulekile. Ake sibheke ukuthi ayini:
- Ilawula impendulo yomzimba: Iqondisa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ukuthi sihlasele kuphela inani elidingekayo lezitha zakwamanye amazwe kanye namaseli omdlavuza, ngqo lapho kuhlosiwe khona.
- Ukuvikela imizimba yethu: Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuyeka ukuhlasela amangqamuzana ethu aphilile. Odokotela bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi 'ukuzibekezelela' . Okusho ukuthi, sifundisa imizimba yethu ukubekezelela izinto zayo. Lena yindlela esingazivikela ngayo ekuhlaselweni yizifo ezibangelwa amasosha omzimba.
- Ilawula Ukuvuvukala: Isiza ukulawula ukuvuvukala okungadingekile emzimbeni futhi ivimbele ukulimala kwezicubu.
- Kusiza ngokufakelwa izitho zomzimba: Uma umuntu ethola isitho esisha (njengezinso noma inhliziyo), umzimba wethu usibona njengesingaphandle bese uzama ukusenqaba. Amaseli e-Tregs athulisa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela futhi asisize samukele isitho esisha.
La maseli amangalisayo avelaphi?
Lawa ma-Treg akhiqizwa yi -thymus gland emizimbeni yethu. Lena yi-gland abantu abaningi abangase bangayizwa. Itholakala ngaphambili kwesifuba sethu, phakathi kwamaphaphu amabili, ngemuva kwethambo lesifuba (sternum).
I-thymus gland ikhiqiza i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-thymosin. Le hormone isiza amangqamuzana e-Tregs ukuba akhule. Lapho amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (ikakhulukazi ama-lymphocyte ) enziwa emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo edlula endlaleni ye-thymus, aba amangqamuzana e-T. Uma lawa maseli e-T esevuthiwe, aya ema-lymph node futhi alungele ukusebenza.
Okumangalisayo ngempela ukuthi i-thymus gland ikhiqiza amaseli e-T kuphela kuze kube yilapho sesikhulile. Ngemva kwalokho, i-gland iyancipha kancane kancane futhi ithathelwa indawo ngamafutha.
Ingabe i-Tregs iwusizo kwezinye izimo?
Yebo, impela! Lesi ngesinye sezihloko ezishisa kakhulu kwezokwelapha njengamanje. Abacwaningi manje bazama ukubona ukuthi la maseli e-Tregs angasetshenziswa yini ukwelapha izifo ezahlukahlukene. Ikakhulukazi ukungezwani komzimba, umdlavuza, kanye nezifo ezizimele.
Bakholelwa ukuthi ngokwandisa inani lala maseli e-Tregs emzimbeni, kuzokwazi ukulawula umsebenzi ongafuneki wesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Ngale ndlela, kuzokwazi ukulawula noma ngisho nokwelapha izifo ezilandelayo esikhathini esizayo.
- I-Lupus
- I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
- I-thyroiditis
- Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1
- Isifo samathambo esibizwa ngokuthi i-rheumatoid arthritis
- I-ulcerative colitis
Yini esingayenza ukuze sigcine amaseli ethu e-Tregs ephilile?
Kusezandleni zethu ukugcina la maseli ayigugu agcina amasosha ethu omzimba elinganisela. Akudingeki senze noma yini ekhethekile ukuze senze lokho. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela indlela yokuphila elula nenempilo.
- Lawula ukuphuza kwakho utshwala: Uma uphuza utshwala, phuza ngokulinganisela.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo okunempilo: Yidla imifino eminingi, izithelo kanye nemifino eluhlaza.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo: Yenza okungenani imizuzu engama-30 yokuzivocavoca ngamandla ngosuku.
- Lala ngokwanele: Ukulala kahle ebusuku amahora angu-7-8 ngosuku kubalulekile.
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo: Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo sobude bakho kusiza ekuvikeleni ezifweni eziningi.
- Lawula ukucindezeleka: Gcina impilo yengqondo yakho iphilile ngezinto ezifana ne-yoga nokuzindla.
- Gwema ukubhema: Uma ubhema, yeka namuhla.
- Goma ngesikhathi: Ukuthola imijovo edingekayo kuqinisa amasosha omzimba.
- Geza izandla zakho njalo: Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela amagciwane ukugeza izandla zakho njalo.
Ngingacela udokotela wami ukuthi anginike ukwelashwa kwe-Tregs?
Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abanawo. Njengamanje, ukwelashwa okusebenzisa amaseli e-Treg akutholakali ezibhedlela noma emitholampilo evamile. Lokhu kwelashwa kusesesigabeni socwaningo (izivivinyo zemitholampilo).
Abacwaningi basazama ukuthola indlela yokwandisa amaseli e-Treg ngokuphephile nangendlela ephumelelayo emzimbeni. Nazi ezinye zezindlela abazifundayo:
- Izinhlobo zemithi
- Imigomo
- Ukwelashwa ngamaseli: Ukushintsha amaseli e-Treg ngaphandle komzimba nokuwabuyisela emzimbeni
- Ukufakelwa indle
Ngakho-ke, lokhu cishe kuzoba ukwelashwa okuwusizo kakhulu esingakulindela esikhathini esizayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Amaseli e-T alawulayo (ama-Tregs) afana “nabalindi” noma “amaphoyisa” esimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela.
- Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukuvimbela amasosha omzimba ukuthi angasebenzi ngokweqile futhi ahlasele imizimba yethu (isifo sokuzivikela komzimba).
- Zihlukanisa phakathi kwezitha zangaphandle namaseli omzimba wethu, zinikeza imiyalo eqondile ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba.
- Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo, singalondoloza ukusebenza kwala maseli e-Tregs.
- Nakuba ukwelashwa okusebenzisa amaseli e-Treg kusesesigabeni sokucwaninga, kunethemba elikhulu lokuthi kuzosiza ekwelapheni izifo eziningi esikhathini esizayo.
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