Ubuwazi lezi zinto ngemigudu yakho yomoya?

Sonke siphefumula njalo, akunjalo? Kodwa wake wacabanga ngokujulile ngokuthi lo moya ungena kanjani emizimbeni yethu, ukuthi uphuma kanjani futhi, nokuthi yiziphi izindlela ozithathayo kulolu hambo? Njengoba nje kunemigwaqo yezimoto, kunesimiso esikhethekile semigwaqo emizimbeni yethu somoya esiwuthathayo ukuze singene futhi siphume futhi. Leyo migwaqo yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi 'imigwaqo yomoya' noma ngesiNgisi 'imigwaqo yomoya'. Lezi ziyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesistimu yethu yokuphefumula.

Ngakho-ke ziyini lezi zindlela zomoya?

Kalula nje, izindlela zakho zomoya ziyimibhobho, noma izindlela, ezivumela umoya ukuthi ungene futhi uphume emaphashini akho. Cabanga ngazo njengezindlela zokuhamba zezindiza ukuze zihlale futhi zisuke. Lezi zindlela yilapho umoya ocebile nge-oxygen ungena khona emaphashini akho, futhi i-carbon dioxide (CO2), udoti oqongelela emaphashini, ukhishwa emzimbeni wakho.

Lezi zindlela zomoya zihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko:

1. I-Upper Airways: Lezi zitholakala eduze kobuso bakho, ikhanda, nentamo. Zifana nezitezi eziphezulu zendlu. Zihlanganisa:

• Imigodi yekhala
• Izimbobo zama-sinus (`ama-sinus`)
• Ingxenye engenhla yomphimbo (i-pharynx)
• Ibhokisi lezwi (i-larynx)

Lezi zingxenye yilapho umoya uthathwa khona ungene emzimbeni usuka endaweni engaphandle.

2. Izindiza Eziphansi: Lezi zitholakala engxenyeni engezansi yentamo yakho nesifuba. Zixhunywe ngqo emaphashini. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Umphimbo womoya (i-trachea - siwubiza nangokuthi i-bronchi )
• I-bronchi eyinhloko (`i-bronchi` - lawa ngamapayipi amabili amakhulu ahlukanisa i-trachea ibe yizimbili)
• Imigudu yomoya emincane ('ama-bronchioles' - lawo mapayipi amakhulu ahlukana abe amancane)

Iyiphi insizakalo esinikezwa yizinkampani zomoya ngempela?

Into eyinhloko ukuba yindlela yokungena komoya. Kodwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, le mizila yomoya yenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu.

• Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama: Ake sithi uphefumula ngosuku olubandayo. Akukuhle uma lowo moya obandayo uya ngqo emaphashini akho. Ngakho-ke, le migudu yomoya ifudumeza umoya ukuze ifane nokushisa komzimba wakho. Futhi, uma umoya womile, wengeza umswakama odingekayo kuwo.

• Ukususwa kwefilakisi nokuvikelwa: Kunezigidi zezinwele ezincane ngaphakathi kwemigudu yethu yomoya. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi i-cilia. Zifana nemishanelo emincane. Endleleni yokuphefumula ephezulu, lezi zivimba izinto eziyingozi njengothuli namagciwane ukuthi zingangeni. Endleleni yokuphefumula engezansi, into ebizwa ngokuthi ifilakisi ibamba lezi zinhlayiya ezincane. Bese kuthi, i-cilia ikhuphuke njengegagasi bese isunduza lefilakisi iye emphinjeni. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-escalator ye-mucociliary. Bese kuthi, lapho sikhwehlela noma sithimula, lefilakisi kanye nalezo zinto eziyingozi zikhishwe emzimbeni. Nakuba ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo kwefilakisi kungase kubonakale kuyinkathazo, empeleni kuyindlela yokuthi umzimba wethu uzivikele.

• Ukusiza ngokukhuluma nokuhogela: Uyazi ukuthi ukhuluma kanjani ? Uma ukhipha umoya, umoya udlula ezintanjeni zezwi ebhokisini lakho lezwi (i-larynx) bese ziyadlidliza, zidale umsindo. Ngokufanayo, uma uphefumula, izinhlayiya zephunga ezihambisana nomoya zishaya inzwa ekhethekile phezulu ekhaleni lakho (inzwa yokuhogela), futhi lowo myalezo uya ebuchosheni bakho, ukutshela ukuthi, "Ah... lokho kunuka njengerozi."

Ake sifunde kahle ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye eziyinhloko zomgudu womoya?

Sesikhulume kancane ngalokhu okungenhla. Manje ake sibheke ukuthi le ndlela yakheka kanjani, kusukela ekhaleni kuya ezikhwameni ezincane zomoya (i-alveoli) ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu.

• Umgodi wempumulo (ngaphakathi kwempumulo)
• Ama-sinuses (izimbobo ekhanda elizungeze ikhala)
• Umphimbo (umphimbo)
• I-Larynx (ibhokisi lezwi)
• Umphimbo (umphimbo womoya)
• I-bronchi eyinhloko (`i-Bronchi`) (amapayipi amabili amakhulu ahlukanisa i-trachea)
• Ama-bronchioles (amapayipi amancane ahlukana abe amancane)

Lezi zindlela zomoya ezincane ekugcineni zixhumanisa nezikhwama zomoya ezincane (i-alveoli) ezingaphakathi kwamaphaphu, ezifana namaqoqo amagilebhisi. Yilapho ukushintshana komoya-mpilo kanye ne-carbon dioxide kwenzeka khona.

Yiziphi izifo ezivamile ezithinta imigudu yomoya?

Ngeshwa, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezifo ezithinta lolu hlelo olubalulekile. Zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko.

1. Izimo ezingamahlalakhona

Lezi akuzona izifo ezivelela ngokuzumayo bese ziba ngcono, kodwa izimo ezihlala isikhathi eside, mhlawumbe ngisho nokuphila konke.

• Isifuba somoya: Lesi yisimo lapho imigudu yomoya ivuvukala futhi inciphe, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula. Abanye abantu bazwa ukuqina esifubeni sabo lapho bethimula.
• I-Bronchiectasis: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho izindonga zezindlela zomoya ziba buthakathaka futhi zivuvukale. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukususa ulwelwesi futhi kungaholela ezifweni.
• Isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona (i-COPD): Lesi yisifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona esivame ukwenzeka kubantu ababhemayo. Sibangela umonakalo wesikhathi eside emaphashini futhi senza kube nzima ukuphefumula.
• I-Cystic fibrosis: Lesi yisifo esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo lapho uketshezi emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi ulwelwesi, luqina futhi luvimba izindlela zokuphefumula.

2. Ukuvuvukala kwendlela yokuphefumula

Ukuvuvukala kumane nje kuwukuvuvukala. Le migudu yokuphefumula ingavuvukala ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene.

• Ukutheleleka: Ukutheleleka ngegciwane noma ngamagciwane njengomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, i-pneumonia, kanye ne-COVID-19 kungabangela ukuthi izindlela zomoya zivuvuke.
• Ukungezwani komzimba: Ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezifana nothuli, impova, kanye nokudla okuthile nakho kungabangela ukuthi izindlela zomoya zivuvuke.

Igama lesifo liyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi lokhu kuvuvukala kukuphi:

• Uma imigudu yomoya eyinhloko ivuvukala: I-Bronchitis
• Uma imigudu yomoya emincane ivuvukala (ngokuvamile ezinganeni ezincane): I-Bronchiolitis
• Uma imigodi yama-sinus ivuvukala: I-Sinusitis

3. Ukuvinjelwa komoya (Ukuvinjwa)

Ngezinye izikhathi izindlela zokuphefumula zingavinjelwa okuthile.

• Izinto zakwamanye amazwe: Izingane ezincane, ikakhulukazi, zivame ukuba nezingcezu zamathoyizi, ukudla okufana nama-cashew, kanye nophizi ezinamathele emakhaleni nasemphinjeni.
• Ukukhula okungenabungozi: Ngezinye izikhathi ukukhula okungenabo umdlavuza kungakheka ngaphakathi kwemigudu yomoya futhi kuvimbe indlela yokungena.
• Izimila ezinomdlavuza: Izinto ezifana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu nazo zingavimba imigudu yokuphefumula.
• Ukuncishiswa kwendlela yokuphefumula (`Stenosis`): Ngesizathu esithile, ingxenye yomgudu wokuphefumula ingaba mncane futhi iqine.
• I-Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): Lesi yisimo abantu abaningi abasibiza ngokuthi “ukuhona.” Izicubu ezithambile ezingemuva komphimbo ziyawa ngesikhathi sokulala, zivale indlela yokuphefumula.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile zezifo zokuphefumula?

Uma unalezi zimpawu, kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yenkinga yokuphefumula:

• Ukuminyana kwamakhala, impumulo egobhozayo.
• Imisindo engavamile lapho uphefumula. Isibonelo, kungase kube nomsindo wokushaya ikhwela (`ukushaya umoya`) noma umsindo onzima (`ukushaya umoya`) .
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya) - ukuzizwa uphelelwa umoya kanye nomuzwa wokuqina esifubeni ngisho nalapho ukhuphuka izitebhisi ezimbalwa.
• Ukulala ngokweqile emini (ikakhulukazi kulabo abane-OSA).
• Ukukhwehlela okuvamile, ngezinye izikhathi okune-phlegm.

Okubalulekile: Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, kungcono ukubonana nodokotela futhi ucele iseluleko.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwa odokotela ukuze bathole lezi zimo?

Udokotela angase acele ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kuye ngezimpawu zakho:

• I-Endoscopy: Inqubo esebenzisa ithubhu elincane (isikophu) elinekhamera enamathiselwe kuyo ukuze ibheke ngaphakathi kwemigudu yomoya. Uma ibheka ngekhala, ibizwa ngokuthi i-nasal endoscopy, kanti uma ibheka ku-trachea kanye ne-bronchi, ibizwa ngokuthi i-bronchoscopy.
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okulinganisa izinto ezifana nokuthi uphefumula kahle kangakanani kanye namandla amaphaphu akho.
• I-pulse oximetry: Ukuhlolwa okulula okukala izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini ngokubeka i-clip encane emunweni.
• Ama-X-ray esifubeni kanye nama-CT scan: Lokhu kungathatha izithombe ezicacile zezindlela zokuphefumula namaphaphu ukuze kutholakale izinkinga.
• Izifundo zokulala: Lezi zivivinyo zenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi une-sleep apnea (OSA).

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izifo zokuphefumula?

Izindlela zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesifo kanye nobunzima baso.

• Izinhlobo zemithi:
• Nciphisa ukuvuvukala futhi uvule imigudu yokuphefumula: Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa `(ama-inhalers)` (isib. `ama-corticosteroids aphefumulayo`, `ama-bronchodilators`).
• Ngezifo: Imithi efana ``nemithi yokulwa namagciwane`` inikezwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, ``imithi yokulwa namagciwane`` yezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, kanye ``nemithi yokulwa namagciwane`` yezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
• Ukuze kulawulwe ukuvuvukala okubangelwa ukungezwani komzimba, kunemithi efana ne-"Antihistamines" kanye ne-"Leukotriene modifiers".

• Uma indlela yokuphefumula ivaliwe noma ungakwazi ukuphefumula:
• Ukuhlinzwa: Uma indlela ivinjiwe yinto efana nesimila, kuzodingeka isuswe ngokuhlinzwa.
• Ukufakwa kwepayipi: Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu zokuphefumula, kufakwa ipayipi (ipayipi le-endotracheal) ngomlomo noma ekhaleni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa umshini (umoya womoya/umoya wokuphefumula) ukunikeza ukuphefumula.
• I-Tracheostomy (noma i-tracheotomy): Inqubo lapho kwenziwa khona imbobo encane ngaphambili kwentamo iye embhobheni womoya (i-trachea) ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuphefumula. Lokhu kungaba okwesikhashana noma okuhlala njalo.

• Kubantu abane-obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): Idivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi umshini we-CPAP isetshenziswa ebusuku ngesikhathi ulele. Lokhu kusebenzisa umfutho womoya ukugcina indlela yakho yokuphefumula ivulekile.

Ngingawugcina kanjani umoya wami uphilile?

Bathi, “Ukuvimbela kungcono kunokwelapha.” Ngakho-ke, kunezinto eziningana esingazenza ukuze sigcine umgudu wethu wokuphefumula uphilile.

• Gwema ukubhema nokubhema i-vaping: Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Amakhemikhali akugwayi nasemikhiqizweni yokubhema i-vaping angabangela umonakalo omkhulu emigudwini yomoya nasemaphashini. Uma usuvele unezinkinga zokuphefumula, ukubhema kungenza zibe zimbi kakhulu.
• Gwema umusi namagesi ayingozi: Gwema ukuphefumula izinto ezifana nentuthu ephuma komunye umuntu, umusi wamakhemikhali, umusi ophuma emotweni, kanye ne-radon (igesi ekhipha imisebe ebangela umdlavuza). Uma umsebenzi wakho noma into oyithandayo ikubeka othulini noma emisipheni, qiniseka ukuthi ugqoka imaski.
• Phuza amanzi amaningi: Ukuphuza amanzi anele usuku lonke kusiza ekunciphiseni ulwelwesi olusemgudwini wokuphefumula futhi kusize ukuthi luphume kalula emzimbeni.
• Zivikele ezifweni: Geza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho namanzi. Mboza umlomo nekhala lakho ngethishu uma uthimula noma ukhwehlela. Thola noma yimiphi imijovo edingekayo njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho.
• Ukuzivocavoca Kokuhlanza Umoya: Abanye abantu, ikakhulukazi labo abanezimo ezifana ne-COPD noma i-Bronchiectasis, banenkinga yokuhlanza ulwelwesi. Kunezindlela ezikhethekile zabo, njengokukhwehlela okuhudayo kanye nokwelashwa ngokomzimba kwesifuba. Buza udokotela wakho ngalokhu.

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

Cishe usuyaqonda manje ukuthi imigudu yethu yokuphefumula, noma izindlela zokuphefumula, akuzona nje izimbobo ezincane. Yeka inkonzo eziyenzela imizimba yethu! Ngaphandle kokuqaphela, zivikela imizimba yethu emagciwaneni, zisisiza sikhulume, futhi zisisiza sinuke izimbali ezinhle.

Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu kithi sonke ukunakekela uhlelo olubaluleke kangaka. Izinto ezinhle kakhulu esingazenza ukugwema ngokuphelele ukubhema, ukugwema ukuphefumula intuthu eyingozi, ukuphuza amanzi amaningi, nokuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuzivikela ezifweni . Nakekela impilo yakho yokuphefumula!

Umgudu wokuphefumula, Izindiza, ukuphefumula, amaphaphu, amafinyila, isifuba, izifo zokuphefumula