Ingabe nawe unenkinga yokuyeka utshwala ngokuzumayo? (Isifo Sokuyeka Utshwala)

Uyazi, abanye abantu asebephuze kakhulu isikhathi eside bese beyeka ukuphuza noma banciphise ukuphuza kwabo, babhekene nesikhathi esinzima kakhulu. Lokhu kungakhululeki, kokubili ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, yilokho esizokhuluma ngakho namuhla, noma lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i- Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome". Lokhu kungazwakala kubi kakhulu, kodwa uma ukwazi, kulula ukuthola usizo.

Iyini ngempela i-Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome?

Kalula nje, lokhu kuyindlela umzimba osabela ngayo lapho uyeka ngokuzumayo ukuphuza utshwala noma wehlisa kakhulu ukudla kwakho ngemva kokulutheka kotshwala isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuvame ukubonakala kubantu abanenkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala (AUD).

Lesi simo singahluka kusukela kwesincane kuya kwesibi kakhulu kwabanye abantu. Uhlobo olubi kakhulu lubizwa ngokuthi `(Delirium Tremens)`. Kuyingozi kancane, futhi sizoxoxa ngalokho kamuva.

Cabanga nje, umzimba wakho usujwayele utshwala. Uma bunyamalala ngokuzumayo, kufana nomzimba wethuka, uthi, "O, kwenzekani kimi?"

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kunalokho ongakucabanga. Cishe abantu abangu-50% abanenkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala (`AUD`) babhekana nalolu hlobo lobunzima lapho beyeka noma benciphisa ukuphuza kwabo utshwala. Ngisho nasezweni elifana ne-United States, i-`AUD`` iyinkinga evamile kakhulu.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuqala zingakapheli amahora ayi-6 kuya kwangama-24 kusukela ekuphuzeni kwakho kokugcina. Izimpawu zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu, futhi zingahluka kuye ngokuthi isimo sibucayi kangakanani. Ake sibheke ezinye zezimpawu ezivame kakhulu, kusukela kwezingakabi zimbi kakhulu kuya kwezingakabi zimbi kakhulu:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu: Akuyona nje ikhanda elibuhlungu elivamile, kodwa linzima kakhulu.
• Ukucasuka, ukungahlaliseki, noma ukucasuka: Ukuzizwa uthukuthele ngaphandle kwesizathu, uzizwa ukhathazekile.
• Ukungalali: Awukwazi ukulala ngisho noma uzama ukulala, futhi kufanele ujike uphenduke.
• Ukujuluka ngokweqile: Okungaphezu nje kokujuluka ngenxa yokushisa.
• Isisu esibuhlungu: Ungase uzizwe sengathi uzohlanza noma isisu sakho singase sizizwe sengathi siyaphenduka.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo: Umuzwa onjengoba isifuba sakho sishaya ngamandla.
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
• Isilinganiso sokushaya kwenhliziyo esikhulayo.
• Ukushisa komzimba okwenyukayo (i-Hyperthermia).
• Ukuthuthumela kwezandla noma ezinye izingxenye zomzimba: Lokhu kufana nesimo abantu abaningi abasazi ngokuthi "ukuthuthumela".
• Ukudideka:Kunzima ukwazi ukuthi kwenzekani noma ukuthi ukuphi.
• Ukubona noma ukuzwa izinto ezingekho (`Imibono Engaqondakali`): Ukubona izinto noma ukuzwa imisindo engekho. Cabanga ukuthi lokho kungaba yinto eyesabekayo kangakanani.
• Ukuquleka.
• Ukuhlanya: Lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esikhulu sesimo esishiwo ngaphambilini, i-Delirium Tremens. Sibi kakhulu.

Okubalulekile: Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi ezibucayi (njengokudideka, ukuquleka, ukubona izinto ezingekho), iya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha noma ushayele u-911. Lokhu akuyona into okufanele uyithathe kalula.

Zibonakala kanjani lezi zimpawu? Ingabe ziyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?

Ubunzima kanye nobude balezi zimpawu kuyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu, kodwa umugqa wesikhathi ojwayelekile umi kanje:

• Phakathi kwamahora ayi-6 kuya kwayi-12 ngemva kokuphuza okokugcina: Izimpawu ezincane ezifana nobuhlungu bekhanda, ukukhathazeka okuncane, kanye nokungalali ziqala ukubonakala.
• Kungakapheli amahora angama-24 uphuze okokugcina: Uma isimo sibi kakhulu, ungase ube nokubona izinto ezingekho .
• Phakathi kwamahora angu-24 kuya kwangu-72 ngemva kokuphuza okokugcina: Kwabaningi, ikakhulukazi labo abanezimpawu ezincane kuya kweziphakathi, izimpawu ziyaphakama (okungukuthi, zifinyelela esicongweni sazo) bese ziqala ukuncipha. Kodwa-ke, uma unezimpawu ezinzima noma eziyinkimbinkimbi, usengozini enkulu yokuzizwa ukhathele phakathi kwamahora angu-24 kuya kwangu-48 ngemva kokuphuza kwakho kokugcina . I-"Delirium Tremens" eyesabekayo ingenzeka phakathi kwamahora angu-48 kuya kwangu-72 ngemva kokuphuza kwakho kokugcina.

Kwabanye abantu, lezi zimpawu (isib. ukuqwasha, ukushintshashintsha kwemizwelo) zingahlala amasonto, ngisho nezinyanga. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthola ikhambi ngokushesha.

Lezi zinkinga zingahlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Izimpawu zivame ukuba zimbi kakhulu emahoreni angu-24 kuya kwangu-72 ngemva kokuphuza okokugcina. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ezinye izimpawu zingahlala amasonto.

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Iyini imbangela?

Lokhu kuyiqiniso elingokwesayensi kancane, kodwa ake ngikubeke kalula. Lesi simo senzeka uma uphuza utshwala ngokweqile isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili bese uyeka ngokuzumayo noma wehlisa inani. (Kunencazelo yokuthi yini ebangela ukuphuza kakhulu, kodwa ingahluka kancane kumuntu nomuntu.)

Utshwala (`i-Ethanol`) luyisidambisi-ndlela (sinciphisa ijubane) lomsebenzi we -`Central Nervous System` yethu (CNS) – okungukuthi, ubuchopho nomgogodla. Uma uqhubeka nokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile, i-`(CNS)` yakho iyajwayela lokhu kwehla kwejubane. Ngakho-ke, i-`(CNS)` kufanele isebenze kanzima ukulwa nemiphumela yotshwala ukuze igcine eminye imisebenzi yomzimba iqhubeka.

Manje cabanga ngalokho okwenzekayo uma uyeka ukuphuza utshwala ngokuzumayo. Lapho utshwala obukwehlisa ijubane sebuphelile, i-CNS ayikwazi ukujwayela. Buba nomsindo kakhulu , ngoba abukho utshwala obubulawulayo noma obunciphisa ijubane. Lokho msindo omkhulu yikona okubangela izimpawu zokuhoxa. Kufana nesiphethu esibanjwe saqina bese sigxuma ngokuzumayo.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi simo?

Kunzima ukusho ngqo ukuthi ubani ozothola lokhu, ubani ongeke akuthole, futhi uma bekuthola, kuzoba nzima kangakanani.

Akuwona wonke umuntu ofanayo. Kunezinye izici eziningana ezithinta lokhu:

• I-chemistry yomzimba wakho.
• iminyaka yakho.
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unezinye izifo zomzimba noma zengqondo.
• Eminye imithi oyithathayo.
• Ukuthi usebenzisa ezinye izidakamizwa kanye notshwala.

Kodwa-ke, izifundo zithole ukuthi kunezici eziningana ezandisa ingozi yokuba nezimpawu ezimbi zokuhoxa otshwaleni . Lezi zifaka:

• Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile nsuku zonke.
• Ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 ubudala.
• Ukuba nomlando we-`(Delirium Tremens)` yangaphambilini noma isifo sokuwa esibangelwa ukuyeka utshwala.
• Ukuba nezinye izifo ezingamahlalakhona.
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
• Ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte.
• Ezinye izilonda zobuchopho.
• Ukusebenza kwesibindi okungavamile.

Udokotela ukubona kanjani lokhu?

Odokotela baxilonga lesi simo (i-Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome) ngokusekelwe kulokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba.
• Izimpawu zakho.
• Umlando wakho wokusebenzisa utshwala.
• Umlando wakho wonke wezokwelapha.

Okubalulekile: Kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho iqiniso ngokusebenzisa kwakho utshwala - kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izidakamizwa ozisebenzisayo - ukuze akunike ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu. Ukuqamba amanga kungenza inkinga ibe yimbi kakhulu.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi acele ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye ne -electrocardiogram (EKG) ukuhlola impilo yakho iyonke. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukusebenzisa utshwala kungabangela ezinye izinkinga zempilo. Isibonelo:

• Ukuntuleka kwamanzi emzimbeni kanye nokungalingani kosawoti.
• Ukulimala komzimba.
• Izifo.
• Izinkinga zesibindi.
• Isifo senhliziyo.
• Ukopha kwamathumbu (GI).

Iyini indlela yokwelapha lokhu?

Kunemigomo emithathu eyinhloko yokwelapha izimpawu zokuhoxa kotshwala:

1.Ukunciphisa izimpawu zokuhoxa.

2. Ukugwema izinkinga ezifana nokuquleka.

3. Ukudluliselwa kokwelashwa kwesikhathi eside ngenxa yenkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala (`AUD`).

Indlela yokwelapha incike ekutheni izimpawu zakho zimbi kangakanani nokuthi kungenzeka kangakanani ukuthi zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa kwezimpawu ezincane kuya kweziphakathi

Ezimweni ezinjengalezi, odokotela bavame ukunikeza imithi yesikhashana ukulawula izimpawu.

• Uma izimpawu zingezimbi kakhulu futhi kungekho bungozi bokuthi zibe zimbi kakhulu, udokotela angase anikeze imithi efana ne-"Carbamazepine" noma i-"Gabapentin" ukulawula izimpawu.
• Uma kunezimpawu ezilinganiselwe, ama-benzodiazepine (isib., i-chlordiazepoxide, i-diazepam, i-lorazepam) noma ama-barbiturates (isib., i-phenobarbital) ayisinqumo sokuqala sokuvimbela ukuxhuzula nokunciphisa ingozi yokuphambana kwengqondo. Le mithi kufanele ithathwe kuphela ngaphansi kokuqashwa ngudokotela.

Uma izimpawu ziqhubeka naphezu kokuthatha lo muthi, udokotela wakho angase:

• Imithi efana ne -beta-blockers noma i-clonidine yokucindezeleka kwegazi okuqhubekayo kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo.
• Nciphisa izifiso zotshwala nge-`(Carbamazepine)` noma `(Gabapentin)`.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kunganikezwa, njengokunikeza usawoti (i-IV fluids) wokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ukulungisa ukungalingani kukasawoti, kanye nokunikeza imithi yokuhlanza uma kwenzeka.

Ukwelashwa kwezimpawu ezinzima noma eziyinkimbinkimbi

Lesi yisimo esidinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela, ngezinye izikhathi e-Intensive Care Unit (ICU) . Ngesikhathi ukulesi simo, odokotela bazokuqapha njalo ukuze babone ukuthi uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezisongela ukuphila.

Ama-benzodiazepine asebenza isikhathi eside - avame ukunikezwa ngemithambo yegazi - ayindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha izimpawu ezinzima.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungadingeka ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngezinkinga zempilo ezihlobene.

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sokusetshenziswa kotshwala (`AUD`)

Ngesikhathi welapha izimpawu zokuhoxa, udokotela wakho angase futhi akuncome ukuthi ufune ukwelashwa kwesifo sokuphuza utshwala (`AUD`) . Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kunezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene ezitholakalayo zokwelapha i-AUD. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinhlelo zihlanganisa inhlanganisela yokwelashwa kwengqondo kweqembu kanye nemithi . Udokotela wakho angakunikeza ulwazi mayelana nalezi zinhlelo.

Kuzokwenzekani ngemva kwalesi simo? Ingabe sizoba ngcono?

Okwenzekayo ngokulandelayo (ukubikezela) kuncike kakhulu ekutheni izimpawu zimbi kangakanani.

• Iningi labantu abanezimpawu ezincane kuya kweziphakathi ngeke kudingeke ukuthi bayiswe esibhedlela.
• Kodwa-ke, uma unezimpawu ezinzima noma eziyinkimbinkimbi, kungadingeka uhlale esibhedlela isikhathi eside, mhlawumbe ngisho nasegumbini lokunakekelwa okujulile (ICU).

Ungakhohlwa: I-Delirium Tremens yisimo esisongela ukuphila . Phakathi kuka-5% no-10% wabantu abathola le nkinga bayafa. Ngakho-ke ungayithathi kalula.

Lokhu akunakuvinjelwa?

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokuvimbela lesi simo yilezi:

1. Ukuziyeka ngokuphelele utshwala.

2. Uma ucabanga ukuthi unesifo sokuphuza utshwala (`AUD`), funa usizo lochwepheshe ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma uqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha, kungcono.

Izimpawu zokuhoxa etshwaleni ziyinkinga enkulu futhi engaba yingozi yokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa utshwala. Ngisho noma unezimpawu ezincane, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha. Kunzima ukubikezela ukuthi lezi zimpawu zizoba zimbi kangakanani ekuqaleni.

Uma unenkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala futhi udinga usizo lokululama kuyo, udokotela angakudlulisela ezinsizeni nasezinhlelweni zokuvuselela ezingakusiza. Khumbula, udokotela wakho ukhona ukukusiza, hhayi ukukwahlulela.

Ngakho-ke, yini into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka siyikhumbule kule ndaba?

Kalula nje, uma wena noma umuntu omaziyo ubelokhu ephuza utshwala isikhathi eside futhi ngokuzumayo eqala ukuzwa izimpawu ezingavamile (kusukela ekhanda kuya ekuguleni) lapho uzama ukuyeka, kungaba "yi-Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome". Akuyona into okufanele ube namahloni ngayo noma uyifihle.

Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Yiya esibhedlela ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi uma izimpawu zakho zinkulu (njengokudideka, ukuquleka, ukubona izinto ezingekho). Ngokwelashwa okufanele, lesi simo singalawulwa. Kuwukuhlakanipha futhi ukuthola usizo lokunqoba umlutha wakho wotshwala. Awuwedwa, futhi baningi abantu abangakusiza.

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