Ingabe nawe uthimula njalo? Ingabe ikhala lakho liyavaleka? Ake sifunde nge-allergy rhinitis!

Ingabe uthola nekhala eligobhozayo uma uvuka ekuseni? Ingabe ikhala lakho lizizwa likhungathekile futhi liluma? Ingabe amehlo akho, umlomo, nomphimbo wakho kuyaluma njalo? Uma kunjalo, ungase ube nalokho esikhuluma ngakho : I-Allergic Rhinitis , noma njengoba abanye bekubiza kanjalo , i-Hay Fever . Naphezu "komkhuhlane" egameni, abantu abaningi abawutholi umkhuhlane. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe, kalula.

Kuyini i-Allergic Rhinitis?

Kalula nje, i-allergy rhinitis iwukusabela komzimba wethu kokungezwani nezinto ezisizungezile ezincane kakhulu ukuba sizibone (ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-allergen) . Lapho lezi zinto zokungezwani komzimba zingena emizimbeni yethu ngekhala noma ngomlomo, umzimba wethu ucabanga ukuthi kukhona okuyingozi okungene. Bese umzimba ukhipha ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-histamine . Yilokhu okubangela izimpawu ezifana nokuthimula, ikhala eligobhozayo, kanye namehlo alumayo.

Akuthelelani njengomkhuhlane ovamile. Futhi, akusikho konke ukuminyana kwamakhala okuyi-allergy rhinitis. Abanye abantu bangase babe nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-non-allergy rhinitis , esinezimpawu ezifanayo, kodwa esingabangelwa yi-allergens.

Yiziphi izinto ezibangela lokhu?

Kunezici eziningana ezingaba nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-rhinitis ye-allergy. Lezi zingaba ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Nazi ezinye zezici eziyinhloko:

• Impova evela ezihlahleni, otshanini, kanye nokhula: Lokhu kuntanta emoyeni, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali.
• Izinhlamvu zesikhunta: Lezi zikhula ezindaweni ezimanzi, njengasezindlini zangasese, emakhishini, ngisho naphakathi kwezinqwaba zamaqabunga.
• I-dander yezilwane ezifuywayo: Lezi zivame emakhaya anezilwane ezifana namakati nezinja.
• Izibungu zothuli: Lezi zidalwa ezincane, ezingabonakali ngeso lenyama, zihlala ematilasini ethu, emicamelweni, embhedeni, kusofa nasemakhethinini.
• Amathe kanye nendle yamaphela: Abanye abantu bangaba ne-allergy kulokhu.

Cabanga nje, uma uya engadini ekuseni, uqala ukuthimula njalo, noma uma ubeka izincwadi ezindala eceleni, ikhala lakho liyavaleka. Mhlawumbe into efana nalena yimbangela.

Yiziphi izinkathi zonyaka ezithinteka kakhulu yilokhu kungezwani komzimba?

I-rhinitis ye-allergy ingenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bathinteka kakhulu yiyo ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka.

• Ukungezwani komzimba nezinkathi zonyaka: Lokhu kuvame ukuvame kakhulu ngezikhathi zasentwasahlobo, zasehlobo, kanye nasekwindla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izihlahla nezimbali ziyaqhakaza ngalezi zikhathi, futhi amazinga empova aphezulu endaweni ezungezile. Kodwa-ke, lezi zikhathi zempova zingahluka kuye ngokuthi uhlalaphi.
• Ukungezwani komzimba okungapheli:Lokhu kungaba khona unyaka wonke. Ngokuvamile, kubangelwa izinto ezingaphakathi endlini. Isibonelo, izibungu zothuli, i-dander yezilwane ezifuywayo, njll. Lokhu kunganda ebusika ngoba amafasitela avaliwe.

Kuvamile kangakanani ngempela lesi simo?

Yebo, lesi yisimo esivame kakhulu kunalokho ongakucabanga. Izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke zihlushwa yi-allergy rhinitis. Ngokwezinye izifundo, cishe ama-20% abantu banalesi simo. Lokho kusho ukuthi kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi othile emndenini wakho noma kumngane wakho unaso.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-rhinitis ye-allergy?

Lezi zimpawu zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ubukhali bezimpawu bungahluka. Bheka ukuthi unazo okungenani ezimbalwa zalezi:

• Ukuminyana kwamakhala, ukuthimula, kanye nekhala eligobhozayo.
• Impumulo, umphimbo, namehlo alumayo.
• Ukubomvu noma ukumanzisa amehlo.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu , ukucindezeleka kwama-sinus, kanye nezindilinga ezimnyama ezizungeze amehlo.
• Ukuqongelela kwamafinyila ekhaleni nasemphinjeni.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele.
• Umphimbo obuhlungu ngenxa yokungena kwe-mucus emphinjeni (i-postnasal drip).
• Abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela, kanye nokuphefumula kanzima .

Ngisho noma unesinye noma ezimbili zalezi zimpawu, uma ziqhubeka, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubona udokotela.

Ingabe lokhu kuyi-allergy? Ingabe umkhuhlane? Wazi kanjani ukuthi uqinisekile?

Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. Ngoba izimpawu ze-allergy rhinitis zifana kakhulu nezomkhuhlane ovamile. Kodwa-ke, kunezimo ezihlukile kancane.

Amehlo abomvu, abomvu, anamanzi avame ukuba ne-allergies . Kodwa-ke, lezi zimpawu azibi kakhulu uma umkhuhlane. Ubuhlungu bomzimba kanye nomkhuhlane kungenzeka kakhulu uma umkhuhlane.

Enye into ukuthi i-rhinitis ye-allergy ivame ukubangelwa imbangela ethile (i-trigger) . Isibonelo, lapho isimo sezulu sishintsha, njengokuletha isilwane esisha endlini. I-allergy ingafika cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo minyaka yonke (isb., entwasahlobo) futhi ingaqala ngokushesha kakhulu.

Kodwa, umkhuhlane ubangelwa yigciwane. Usakazeka usuka komunye umuntu uye komunye. Ngakho-ke, uma uke waba nomkhuhlane, ungathola umkhuhlane. Umkhuhlane uvame ukuphela cishe ngesonto. Kodwa, uma kuwukungezwani komzimba, ungaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho i- allergen isusiwe endaweni ezungezile.

Kungani sithola i-rhinitis yokungezwani komzimba? Kwenzekani emzimbeni?

I-Rhinitis ye-allergy ibangelwa, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, amasosha omzimba ethu asabela ezintweni ezincane (i-allergens) endaweni esikuyo ezincane kakhulu ukuba zingabonwa ngamehlo enyama.Ngenxa yokusabela okukhulu kwesistimu yomzimba yokuzivikela.

Lezi zinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba empeleni azinangozi kubantu abaningi. Kodwa-ke, uma une-rhinitis ye-allergy, isimiso sakho somzimba sicabanga ukuthi i-allergen iyisihlaseli esingena emzimbeni wakho. Ngakho-ke, ukuze sivikele umzimba wakho, isimiso somzimba sikhipha amakhemikhali afana ne -histamine egazini lakho. Le histamine ibangela ukuthi ulwelwesi lwamafinyila ekhaleni lakho, emehlweni, nasemphinjeni luvuvuke futhi lulume. Lena yindlela umzimba wakho ozama ngayo ukususa i-allergen.

Sesixoxe kakade ngezinhlobo eziyinhloko zezinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba:

• Izibungu zothuli zihlala emakhaphethini, emakhethini, embhedeni, kanye nasefenisha.
• Impova evela ezihlahleni, otshanini, kanye nokhula.
• I-dander yezilwane ezifuywayo.
• Izinhlamvu zesikhunta.
• Amathe kanye nokungcola kwe-cockroach .

Okunye ukungezwani nokudla kungabangela nokuvuvukala kwekhala nomphimbo. Kodwa-ke, ukungezwani nokudla ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yingozi empilweni. Ngakho-ke, uma usola ukuthi ubhekene nezimpawu zokungezwani nokudla okuqhubekayo ngenxa yokudla okuthile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa lokhu?

Ukungezwani komzimba kungazuzwa njengefa . Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma abazali bakho noma ilungu lomndeni eliseduze linokungezwani komzimba, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube ne-rhinitis yokungezwani komzimba.

Futhi, abantu abane -asthma noma i-eczema (isifo sesikhumba esifana ne-eczema) banamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi simo.

Udokotela uhlonza kanjani lokhu?

Uma uya kudokotela, bazokuhlola kuqala bese bebuza ngezimpawu zakho. Bazohlola nezinye izimo, njengomkhuhlane kanye ne-asthma. Bangase benze nokuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba .

• Ukuhlolwa kokungezwani kwegazi: Lokhu kulinganisa inani lama-antibodies kusampula yegazi lakho akhiqizwe ngokumelene ne-allergen ethile. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-Immunoglobulin E (IgE) . Kungathola izinhlobo eziningi zokungezwani komzimba, ngisho nokungezwani kokudla.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba okubangela ukungezwani komzimba kanye/noma ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi kwesikhumba: Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ukuthola ukuthi iyiphi i-allergen oyizwayo. Ekuhlolweni kwesikhumba okubangela ukungezwani komzimba , udokotela wakho ubeka inani elincane lezinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba esikhumbeni sakho (ngokuvamile ngemuva kwengalo noma isandla sakho) bese esihlaba ngenaliti encane. Uma ungezwani komzimba nento ebangela ukungezwani komzimba, indawo izoba bomvu, ilume, futhi ivuvuke phakathi nemizuzu eyi-15 kuya kwengama-30. Ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi kwesikhumbaLona ufana, kodwa i-allergen ifakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba.

Uma usuthole ukuthi yikuphi ukungezwani komzimba okukukhathazayo ngalezi zivivinyo, kulula ukukugwema nokuthola ukwelashwa okufanele.

Iphathwa kanjani i-rhinitis ye-allergy?

Ngenhlanhla, kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi engasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu ze-allergy rhinitis. Lezi ziza ngesimo samaphilisi, uketshezi, amaconsi amehlo, izifutho zamakhala, kanye nemijovo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yimuphi umuthi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma ukhulelwe noma unezinye izinkinga zempilo.

Nazi ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko:

Ama-antihistamine

Lezi zingathengwa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela (i-OTC) ngomuthi kadokotela noma ngaphandle kwawo. Le mithi isebenza ngokuvimba ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-histamine ekhishwa umzimba ngesikhathi sokusabela kokungezwani komzimba. Iza ngesimo samaphilisi, uketshezi, amaconsi amehlo, izifutho zamakhala, kanye nezifutho. Izibonelo:

• I-Loratadine (isib. i-Claritin®)
• I-Cetirizine (isib. i-Zyrtec®)
• I-Fexofenadine (isib. i-Allegra®)
• I-Levocetirizine (isib. i-Xyzal®)

Amanye ama-antihistamine angabangela ukozela. Ngakho-ke, gwema ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi uthatha le mithi, ikakhulukazi uma ushayela.

Imithi enciphisa ukuminyana kwamakhala (Ama-Decongestant)

Le mithi inciphisa ukuminyana ekhaleni nasema-sinuses. Ingathathwa ngomlomo njengamaphilisi, uketshezi, noma izifutho zamakhala. Izibonelo:

• Isifutho sekhala se-Afrin®
• Isifutho samakhala se-Phenylephrine (isib. i-Neo-Synephrine®)
• I-Pseudoephedrine (isib. i-Sudafed®)

Lokhu kungabangela izinto ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukuqwasha, kanye nokungahlaliseki. Ukusebenzisa izifutho zokuqeda ukuminyana ekhaleni izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezinhlanu nakho kungaholela ekubeni umlutha.

Izifutho zekhala ze-corticosteroid

Lezi zifutho kanye nezifutho zinciphisa ukuvuvukala ekhaleni futhi zinciphise izimpawu zomkhuhlane we-hay. Izifutho ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekhaleni zifaka phakathi i-Flonase®, i-Nasacort®, kanye ne-Rhinocort®. Lokhu kungabangela imiphumela emibi efana nobuhlungu bekhanda, ukuvuvukala ngaphakathi ekhaleni, ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni, kanye nokukhwehlela.

Izithibi ze-Leukotriene

Ngesikhathi sokusabela kokungezwani komzimba, umzimba wethu ukhipha amakhemikhali abizwa ngokuthi i-histamine kanye ne-leukotrienes. Lokhu futhi kubangela izimpawu zokuvuvukala kanye nomkhuhlane we-hay. Le mithi iza ngesimo samaphilisi futhi ingathathwa kuphela ngomuthi kadokotela. Isebenza ngokuvimbela lawa ma-leukotrienes. Esetshenziswa kakhulu yi-Montelukast (isb. i-Singulair®). Abanye abantu bangase babe nokushintshashintsha kwemizwelo, amaphupho angajwayelekile, ukunyakaza kwemisipha okungahleliwe, kanye nokuqubuka kwesikhumba lapho bethatha le mithi.

Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy

Lokhu kwelashwa kufundisa umzimba wakho ukubekezelela izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba. Udokotela wakho ukunika uchungechunge lwemijovo (ebizwa ngokuthi i-subcutaneous immunotherapy, noma imijovo yokungezwani komzimba) yenani elincane kakhulu le-allergen. Ngomjovo ngamunye, udokotela wakho kancane kancane wandisa inani le-allergen. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amasosha omzimba wakho ayajwayelana ne-allergen futhi ayeki ukusabela kuyo.

Kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile, udokotela wakho angase futhi ancome ukwelashwa nge-oral immunotherapy, okufika njengephilisi olifaka ngaphansi kolimi lwakho. Lokhu kwelashwa okwamanje kutholakala kuphela kubantu abanezinkinga zokungezwani komzimba ezihlahleni, otshanini, kanye nezibungu zothuli (e-United States).

Lokhu kungezwani komzimba kuvame ukuhlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Kuyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Iningi labantu lithola impumuzo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva kokuthatha imithi. Kodwa-ke, kuzodingeka uqhubeke uthatha imithi kuze kube yilapho i-allergen isiphelile. Abanye abantu bangase babe nalezi zimpawu amasonto noma ngisho nezinyanga, ikakhulukazi uma bengayithathi imithi noma uma bengakwazi ukuthola imithi yokusiza ukunciphisa izimpawu zabo.

Yini ongayilindela uma uphila nalesi simo?

I-rhinitis ye-allergy ingaba yinto engakhululekile. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile ayibangeli izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo. Abantu abaningi baphatha lezi zimpawu ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila kanye nemithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela.

Kodwa-ke, abantu abane-allergies kulezi zinto eziphuma emoyeni basengozini enkulu yokutheleleka ezindlebeni kanye nokutheleleka kwama-sinus . Futhi, uma lokhu kukwenza ungalali kahle ebusuku, ungase uzizwe ukhathele emini. Uma une-asthma, i-hay fever ingenza izimpawu zakho ze-asthma zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Yini esingayenza ukuze sivimbele i-rhinitis ye-allergy?

Ayikho indlela yokuvimbela ngokuphelele lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki. Kodwa-ke, ngezinguquko ezimbalwa zendlela yokuphila, kulula ukuphila nalokhu kungezwani komzimba. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukugwema izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba ngangokunokwenzeka. Zama lezi zinto ukuze unciphise izimpawu:

• Nciphisa ukuthinta ubuso bakho, amehlo, kanye nekhala ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Gcina amafasitela endlu yakho nawemoto evaliwe ngezikhathi zamazinga aphezulu empova (intwasahlobo, ihlobo, kanye nokuqala kwekwindla).
• Ukuze uvikeleke ezibungwini zothuli, faka izembozo emicamelweni, omatilasi, kanye namalaphu okulala.
• Vimbela izilwane ezifuywayo ukuthi zingangeni kusofa nasemibhedeni. Gcina iminyango ivaliwe emakamelweni ongafuni ukuthi zibe kuwo.
• Sebenzisa izihlungi ku-vacuum cleaner yakho kanye ne-air conditioner ukuze unciphise inani lezinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba emoyeni.
• Geza izandla zakho njalo, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokudlala nezilwane.
• Gqoka isigqoko nezibuko zelanga ukuze uvikele amehlo akho empoveni uma uphuma ngaphandle. Shintsha izingubo zakho uma ufika ekhaya.

Ingabe udinga ukubona udokotela?

Nakuba i-rhinitis ye-allergy ngokuvamile ingabangeli izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubonana nodokotela ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi akuyona enye inkinga, njenge-asthma noma ukutheleleka kwe-sinus. Ikakhulukazi, kufanele ubonane nodokotela uma:

• Uma izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba ziphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.
• Uma unenkinga yokulala kahle ebusuku.
• Uma izimpawu zingapheli naphezu kokuthatha imithi yokungezwani komzimba.

Udokotela angakusiza ukuthola ukuthi yikuphi ukungezwani komzimba okubangela ukungezwani komzimba futhi akuncomele ukwelashwa okungakunikeza impumuzo.

Ngamafuphi (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Allergic Rhinitis singaba yinto ecasulayo kancane. Kodwa, akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho. Uma siphathwa kahle, akuyona inkinga ukuphila impilo evamile nejabulisayo ngaso. Izigidi zabantu zisingatha lesi simo ngemithi kanye nokushintsha indlela yokuphila. Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, khuluma nodokotela bese uthola ukwelashwa kanye neseluleko esikufanele kakhulu. Khona-ke nawe ungaphefumula kalula futhi uphile kahle!

I- rhinitis ye-allergic, umkhuhlane we-hay, ukungezwani komzimba, ukuthimula, ukuminyana kwamakhala, impova, izibungu zothuli