Siyazi ukuthi isifiso esikhulu kini nonke, njengomama, ukubeletha umntwana onempilo nophelele. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, kungavela izinkinga esingakaze sizicabange. I-Anencephaly yindaba ebucayi kakhulu ukuzwa ngayo. Lesi yisici sokuzalwa esenzeka lapho ubuchopho bomntwana kanye nogebhezi kungakhuli kahle. Ubuhlungu kanye nokushaqeka okuzwayo lapho ufunda ngento efana nalena kungaphezu kwamagama. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uqonde lesi simo ngendlela efanele futhi kalula. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Anencephaly.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Anencephaly?
I-Anencephaly yisifo sokuzalwa esenzeka lapho kuzalwa. Kulesi simo, ezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile zobuchopho bomntwana kanye nogebhezi lwekhanda azikhuli. Lesi yisimo esibi esithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa lomntwana.
Cabanga nje, ngenyanga yokuqala yokukhulelwa, ubuchopho bomntwana, ugebhezi, umgogodla, kanye nomgogodla kuqala ukwakheka. Lokhu kwakheka ngesakhiwo esikhethekile esibizwa ngokuthi 'ithubhu yemizwa'. Le thubhu idinga ukuvala, njenge-zipper. Uma kwenzeka i-anencephaly, ingxenye engenhla yale thubhu yemizwa, okuyilapho ubuchopho nogebhezi kwakheka khona, ayivali kahle. Yingakho ibizwa nangokuthi i-neural tube defect .
Ubuchopho bulawula konke ekuphileni kwethu, busigcina siphila. Ngakho-ke kunzima ngengane ukusinda ngaphandle kwezingxenye eziyinhloko zobuchopho. Ngakho-ke, izingane ezizalwa zine-anencephaly ngokuvamile zingaphila imizuzu embalwa, amahora noma izinsuku ezimbalwa. Esikhathini esiningi, ukukhulelwa okunjalo kugcina ngokuphuphuma kwesisu noma ukuzalwa kwengane ifile.
Siyazi ukuthi lokhu kunzima kakhulu kuwe ukukwazi. Kodwa lokhu akulona iphutha lakho. Lokhu kuyinkinga eyenzeka emavikini okuqala okukhulelwa, lapho ungase ungazi nokuthi ukhulelwe.
Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-anencephaly?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-anencephaly. Zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zinomthelela omkhulu empilweni yengane.
| Uhlobo lwe-anencephaly | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-Meroanencephaly | Kulolu hlobo, izingxenye ze-brainstem kanye ne-midbrain zikhula kancane. Kungase kube nesikhumba kanye nekhanda elimboze ubuchopho. |
| I-Holoanencephaly | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Ubuchopho abukakhuli nhlobo. |
| I-Craniorachischisis | Lolu uhlobo olubi kakhulu. Lapha, ubuchopho, ugebhezi, kanye nomgogodla akukakhuli ngokugcwele. |
Yiziphi izimpawu ezingabona lesi simo?
Lesi simo singatholakala kusenesikhathi ngokuhlolwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Odokotela bayakunaka lokhu.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Izinga leprotheyini egazini likamama elibizwa ngokuthi i-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) liphezulu kakhulu. Lokhu ukuhlolwa okuvame ukwenziwa ku-trimester yesibili yokukhulelwa.
- Ukuskena: Inani loketshezi lwe-amniotic oluzungeze umntwana lingase libe phezulu kakhulu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-polyhydramnios . Futhi, ukuskena kwe-ultrasound kungabonisa ngokusobala ukuthi izingxenye zekhanda lomntwana kanye nobuchopho azikho.
- Ukubukeka komntwana: Lapho ezalwa, ungase uqaphele ukuthi izingxenye zogebhezi lomntwana azikho, izicubu zobuchopho ziyavezwa, futhi ikhanda lincane kunalokho obekulindelekile.
Umntwana osanda kuzalwa uzizwa kanjani?
Lokhu kuyinto ebuhlungu ngendlela engakaze icatshangwe kumama noma kubaba. Kwabantwana abazalwa benalesi simo:
- Akukho ukuqonda.
- Akukho mbono.
- Akukho ukulalelwa kwecala.
- Angizizwa ubuhlungu.
Ngezinye izikhathi, izingane ezine-brainstem ethuthukisiwe zingabonisa ukusabela okuthile lapho zithintwa. Izinto ezifana nokuphefumula, ukuhambisa izitho zazo. Uma ubona lezi zinto, ungase uthole umbono wokuthi ingane iyasizwa. Kodwa akuyona into eyenziwa ngamabomu. Kuyinto eyenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngenxa yokuthi izingxenye ezinkulu zobuchopho azikho, ingane ayizwa noma ayiqondi lutho.
Yiziphi izimbangela kanye nezici eziyingozi ze-anencephaly?
Akunakwenzeka ukusho ngqo ukuthi yini ebangela i-anencephaly, kodwa kuye kwatholakala izici eziningana eziyingozi ezingaba nomthelela kuyo.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi lesi simo asivamile ukutholwa njengefa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi singavela ngokungahleliwe, noma ngabe akekho emndenini oke waba naso. Kodwa-ke, uma uke waba nengane yangaphambilini ene-neural tube defect (njenge-spina bifida), ingozi yokuthi ingane yakho elandelayo ibe nalesi simo iphakeme kancane. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.
| Isici sengozi | Incazelo nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze |
|---|---|
| Ukuntuleka kwe-Folic Acid | Lesi yisici esiyinhloko nesivinjelwa kakhulu sengozi. I-Folic acid uhlobo lwe-vitamin B9. Kubalulekile ukuthola i-folic acid eyanele kusukela ngesikhathi uzama ukukhulelwa kanye nezinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Thatha umthamo onconywayo (ngokuvamile u-400 mcg) nsuku zonke njengoba kunconywa udokotela wakho. |
| Isifo sikashukela | Uma umama enesifo sikashukela esingalawuleki, lokho nakho kuyingozi. Kubalulekile ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. |
| Eminye imithi | Imithi yokwelapha ukuxhuzula, i-migraines, kanye nezinye izifo zengqondo (njenge-valproic acid) ingandisa le ngozi. Uma uthatha noma yimuphi umuthi, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho ngokushesha nje lapho uhlela ukukhulelwa. Ungayeki ukuthatha noma yimuphi umuthi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho. |
| Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa | Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezifana nama-opioid ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala zokukhulelwa nakho kungabangela ukukhubazeka kwe-neural tube. |
Lesi simo sitholakala kanjani ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?
Uma uya emtholampilo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwakho, odokotela bazokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuze bathole izinkinga zokuzalwa. Lezi zivivinyo ziwusizo kakhulu ekutholeni i-anencephaly.
- Isikrini Sokumaka Okune-Quad: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okwenziwa egazini likamama. Kuhlola izinto ezifana namazinga e-AFP ukuthola umbono weziphambeko ze-neural tube kanye nezinye izimo zofuzo.
- Ukuskena nge-ultrasound: Lena yindlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu. Ukuskena okungajwayelekile, okwenziwa phakathi kwamasonto ayi-18-20, kuhlola ugebhezi lomntwana, ubuchopho, kanye nomgogodla. Uma kukhona i-anencephaly, ingabonakala ngokucacile ngalesi siskena. Ngezinye izikhathi ingatholakala ngisho nangaphambi kwesikhathi, cishe amasonto ayi-8-12.
- I-MRI Yengane Esanda Kuzalwa (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Uma ukuskena kukhombisa noma yiziphi izinkinga, udokotela wakho angase ancome i-MRI ukuze afunde ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla ngokujulile.
- I-Amniocentesis: Kulolu vivinyo, kuthathwa isampula encane kakhulu yoketshezi lwe-amniotic oluzungeze umntwana bese luhlolwa. Uma izinga le-AFP kulolo ketshezi liphakeme, kungaba uphawu lokukhubazeka kwe-neural tube.
Ingabe ikhona indlela yokwelapha lokhu?
Leli iqiniso elibuhlungu lalesi sihloko. Akukho ukwelashwa noma ikhambi le-anencephaly. Kuyisimo esingahambisani nokuphila.
Uma uthola ukuxilongwa okufana nalokhu, odokotela nabasebenzi basesibhedlela bazokunikeza wena nomndeni wakho ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo okudingayo. Bazokuchazela isimo, bakhulume ngezinketho zakho, futhi bakusize ngalesi sikhathi esinzima.
Ungase ukhathazeke ngokuthi ingane yakho izozwa ubuhlungu. Kodwa njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, izingane ezine-anencephaly azibuzwa ubuhlungu ngoba izingxenye ezibalulekile zobuchopho azikho. Ngakho ungakhathazeki ngakho.
Ingabe kukhona okungenziwa ukuvimbela lolu hlobo lwesimo?
Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukuyivimbela ngokuphelele, kunezinto ezithile ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma uhlela ukukhulelwa futhi.
- Thatha i-folic acid: Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Qala ukuthatha ama-400 mcg (ama-microgram) e-folic acid nsuku zonke okungenani izinyanga ezi-3 ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe. Njengoba ukukhubazeka kwe-neural tube kwenzeka emasontweni ambalwa okuqala okukhulelwa, kubalulekile ukuthatha i-folic acid kusukela ngesikhathi uzama ukukhulelwa. Uma uke waba nomntwana one-neural tube defect ngaphambili, udokotela wakho angase akuncome umthamo ophezulu we-folic acid.
- Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha (Ukwelulekwa Ngaphambi Kokukhulelwa):Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa, bona udokotela ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe. Khuluma ngemithi oyiphuzayo, noma yiziphi ezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo (njengesifo sikashukela), bese uthola isiqondiso osidingayo ukuze ube nokukhulelwa okunempilo.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo: Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo, gwema utshwala nokubhema. Ukunakekela impilo yakho kahle kuthinta ngqo impilo yengane yakho.
Usizi kanye nokushaqeka kokulahlekelwa ingane kanje kungaba yinto eqeda amandla. Kubalulekile ukuba nomuntu ongakhuluma naye futhi wabelane naye imizwa yakho. Khuluma nomyeni wakho, umndeni wakho, nabangani. Uma udinga usizo, ungangabazi ukufuna usizo lochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo. Ukujoyina amaqembu okusekelana nabanye abazali abaye badlula kokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo nakho kungaba umthombo omkhulu wamandla.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Anencephaly iyisifo esibi kakhulu sokuzalwa esibangelwa ubuchopho bomntwana kanye nogebhezi lwakhe olungakhuli kahle.
- Akukho ukwelashwa kwalesi simo, futhi asihambisani nokuphila kwengane.
- Lokhu akulona iphutha labazali. Kuyinkinga eyenzeka ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa.
- Ukuthatha i-folic acid ngaphambi kokukhulelwa kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yalezi ziphazamiso ze-neural tube.
- Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi uma uke waba nengane enenkinga ye-neural tube, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho futhi uthole iseluleko esidingekayo.
- Uma ukuthola kunzima ukubhekana nosizi olulandela ukulahlekelwa okunje, ungangabazi ukufuna ukwesekwa emndenini, kubangani, noma kumeluleki ochwepheshe.
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