Ake sifunde nge-Angiotensin, elawula umfutho wegazi lakho.

Wake waba nezinkinga ngomfutho wegazi lakho? Mhlawumbe udokotela uke wakhuluma ngegama elifana ne-Angiotensin lapho ekhuluma ngomfutho wegazi lakho. Iyini ngempela le angiotensin? Ibaluleke kangakanani emizimbeni yethu? Ake sixoxe ngayo namuhla.

Iyini ngempela i-Angiotensin?

Kalula nje, i-angiotensin iyi -hormone emzimbeni wethu. Ama-hormone afana nezithunywa ezigijima emizimbeni yethu. Ahamba egazini futhi atshele izitho ezahlukene, imisipha, nezicubu ukuthi zenzeni nokuthi zikwenze nini. Ngakho-ke le hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-angiotensin ilawula kakhulu umfutho wegazi lethu futhi ilawula inani lamanzi nosawoti (ikakhulukazi i-sodium) emzimbeni wethu. Lokhu ikwenza ngokunciphisa noma ukunciphisa imithambo yegazi nokusiza umzimba ukuthi umunce amanzi nosawoti.

Kunezinhlobo ezine ezahlukene ze-angiotensin. Zibizwa ngezinombolo zesiRoma: i-Angiotensin I, II, III, IV. Kulezi , i-Angiotensin II iyi-hormone eyinhloko nesebenza kakhulu. Ifana nokaputeni weqembu. Uma inani lale angiotensin emzimbeni wethu lehla noma landa, lingathinta impilo yethu. Ngakho-ke, ibhalansi yalokhu ibaluleke kakhulu.

Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela banikeza i-angiotensin II eyenziwe ngokwenziwa, enikezwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV) kubantu abadala, ukuze kubuyiselwe umfutho wegazi esimweni esijwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ezifana nokushaqeka kwe-septic, lapho umfutho wegazi wehle kakhulu.

Yini eyenziwa yi-Angiotensin II emzimbeni?

I-Angiotensin II iyi-hormone esebenza kakhulu. Ihamba ezindaweni eziningi emizimbeni yethu futhi yenza izinto eziningi. Kodwa imiphumela yayo eyinhloko ukwandisa umthamo wegazi, ukwandisa umfutho wegazi, kanye nokwandisa amazinga e-sodium (usawoti). Lokhu kwenzeka kanje:

• Izindlala zakho ze-adrenal ziyakhuthazwa ukuthi zikhiphe enye i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-aldosterone . Le aldosterone ibangela ukuthi umzimba ugcine i-sodium, kodwa i-potassium ikhishwa emchameni.
• Kwenyusa umfutho wegazi ngokucindezela izindonga zemithambo emincane (ama-arterioles). Cabanga ngakho njengokucindezela ipayipi lamanzi nokwenza amanzi ageleze ngokushesha.
• Kuthinta i-hypothalamus ebuchosheni bakho, kukwenze wome. Bese uphuza amanzi.
• Iphinde ikhulume ne-hypothalamus, ikwenze ufise usawoti.
• Indlala ye-pituitary isiza ekukhipheni i-hormone yokulwa nokukhipha amanzi emzimbeni (i-ADH), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-vasopressin . Le ADH ibangela ukuthi izinso ziphinde zimunce amanzi amaningi emzimbeni, okwandisa inani lamanzi emzimbeni.

Kalula nje, i-angiotensin II iyisidlali esibalulekile ekwandiseni umfutho wegazi kanye nokwandisa inani likasawoti namanzi emzimbeni.

La mazinga e-angiotensin alawulwa kanjani?

Lolu uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi, njengochungechunge lwezindlela ezixhumene. Lubizwa ngokuthi i-Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) . Lolu uhlelo oluyinhloko olusiza ekulawuleni umfutho wegazi lethu.

Cabanga nje, nansi indlela eqala ngayo:

1. Okokuqala, lapho umfutho wegazi wakho wehla , izinso zakho zikhipha i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-renin egazini lakho. Ama-enzyme yizinto ezisheshisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali.

2. Le renin iphula iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-angiotensinogen , eyenziwa esibindini. Bese kukhishwa ingxenye yayo, okuyi-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-angiotensin I. Kodwa le angiotensin I ayisebenzi, okusho ukuthi ayikwazi ukuba nomthelela omkhulu ngokwayo.

3. Bese kuthi, njengoba le angiotensin I ijikeleza egazini, ihlakazwa enye i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) emaphashini nasezinso. Yilapho-ke kwakheka khona i-angiotensin II esebenzayo.

Manje le angiotensin II esanda kwakheka iyaqala ukusebenza:

• Inciphisa izindonga zemithambo emincane (ama-arterioles) futhi inyuse umfutho wegazi.
• Futhi, izindlala ze-adrenal zitshelwa ukuthi zikhiphe i-aldosterone, kanti i-pituitary gland itshelwa ukuthi ikhiphe i-ADH (vasopressin).

Le aldosterone kanye ne-ADH ndawonye kuphoqa izinso ukuthi zigcine i-sodium (usawoti) emzimbeni. I-Aldosterone ibangela ukuthi i-potassium ikhishwe emchameni. Lapho amazinga e-sodium egazini ekhuphuka, umzimba nawo ugcina amanzi. Lokhu kwandisa umthamo wegazi kanye nomfutho wegazi. Yilapho uhlelo lwe-renin-angiotensin-aldosterone luqediwe. Uyawuqonda lo mjikelezo?

Uhlelo lwe-RAAS lungasetshenziswa futhi ngamanye ama-hormone, njenge -corticosteroids, i-estrogen, nama-hormone e-thyroid . Uma kunenkinga nganoma iyiphi ingxenye yalolu hlelo, ingathinta amazinga akho omfutho wegazi, i-sodium, kanye ne-potassium. Kodwa kunezinye izinto eziningi ezingathinta umfutho wegazi, njenge-cholesterol ephezulu, izakhi zofuzo, kanye nemithi ethile.

Kwenzekani uma amazinga e-angiotensin ehla?

Uma amazinga e-angiotensin II ephansi kunokuvamile (okubizwa nangokuthi ukuntuleka kwe-angiotensin ), izinkinga ezilandelayo zingavela:

• Umfutho wegazi ophansi (hypotension) .
• Amazinga e-potassium akhuphukile (i-hyperkalemia) .
• Ukwehla kwamazinga e-sodium (i-hyponatremia) .
• Ukuphuma koketshezi (amanzi) ngokweqile ngomchamo.

Yiziphi izimpawu zomfutho wegazi ophansi?

Ungase uzizwe izinto ezinjengalezi:

• Ukuzungeza, ukuba nekhanda elikhanyayo, futhi mhlawumbe nokuquleka.
• Umbono ofiphele.
• Isicanucanu.
• Umsebenzi onzima.

Izimpawu ze-potassium ephezulu (i-Hyperkalemia)

Uma amazinga e-potassium emzimbeni ekhuphuka, izinto ezilandelayo zingenzeka:

• Ubuhlungu besisu kanye nesifo sohudo.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma okusheshayo (i-arrhythmia).
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma ukungazweli ezithweni.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.

Izimpawu ze-sodium ephansi (i-Hyponatremia)

Uma amazinga e-sodium emzimbeni ehla, izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ubuhlungu noma ubuthakathaka bemisipha.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Ukudinwa, ukuntuleka kwamandla.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kanye nokudideka.
• Ukuquleka kwesifo sokuwa.

Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela.

Kwenzekani uma amazinga e-angiotensin enyuka?

Manje ake sibheke ukuthi kwenzekani uma amazinga e-angiotensin II ephakeme kunokuvamile. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, umzimba ugcina uketshezi olungadingekile (amanzi) kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophakeme). Lesi simo sivame ukubonakala kubantu abanesifo senhliziyo . Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuba ne-angiotensin eningi kakhulu nakho kunegalelo ekwandiseni inhliziyo.

Ngenhlanhla, odokotela bangakunikeza imithi yokwelapha abantu abanamazinga aphezulu e-angiotensin II. Evame kakhulu kulawa ama-ACE inhibitors (njenge-enalapril) kanye nama-angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (njenge-losartan) . Kodwa-ke, njengemithi eminingi, le mithi ingaba nemiphumela emibi. Ikakhulukazi, ingabangela amazinga aphezulu e-potassium emzimbeni (hyperkalemia). Kubalulekile ukuthatha imithi yakho njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekutshelile futhi uhlolwe njalo.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Ngakho-ke, manje usuyaqonda ukuthi le hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-angiotensin ibaluleke kangakanani ekulawuleni umfutho wegazi lethu. Kufana nokulinganisela okubucayi, okuncane kakhulu kuyinkinga, okuningi kakhulu kuyinkinga.

Kubalulekile ukugcina umfutho wegazi lakho usezingeni elifanele. Futhi, uma unenkinga yokulawula umfutho wegazi lakho ngenxa yezinguquko emazingeni akho kasawoti (i-sodium), kungumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngamazinga akho e-angiotensin. Bangenza izivivinyo ukuze babone ukuthi izimpawu zakho zibangelwa ukungalingani kwama-hormone.

Khumbula, ungalokothi uyeke noma uqale imithi ngaphandle kokubuza udokotela.Yenza konke ngokweseluleko sezokwelapha. Khona-ke ungahlala uphilile.

I- Angiotensin, umfutho wegazi, i-hormone, i-renin, i-aldosterone, izithibi ze-ACE, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, umfutho wegazi ophansi