Ingabe ingane yakho ihlala yesaba? Ake sixoxe ngokukhathazeka kobuntwana!

Mama, Baba, ingane yakho encane cishe iyesaba izinto ezincane ngezinye izikhathi, akunjalo? Lokho kuvamile. Kodwa kunezingane ezithile, futhi ukwesaba kwazo nokukhathazeka kwazo kuyanda kuze kube sezingeni lokuthi kuthinta imisebenzi yazo yansuku zonke. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi ukukhathazeka kobuntwana, noma "ukukhathazeka". Uma sikuqonda kahle lokhu, kuzoba lula ukusiza izingane zethu.

Ingabe ukwesaba nokukhathazeka kuyinto efanayo? Uyini umehluko phakathi kokwesaba okuvamile nokukhathazeka okusesigabeni sesifo?

Okokuqala, ake siqonde ukuthi ukwesaba nokukhathazeka kuyini. Ukwesaba kuyindlela esisabela ngayo engozini yangempela. Cabanga ngenja igxuma kuwe ngokuzumayo ngenkathi uhamba emgwaqweni, futhi yilapho uzizwa wesaba khona. Lokho ukwesaba. Ukukhathazeka umuzwa wokungakhululeki nokucindezeleka mayelana nengozi engaba khona noma into engaqiniseki. Ukwesaba kancane izinto ezintsha kuyinto evamile ebuntwaneni. Kubonisa ukuthi izingane zifunda ukuxazulula izinkinga zodwa. Njengabazali, singasiza izingane ziqonde lokhu kwesaba nokukhathazeka futhi zinqobe.

Kodwa-ke, ezinye izingane zibhekana nokukhathazeka okungaphezu kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile. Odokotela bathi cishe ingane eyodwa kwezinhlanu ingaba nesifo sokukhathazeka . Uma ingane inesifo sokukhathazeka, ingase igweme izinto, ithukuthele kakhulu ngezinto ezincane, ikhale, noma ibe nentukuthelo. Ngezinye izikhathi ihlala ikhathazekile ngokuthi kuzokwenzeka okuthile. Ingase futhi ibhekane nezimpawu zomzimba ezifana nobuhlungu besisu, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukuhlanza, ubunzima bokuphefumula, kanye nokungalali.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokukhathazeka ezinganeni?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana zokukhathazeka ezithinta izingane. Ake sibheke eziyinhloko:

1. Isifo Sokukhathazeka Ngokuhlukana

Lokhu kuyinto omama abaningi abajwayelene nayo. Ngokuvamile cishe ezinyangeni ezingu-8-12, izingane zesaba ukushiya unina noma umnakekeli wazo. Zesaba abantu ezingabazi. Lokhu kuyingxenye evamile yokukhula kwengane. Lokhu kuvame ukuncipha njengoba iqala ukuya esikoleni sabantwana abancane.

Kodwa-ke, `(Separation Anxiety Disorder)` yisimo esibucayi kancane. Uma ingane yakho ibonisa ukwesaba okukhulu nokukhathazeka ngokushiya unina noma uyise, ukuya esikoleni, ukuba kude nekhaya, noma ukungafuni ukulala yodwa, lesi kungaba yisimo. Uma ingane yakho ibonakala ikhathazekile kakhulu noma ikhathazekile ngalezi zinto kunezinye izingane, kuwumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nodokotela.

Cabanga nje, indodakazi kaNilu, uSenuri. Manje uneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala. Usakhala kakhulu lapho eshiya unina esangweni lesikole futhi eya ekilasini. Uphilile uma nje ehlala ezolile aze abone unina. Lapho unina ehamba, ukhala usuku lonke futhi akadli. Lokhu kungaba uphawu lwe-`(Separation Anxiety Disorder)`.

2. Ukwesaba Okuthile

Ukwesaba kuyasivikela engozini. Ngakho-ke kuyinto evamile ukuba izingane zesabe izinto ezithile. Mhlawumbe ingane yakho yesaba umbani, ama-clown, noma okunye okuqondile. Kodwa-ke, '(Ukwesaba Okuqondile)' ukwesaba into eyeqisayo kakhulu kunengozi yangempela. Isibonelo, ingane ingase ibaleke iyocasha lapho ibona inja, noma ingase ichithe izinsuku eziningi icabanga ngayo futhi iyesaba.

3. Isifo Sokukhathazeka Komphakathi

Lokhu kwenzeka lapho kunokwesaba okukhulu ukwahlulelwa noma ukwenqatshwa phambi kwabanye, emphakathini. Ingane yakho ingase ingafuni ukunikeza izinkulumo noma ukuhlanganyela emakhonsathini. Noma ingase izizwe ingakhululekile ukukhuluma nabanye esikoleni, kwezinye izindawo ezijwayelekile, noma nabantu abasha. Ezinye izingane zingase zigweme ngisho nezimo zomphakathi ngokuphelele.

4. Isifo Sokukhathazeka Esijwayelekile

Kulesi simo, ingane iba nokukhathazeka ngokweqile futhi yesabe izinto eziningi ezahlukene ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Iphinde ikhathazeke ngekusasa ngaphezu kwabanye abantwana abangontanga yayo. Ingase ibe nokukhathazeka okuningi ngento eyodwa ngesikhathi, noma lokho kukhathazeka kungase kushintshe ngezikhathi ezithile. Kodwa ihlala ikhathazekile ngokuthile.

5. Ukuhlaselwa Uvalo (Isifo Sovalo)

Izingane ezinalesi simo zithola ukwesaba okukhulu nokukhathazeka okungazelelwe, kanye nezimpawu zomzimba . Cabanga ngakho njengenhliziyo egijimayo ('Ukushaya Kwenhliziyo'), isiyezi, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula ('Ukuphelelwa Yithemba'). Lokhu "Ukuhlaselwa Yithemba" kungavela ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo. Kuthatha imizuzu embalwa kuya emahoreni ambalwa bese kuyanyamalala.

Kuvame kangakanani lokhu kukhathazeka ezinganeni?

Ukukhathazeka ebuntwaneni empeleni kuvame kakhulu kunalokho ongakucabanga. Kuthinta phakathi kuka-15% no-20% wezingane kanye nabantu abasha. Futhi, cishe oyedwa kwabathathu abasha abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-13 no-18 unokukhathazeka. Kuvame kancane phakathi kwamantombazane.

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi ingane yami ikhathazekile? Ziyini izimpawu?

Njengomzali, kungaba nzima ukwazi kahle ukuthi kwenzekani engqondweni yengane yakho, akunjalo? Ezinye izingane zizoveza ukukhathazeka kwazo ngamazwi. Zingase zisho into efana nokuthi, "Ngiyesaba ukuya esikoleni ngoba angicabangi ukuthi ngizophinde ngikubone." Kodwa ezinye izingane azazi ukuthi zingayichaza kanjani imizwa yazo. Kodwa uma izingane zikhathazekile, zikubonisa ngokuziphatha kwazo. Bheka izimpawu ezinjengalezi enganeni yakho:

• Ukhathazekile kakhulu futhi ukhala kakhulu kunabanye abantwana abangontanga yakhe.
• Bavame ukuthi, “Angizizwa kahle.” Bangase bathi izinto ezinjengokuthi, “Isisu sami sibuhlungu,” “Umzimba wami ubuhlungu,” noma “Ikhanda lami libuhlungu.”
• Nginenkinga yokulala, ngivuka emaphusheni amabi, futhi ngiyesaba ukulala ngedwa.
• Kunzima ukuhlala uzolile, ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa (isimo sokungahlaliseki).
• Uthukuthela kalula.
• Kunzima ukugxila.
• Bathi 'Angilambile', noma bahlala bethi 'ngilambile'.
• Ukuthuthumela.
• Bathi abakwazi ukuya esikoleni.
• Ukuya endlini yokugezela njalo.

Kungani izingane zibhekana nokukhathazeka okunje? Ziyini izimbangela?

Abanye abantwana bazalwa benobuntu obuzwela kancane. Banobunzima bokubhekana nezinguquko kanye nemizwa enamandla. Laba bantwana bangase babe nofuzo olubangela ukukhathazeka noma umlando womndeni wokukhathazeka . Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma abazali benokukhathazeka, kunethuba elincane lokuthi nengane izoba nakho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhathazeka kungabangelwa yizigameko zokuphila ezicindezelayo . Ezinye izingane kufanele zibhekane nokuhlangenwe nakho okuningi okucindezelayo kusukela zisencane. Isibonelo:

• Ukufa komuntu oseduze.
• Ukuthuthela ekhaya elisha noma esikoleni esisha, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka njalo.
• Ukungatholi ukudla nokuphuza okwanele.
• Ukungakwazi ukuhlala endaweni ephephile.
• Ukungakwazi ukuya esikoleni unomphela.
• Abazali bayalwa, bahlukana, futhi bahlukanisa.
• Ukuxhashazwa, ukuhlukunyezwa, kanye nokunganakwa ngabanye.

Iyini imbangela eyinhloko yokukhathazeka ezinganeni?

Kunzima ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi iyini imbangela eyinhloko yokukhathazeka ebuntwaneni. Ukwesaba kuyingxenye evamile yokukhula. Abanye abantwana bakuphatha kahle. Kodwa-ke, endabeni yezingane ezinokukhathazeka okuthinta impilo yazo yansuku zonke, kucatshangwa ukuthi izakhi zofuzo, izici zebhayoloji, kanye nomlando womndeni kudlala indima.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona uma lesi simo sokukhathazeka singelashwa?

Uma ukukhathazeka kwengane kungelashwa kahle, isengozini enkulu yokuthola ukucindezeleka kanye nezinkinga zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa esikhathini esizayo. Ingase ibe nobunzima ngomsebenzi wesikole kanye nokuya esikoleni. Isengozini enkulu yokuzibulala . Lezi izinto ezesabekayo ukuzizwa, kodwa khumbula ukuthi kunezindlela zokwelapha. Hlola ingane yakho njalo kudokotela wengane yakho. Uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho izilimaza, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Odokotela banquma kanjani ukuthi ingane inokukhathazeka?

Ukuze athole ukuthi ingane yakho inokukhathazeka yini, udokotela noma umhlengikazi uzokhuluma nawe kanye nengane yakho ndawonye. Bazokubuza ngokuziphatha kwengane yakho nokuthi wazi kanjani ukuthi ikhathazekile. Bazokubuza ngezimpawu ezibhekene nazo nokuthi zibhekana nini nazo. Ungase ucelwe ukuthi ugcwalise imibuzo (`izinhlolovo`) . Udokotela angase azame ukuthola ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezimpawu zayo kothisha bengane yakhe.

Bese, bafuna ezinye izimbangela zezimpawu zomntwana.Uma kungekho esinye isizathu, futhi ukukhathazeka kwengane kuye kwambangela ukucindezeleka futhi kwathinta impilo yakhe yansuku zonke cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha, angase atholakale enesifo sokukhathazeka.

Indlela yokwelapha ukukhathazeka ezinganeni?

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwelapha ukukhathazeka ezinganeni: Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokuqonda (i-CBT) kanye Nokwelashwa Ngemithi. Zombili lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingasebenza zodwa, kodwa zibonakala zisebenza kahle nakakhulu uma zisetshenziswa ndawonye.

Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokuqonda (`Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokuqonda` - `CBT`)

`(CBT)` iyindlela yokufundisa izingane amakhono okubhekana nezimo ukuze zibasize babhekane nokukhathazeka futhi bakulawule . Kalula nje, kuhilela ukuzijwayeza izinyathelo ezincane ukuze kuthuliswe izimpendulo zomzimba, kucatshangelwe ngendlela ehlukile, futhi kubhekane nokwesaba. Izingane zingafunda la `(amakhono okubhekana nezimo)` ngamunye (`Ukwelashwa Komuntu Ngamunye`) noma ngamaqembu (`Ukwelashwa Kwamaqembu`). Abazali bangafunda nangalezi zindlela. Khona-ke kulula ukusiza izingane ukuzijwayeza la makhono ekhaya.

Cabanga nje ukuthi uSenuri, esikhulume ngaye ekuqaleni, useqalile ukwelashwa nge-CBT. Umelaphi ufundisa uSenuri indlela yokuphefumula kakhulu lapho ezwa ukwesaba nokuthi adlale kanjani imidlalo yokumthulisa. Kancane kancane, uzijwayeza ukwandisa isikhathi asichitha ekilasini ngaphandle kukanina. Umama uphinde afundiswe lawa maqhinga okukhuthaza uSenuri ekhaya.

Imithi (izidakamizwa)

Udokotela wengane yakho angase akunike imithi evela ekilasini le-Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI), njenge:

• I-Fluoxetine (isib. i-Prozac®)
• I-Paroxetine (isb., i-Paxil®, i-Pexeva®)
• I-Sertraline (isib. i-Zoloft®)

Uma lokhu kungasebenzi noma kungasebenzi enganeni yakho, udokotela wakho angase akunike umuthi obizwa ngokuthi i-Serotonin kanye ne-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI):

• I-Duloxetine (isb. i-Cymbalta®, i-Drizalma®, i-Irenka®)

Imiphumela emibi yemithi yokukhathazeka kwengane

Uma ingane yakho ihlangabezana nanoma yimiphi yale miphumela emibi , kufanele wazise udokotela ngokushesha:

• Ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba ( isib., amaqhubu, ubunzima bokuphefumula)
• Igazi esitulweni.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile.
• Ukuquleka, isiyezi, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Umkhuhlane ophezulu.
• Ushintsho oluzumayo embonweni noma ebuhlungu bamehlo.
• Imicabango yokuzibulala noma isimo sengqondo esibi kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithi yokukhathazeka kwengane ngokuvamile ayidingi incwadi kadokotela,Kungase kube nemiphumela emibi emincane ephela emavikini ambalwa. Lokhu kungabuya uma umthamo womuthi ushintshwa. Udokotela wengane yakho uzokuchazela konke lokhu futhi aphendule noma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo. Imiphumela emibi enjalo emincane ihlanganisa:

• Izinguquko ekufiseni ukudla.
• Ubunzima bokulala noma ukozela.
• Umlomo owomile.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu.
• Ukuthuthumela.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu, isicanucanu, noma uhudo.

Ingane yami izozizwa ingcono ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokuqala ukwelashwa?

Imindeni eminingi iqala ngokwelashwa kwe-CBT kuqala. Ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kuyangezwa uma kudingeka. Ukwelashwa kwe-CBT, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenziwa yodwa (nabazali abathintekayo) noma eqenjini, kungasiza izingane zifunde ngokushesha izindlela zokunciphisa nokubhekana nokukhathazeka. Ngenxa yokuthi izingane zifunda lezi zinto ngokushesha, zingaqala ukuzizwa zingcono futhi zithole ukuzethemba ngemva kwezikhathi ezimbalwa nje. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, noma ngabe i-CBT isiza ukunciphisa izimpawu kancane, kudingeka usizo olwengeziwe ukulawula ukukhathazeka ngokugcwele. Ezimweni ezinjalo, imithi ibalulekile.

Imithi efana ne-SSRIs kanye ne-SNRIs ithatha isikhathi ukuqala ukusebenza. Futhi, akuyona yonke imithi esebenza ngokufanayo kuwo wonke umuntu. Udokotela wengane yakho uzozama umuthi owodwa isikhathi esifushane (ngokuvamile amasonto ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa) ukuze abone ukuthi uyasiza yini. Uma kungasizi, angazama omunye umuthi.

Uma ingane yami ikhathazekile, yini okufanele ngiyilindele?

Uma ingane yakho inenkinga yokukhathazeka, ingase izenzele izinto ngokungalawuleki futhi ithukuthele. Ingase inamathele kuwe futhi ikutshele ukuthi ayikwazi ukuphuma endlini. Nakuba ukwelashwa kokukhathazeka kwasebuntwaneni kuthatha isikhathi ukusebenza, izimpawu zivame ukuba ngcono. Ngokwelashwa, izingane eziningi ezinokukhathazeka zingahlanganyela emisebenzini eziyithandayo, zenze abangane, ziqedele umsebenzi wesikole, futhi zijabulele impilo.

Nokho, ngezikhathi ezithile empilweni yengane, ukukhathazeka kwayo kungase kuphinde kuphakame. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kungadingeka ukushintsha umthamo wemithi yayo noma kube nezikhathi ezengeziwe zokwelapha kuze kube yilapho izimpawu zokukhathazeka sezilawulwa kahle.

Ngingamsiza kanjani, njengomzali, ingane yami ngokukhathazeka?

Njengomzali, ungase ungakwazi njalo ukulawula izehlakalo ezicindezelayo empilweni yengane yakho. Kodwa ungasiza ekuthuthukiseni impilo yengqondo yengane yakho ngokuqinisekisa okulandelayo:

• Khuthaza ukuvivinya umzimba nsuku zonke .
• Dala indawo ephephile nesekelayo ekhaya nasesikoleni.
• Lala ngokwanele .
• Nikeza ukudla okunempilo okunempilo .

Futhi, amasu okuzindla kanye nokuzivocavoca okujulile kokuphefumula ukusiza ingane ukuthi izole.Ungafundisa futhi. Khuthaza ingane yakho ukuthi ithathe izinyathelo ezincane zokunqoba ukwesaba nokukhathazeka okuvamile. Isibonelo, ukuyicela ukuthi iye endaweni yokuxhumana nabantu uma ukude kancane, noma ukucima izibani bese uzama ukuzola imizuzu embalwa. Lokhu kwakha ukuzethemba ezinganeni futhi kuthuthukise amakhono okubhekana nezimo.

Kufanele umtshele nini udokotela ngokukhathazeka kwengane yakho?

Uma ingane yakho ibonisa izimpawu zokukhathazeka, ayipheli, noma ingenzi izinto owaziyo ukuthi ingazenza (isib. ukuya endlini yangasese yodwa, ukuphuma endlini) , kufanele nakanjani ukhulume nodokotela.

Okubaluleke kakhulu: Uma ingane yakho ibonisa izimpawu zokuzibulala, thola usizo ngokushesha! Okusho ukuthi, uma isho izinto ezinjengokuthi 'Ngizizwa sengathi ngiyafa', 'Akunasizathu sokuphila', noma uma ibonakala sengathi izama ukuzilimaza, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. ESri Lanka, ungashayela ne-1926 National Mental Health Helpline.

Ukunakekela ingane ekhathazekile kungaba nzima. Kudinga umzali/umnakekeli onesineke, oqinile ukubheka izidingo zengane kanye nokucasuka kwayo futhi aqonde ukuthi imbangela yokuziphatha ukukhathazeka. Ngezinye izikhathi kungathatha isikhathi ukuthola ukwelashwa okufanele kwengane yakho, kodwa kulungile, ungayeki.

Zinike isikhathi sokucabanga ngawe nawe. Ungase uzizwe ucindezelekile futhi ukhathazekile ungaqapheli. Njengoba nje ubona ukukhathazeka kwengane yakho, ingane yakho iyakubona ukukhathazeka kwakho, futhi kuyayithinta nayo.

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

Kulungile, ngakho-ke ngithemba ukuthi lokho esikhulume ngakho namuhla kukusizile ukukhumbula amanye amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu.

• Ukukhathazeka ebuntwaneni kuyisimo sangempela. Akuyona iphutha lengane, futhi akulona iphutha lakho.
• Kukhona umehluko phakathi kokwesaba okuvamile nesifo sokukhathazeka. Uma kuthinta impilo yansuku zonke yengane yakho, khathazeka ngakho.
• Qaphela izinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nezimpawu zokukhathazeka.
• Ngokwelashwa okufanele (i-CBT, imithi uma kudingeka), lesi simo singalawulwa kahle. Ungesabi.
• Njengomzali , uthando lwakho, ukwesekwa kwakho, kanye nokubekezela kwakho kubaluleke kakhulu enganeni yakho.
• Ungalibali ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha uma kudingeka, ikakhulukazi uma ukhathazekile ngokuthi ingane yakho ingazilimaza.
• Nakekela impilo yakho yengqondo futhi.

Uma ingane yakho inenkinga efana nale, awuwedwa. Kunezindawo zokuthola usizo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha.

Ukukhathazeka Kwengane , Ukukhathazeka, Ukwesaba Kwezingane, Impilo Yengqondo, Ukukhathazeka Ngokuhlukana, Ukukhathazeka Komphakathi, i-CBT