Wake wazibuza ukuthi igazi elimpontshwa yinhliziyo yakho lihamba kanjani lisuka ekhanda lakho liye ezinzwaneni zakho? Umthambo wegazi omkhulu kunayo yonke emzimbeni wethu, ovula indlela yalolu hambo lonke, yi-aorta, noma njengoba sisho ngesiNgisi, i-aorta. Kufana nomgwaqo omkhulu ezweni lakithi. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalo mgwaqo omkhulu.
Iyini le aorta?
Kalula nje, i-aorta iwumthambo wegazi omkhulu kunayo yonke emzimbeni wethu. Yipayipi eligoba phezulu, njengenduku yokuhamba. Liqala ekamelweni elingezansi kwesobunxele senhliziyo yakho (i-ventricle yesobunxele). Ukusuka lapho, liya phezulu kancane liye ekhanda lakho, bese ligoba phansi futhi. Leli payipi lidlula esifubeni sakho nasesiswini, bese liphela eduze kwe-pelvis yakho.
Lo mthambo omkhulu ugeleza uye emithanjeni yegazi emincane, njengemigwaqo eseceleni esuka emgwaqweni omkhulu. Kungala magatsha lapho igazi lihamba khona liye kuyo yonke imisipha, imizwa, kanye nezitho zomzimba wakho.
Kukhulu kangakanani lokhu?
Lona umthambo wegazi omkhulu kunayo yonke emzimbeni wethu. Unobude obungaphezu kwefidi elilodwa . Futhi ungamasentimitha angu-1 ububanzi endaweni yawo ebanzi kakhulu. Njengoba wehla, okungukuthi, ubheke ethangeni, uba mncane uze ube ugqinsi olucishe lube ngamasentimitha amabili.
Yenziwe ngani i-aorta?
Lesi isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Sinezingqimba ezintathu eziyinhloko zezicubu. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.
| Isendlalelo | Incazelo kanye nomsebenzi |
|---|---|
| Ingqimba engaphakathi (i-Tunica Intima) | Leli yipayipi lapho igazi lidlula khona. Liqukethe imisipha ebushelelezi, izicubu ezixhumeneyo, kanye nohlobo olukhethekile lweseli olubizwa ngamaseli e-endothelial. Lawa maseli anesibopho sokugcina umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba egazini zihamba ngepayipi kuze kube yilapho efika lapho eya khona. |
| Isendlalelo esiphakathi (i-Tunica Media) | Lolu ngqimba lwakhiwe ngamaprotheni emisipha ebushelelezi, i-elastin, kanye ne-collagen. Lokhu yikho okuvumela i-aorta ukuthi ilungise ukuhamba kwegazi layo ngokwezidingo zomzimba. Iyakhula lapho umzimba udinga igazi eliningi. Iyancipha uma udinga igazi elincane. |
| Ingqimba engaphandle (i-Tunica Adventitia) | Yilokhu okugcina i-aorta izinzile endaweni yayo. Iphinde ixhumane nezinzwa nezicubu eziseduze. |
Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-aorta nokubaluleka kwayo
Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-aorta ukuthwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo lisuka enhliziyweni liye emzimbeni wonke . Akukhona lokho kuphela, izakhamzimba nama-hormone nawo athuthwa ngalo mthambo oyinhloko. Amagatsha ahlukana ne-aorta aqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zinto zifinyelela ezithweni zangaphakathi nakwezinye izicubu zomzimba.
Cabanga nje, le aorta iwumthombo oyinhloko womoya-mpilo kanye nezakhamzimba ezibalulekile ezithweni eziningi zomzimba wethu.
Ngakho-ke, uma ukugeleza kwegazi kulo mthambo kuvimbekile ngenxa yesifo noma ingozi ethile, impilo ingaba sengozini ngemizuzu embalwa . Nazi izimo ezimbi kakhulu ezingase zenzeke ngaleso sikhathi:
- I-Aortic aneurysm
- Ukopha ngaphakathi emzimbeni (i-Hemorrhage)
- Ukusikwa kwe-aorta
- Ukwehluleka kwezinso
- Isifo sohlangothi
Isakhiwo se-aorta nezingxenye zayo
I-aorta ingahlukaniswa izingxenye eziningana. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini lezo zingxenye.
| Ingxenye | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Impande ye-aorta | Ingxenye exhumanisa nenhliziyo. Lena yingxenye ebanzi kakhulu ye-aorta. |
| I-valve ye-aorta | Leli yivalvu eyenziwe ngama-flaps amathathu. La ma-flaps ayavuleka futhi avale ukuze akhiphe igazi elinomoya-mpilo elivela enhliziyweni liye emzimbeni. |
| Ukukhuphuka kwe-aorta | Ingxenye ye-aorta egoba ibheke phezulu njengoba iphuma enhliziyweni. |
| I-Aortic arch | Ingxenye eyinika isimo esigobile, njengenduku yokuhamba. Njengebhuloho elixhumanisa izingxenye ezimbili ezikhuphukayo neziphansi. |
| I-aorta eyehlayo | Ingxenye ende, eqondile egijima isuka esifubeni (i-thoracic aorta) iye esiswini (i-abdominal aorta). |
Yimaphi amagatsha ahluma esuka ku-aorta?
Imithambo yegazi eminingi emincane ihlukana ne-aorta.
Amagatsha e-aorta ekhuphukayo
- Imithambo yenhliziyo: Lena yimithambo enikeza igazi emisipheni yenhliziyo yakho.
Amagatsha e-aorta enkulu
- Isiqu se-Brachiocephalic: Lokhu kuphinde kuhlukane kube amagatsha amabili: umthambo we-subclavian wangakwesokudla, ohlinzeka ngegazi engalweni yangakwesokudla, kanye nomthambo we-carotid wangakwesokudla, ohlinzeka ngegazi ebuchosheni, ohlangothini lwesokudla lwentamo, kanye nohlangothi lwesokudla lwekhanda.
- Umthambo we-subclavian kwesobunxele: Uhlinzeka ngegazi engalweni yesobunxele nangemuva kobuchopho.
- Umthambo we-carotid wesobunxele: Uhlinzeka ngegazi ebuchosheni kanye nasohlangothini lwesobunxele lwentamo nekhanda.
Amagatsha e-aorta ehlayo (esifubeni)
- Imithambo ye-Bronchial: Ihlinzeka ngegazi kumapayipi e-bronchial angaphakathi emaphashini.
- Imithambo ye-Esophageal: Ihlinzeka ngegazi ku-esophagus, ipayipi elixhumanisa umphimbo nengxenye engenhla yesisu.
Amagatsha e-aorta ehlayo (engxenyeni yesisu)
- Imithambo yegazi ephansi: Faka igazi ku-diaphragm yakho.
- Imithambo ye-Celiac trunk: Ihlinzeka ngegazi ezithweni zohlelo lokugaya ukudla, njengesisu, isibindi, i-spleen, kanye ne-pancreas.
- Imithambo ye-mesenteric ephezulu nephansi: Nikeza igazi emathunjini akho.
- Imithambo yezinso: Nikeza igazi ezinso zakho.
- Imithambo ye-gonadal:Inikeza igazi kuma-ovari kwabesifazane kanye nama-testicles kwabesilisa.
- Imithambo ye-Lumbar: Ihlinzeka ngegazi emathanjeni omgogodla, emgogodleni, emisipheni, nasesikhumbeni esingezansi komhlane.
- Imithambo ye-Iliac: Inikeza igazi emilenzeni.
Yiziphi izifo ezithinta i-aorta?
Izifo ezahlukahlukene, ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, kanye nezingozi kungathinta ukusebenza kwe-aorta. Ake sibheke ezinye zalezi zimo.
Isifo se-valve ye-aorta
- Ukubuyela kwe-aorta: Isimo lapho ama-valve flaps engavali kahle, okubangela ukuba igazi libuyele enhliziyweni esikhundleni sokuphuma liye emzimbeni.
- I-Aortic stenosis: I-valve ye-Aortic iba lukhuni futhi ibe mncane, ivimbele ukudlula kwegazi.
- Isifo se-aortic valve ye-Bicuspid: Nakuba ngokuvamile kufanele kube nama-cusps amathathu, kulesi simo i-valve ine-cusps ezimbili kuphela. Nakuba lesi kuyisimo sokuzalwa, izimpawu zingase zivele lapho umuntu esemdala.
Ukuvuleka kwemithambo yegazi, ukudabuka, kanye nokuqhekeka kwayo
- I-Abdominal aortic aneurysm: Indawo ebuthakathaka engxenyeni yodonga lwesisu evuvukala njengebhaluni.
- Ukuqhekeka kwe-Aorta: Ukudabuka kwengqimba engaphakathi ye-aorta, okubangela ukuba igazi livuza phakathi kwengqimba engaphakathi nephakathi.
- I-aorta ephukile: Ukudabuka odongeni lwe-aorta okwenzeka kuzo zonke izingqimba ezintathu. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu ngoba igazi elinomoya-mpilo livuza emzimbeni.
Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso
- Ukuhlangana kwe-aorta: Ukuncipha okungavamile kwe-aorta, okwenza kube nzima ngenhliziyo ukupompa igazi emzimbeni wonke.
- I-Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS): Iqembu leziphambeko zokuzalwa ezithinta uhlangothi lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo. Kulaba bantwana, i-aorta incane kakhulu ukuba isebenze.
- I-patent ductus arteriosus (PDA): Imbobo ephakathi kwe-aorta nomthambo wamaphaphu ongavaleki wodwa ngemva kokuzalwa, okuvumela igazi elinomoya-mpilo ukuthi ligeleze emaphashini.
Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha
- I-atherosclerosis ye-Aorta: Ukuqongelela kwamafutha ezindongeni zangaphakathi ze-aorta.
- I-Aortitis: Ukuvuvukala kwezindonga ze-aorta.
- Ukulimala kwe-Aortic: Ukudabuka noma ukulimala kwe-aorta ngenxa yengozi enkulu, njengokuwa kusuka endaweni ephakeme noma ukushayisana kwemoto ngesivinini esikhulu.
- I-mural thrombus: I-blood clot eyakheka emthanjeni omkhulu wegazi, njengomthambo wegazi, ovimba ukugeleza kwegazi.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lezi zifo?
Eqinisweni, ezinye izifo ezinkulu zemithambo yegazi, ikakhulukaziUkuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi kanye nokususwa kwayo kungaba yimbangela yofuzo. Ezinye izifo zofuzo ezithinta izicubu ezixhumene nazo zingabangela isifo semithambo emikhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingozi yakho iyanda uma unezimo ezilandelayo:
- Ukukhula kweminyaka: Ingozi iyanda njengoba iminyaka ikhula.
- Izifo ezingamahlalakhona ezilimaza imithambo yegazi:
- Isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona (i-COPD)
- Isifo sikashukela
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- I-cholesterol ephezulu
- Ukukhonkotha (i-sleep apnea)
- Amathonya endlela yokuphila:
- Ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa eminye imikhiqizo kagwayi
- Ukuphuza ngokweqile
- Ukucindezeleka
- Ukuba uhlangothi lwabesilisa.
Yini okufanele siyenze ukuze sihlale siphephile kulezi zifo?
Ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, izifo zofuzo, kanye nezingozi kunzima ukuzivimbela. Kodwa kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sizivikele kwezinye izinhlobo zesifo semithambo yenhliziyo.
- Landela indlela yokuphila enempilo. Ukudla ukudla okunempilo kanye nokuzilolonga ngokomzimba kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Uma unesifo esingamahlalakhona njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol ephezulu, noma isifo sikashukela, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo . Thatha imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe.
- Nciphisa noma uyeke ngokuphelele ukuphuza utshwala .
- Thola izindlela zokuphatha ukucindezeleka .
- Yeka ukubhema nokusebenzisa eminye imikhiqizo kagwayi ngokuphelele.
Uma usengozini yokuthola isifo semithambo yenhliziyo noma uma udokotela wakho ethole inkinga encane, ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha kanye nokuqapha kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngenxa yalokhu, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa okufana ne-'CT scan', 'MRI' noma 'Angiography'. Ngokusekelwe olwazini olutholakale kulokhu, amathuba okuba nenkinga angahlolwa futhi, uma kudingeka, ukwelashwa kunganikezwa kusenesikhathi ukuze kuvinjelwe.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-aorta iwumthambo wegazi oyinhloko nomkhulu kunayo yonke emzimbeni wethu. Iwumgwaqo omkhulu othwala umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba emzimbeni wonke.
- Izinkinga ngalokhu, njenge-aneurysm noma ukuqhekeka kwamathambo, zingaba zimbi kakhulu futhi zisongele impilo.
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol ephezulu, isifo sikashukela, futhi ikakhulukazi ukubhema kwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthola isifo semithambo yenhliziyo.
- Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela kulezi zifo ukuphila impilo enempilo nokuphatha kahle izifo zakho ezingamahlalakhona.
- Uma kukhona emndenini wakho onalezi zifo, noma uma unezici eziyingozi, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
💬 Comments (0)
No comments yet. Be the first to share your thoughts here.
Add Your Comment