Inhliziyo yakho iyisikhungo esiyinhloko sokupompa umzimba wakho wonke. Ngakho-ke umthambo wegazi omkhulu, omkhulu kunayo yonke ophuma enhliziyweni futhi uthwala igazi elihlanzekile eligcwele umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wakho wonke ubizwa ngokuthi i-aorta. Cabanga ngakho njengepayipi lamanzi eliyinhloko elihlinzeka ngamanzi endlini yakho. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Aortic yilapho udonga lwalo mthambo wegazi oyinhloko luqhekeka ngaphakathi. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo esiyingozi kakhulu, esisongela ukuphila esivame ukwenzeka ngokuzumayo, ngaphandle kwesixwayiso kusengaphambili.
Kuyini ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Aortic? Masiqonde kalula
I-aorta yethu iwumthambo wegazi owakhiwe ngezingqimba ezintathu. Ifana nodonga olunezingqimba ezintathu. Uma ngesizathu esithile, kudabuka ungqimba olungaphakathi lwalolu donga, igazi eligeleza ngaphansi komfutho ophezulu lingena ekudabukeni bese liqala ukuvuza phakathi kwezingqimba ezimbili zodonga. Njengoba igazi ligcwala ngale ndlela, izingqimba ezimbili ziyahlukana. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukuqhekeka.
Cabanga ngakho njengomgwaqo oqhuma kabili. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukugeleza kwegazi okuvamile kuya ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba kuyaphazamiseka. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi, lo mthambo omkhulu ungaqhuma ngokuphelele (ukuqhekeka).
Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Uma singaxilongwa futhi selashwe ngokushesha, singaholela ekufeni okuzumayo. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuhlukaniswa kwe-aorta?
Odokotela bahlukanisa lesi simo ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko, ezibizwa ngokuthi ukuhlukaniswa kweStanford, okusekelwe lapho ukudabuka kwenzeka khona.
| Uhlobo | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Uhlobo lweStanford A | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu noluyingozi kakhulu . Ukudabuka kwenzeka engxenyeni engenhla ye-aorta, eseduze nenhliziyo (i-ascending aorta). Lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni ngokushesha, ngakho-ke ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo kuvame ukudingeka. |
| Uhlobo lweStanford B | Ukudabuka kwenzeka e-aorta eyehlayo, kude kancane nenhliziyo. Lokhu kungase kungabi yingozi ngokushesha njengohlobo A. Uma ukuphakelwa kwegazi ezithweni zomzimba kunganqanyulwa, kungaphathwa ngemithi , ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo. |
Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu? Ungakubona kanjani?
Isici esiyinhloko sokuhlukaniswa kwe-aorta ukuthi kwenzeka ngokuzumayo . Azikho izimpawu eziyisixwayiso. Kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, njengalapho ulele, uphumule, noma wenza umsebenzi onzima.
Lezi yizimpawu ezingabonakala ngokujwayelekile:
- Ubuhlungu obungazelelwe, obungabekezeleleki, obubukhali esifubeni noma emhlane ongaphezulu. Abantu abaningi babuchaza njengomzwa "wokudabuka" noma "wokugwazwa" . Lolu uphawu oluyinhloko noluvame kakhulu.
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu esiswini.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula (i-Dyspnea).
- Isiyezi noma i-vertigo.
- Ukwehla okungazelelwe komfutho wegazi (umfutho wegazi ophansi).
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okubuthakathaka nokusheshayo.
- Ukujuluka ngokweqile.
- Ukudideka.
- Ukulahlekelwa umbono.
- Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi. Isibonelo, ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba noma ubunzima bokukhuluma.
Uma uzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni noma ezinye izimpawu ezinjengalezi, kufanele uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokulibala . Ungacabangi ukuthi lokhu ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Ukwelashwa kwalezi zimo ezimbili kuhlukile.
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?
Imbangela eyinhloko yokuqhekeka komthambo iwukuba buthaka kancane kancane kodonga lomthambo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuba buthaka kwenzeka ngasese iminyaka eminingi, futhi ekugcineni kudabuke endaweni ebuthaka kakhulu.
Isici esiyinhloko nesivame kakhulu sengozi salokhu umfutho wegazi ophezulu ongalawuleki (i-Hypertension) . Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wonakalisa izindonga zemithambo yegazi, okwenza zingaguquguquki futhi zibe buthakathaka.
Ezinye izinto eziyingozi yilezi:
- I-atherosclerosis noma i-cholesterol ephezulu.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo kagwayi (ukubhema).
- I-Aortic aneurysm.
- Izifo ze-valve ye-aorta yenhliziyo.
- Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okubangelwa ukuzalwa, isibonelo, i-bicuspid aortic valve (ama-valve amabili esikhundleni sama-valve amathathu avamile).
- Izifo zezicubu ezixhumeneyo, njenge- Marfan syndrome kanye ne-Ehlers-Danlos syndrome . Lezi yizimo ezingazuzwa njengefa.
- Uma othile emndenini wake waba nokuhlinzwa kwe-aorta ngaphambili.
- Ukulimala okukhulu esifubeni (isib., ingozi enkulu yemoto).
- Ukuba phakathi kweminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengama-70 ubudala.
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezifana ne-cocaine.
Udokotela uhlonza kanjani lokhu?
Uma uya esibhedlela, udokotela angase asole lesi simo ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi lezi zimpawu zifana nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi, kudingeka kwenziwe izivivinyo eziningana ngokushesha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngokuqinisekile.
- I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography): Lena yindlela engcono kakhulu nesheshayo yokubona kahle i-aorta esimweni esiphuthumayo.
- I-Echocardiogram: Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound. I-transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) ingabonisa i-aorta ngokucacile kune-transthoracic echocardiogram.
- I-X-ray yesifuba: Inganikeza umbono oqondile wokuthi i-aorta ivulekile yini.
- I-MRI (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Nakuba lokhu kungaveza nezithombe ezicacile kakhulu, akuvamile ukusetshenziswa ezimweni eziphuthumayo ngoba kuthatha isikhathi eside kune-CT scan.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Indlela yokwelapha incike endaweni lapho kudabuke khona (Uhlobo A noma Uhlobo B) kanye nesimo sesiguli.
Ukuhlinzwa kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha
1. Ukufakelwa Kwezingxenyana: Lokhu ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile. Kulokhu kuhlinzwa, udokotela ohlinzayo ususa ingxenye eyonakele ye-aorta bese eyishintsha nge-graft yokwenziwa. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa njengokwelashwa okuphuthumayo kokuhlukaniswa kohlobo A.
2. Ukulungiswa kwe-Endovascular Stent-Graft: Lokhu kuhilela ukwenza ukusikwa okuncane emthanjeni wegazi esinqeni nokusebenzisa izintambo nama-catheter ukufaka ipayipi lensimbi (i-stent graft) engxenyeni ebuthakathaka ye-aorta. Lokhu kuqinisa udonga olubuthakathaka ngaphakathi. Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlukaniswa kohlobo B okuyinkimbinkimbi.
3. Indlela Ehlanganisiwe: Kwezinye izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kokubili ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile kanye nezindlela zokufakelwa i-stent kungadingeka zisetshenziswe ndawonye.
Imithi (izidakamizwa)
Imithi isetshenziswa kakhulu ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kanye nasezimweni zohlobo B lapho ukuhlinzwa kungadingeki khona.
- Imithi efana ne- beta-blockers inganikezwa ukwehlisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo kanye nomfutho wegazi. Lokhu kunciphisa ingcindezi ku-aorta futhi kuvimbele ukudabuka ukuthi kungasabalali kakhulu.
- Kufanele uphuze imithi impilo yakho yonke ukuze ulawule umfutho wegazi lakho.
Ingabe lokhu kungavinjelwa?
Asikwazi ukushintsha ezinye izinto eziyingozi (isib. izifo ezizuzwe njengefa). Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ezithile esingazilawula.
- Gcina umfutho wegazi lakho ulawulwa kahle.Uma unomfutho wegazi ophakeme, thatha imithi enqunywe udokotela wakho ngqo bese unciphisa usawoti owudlayo.
- Uma ubhema, yeka ngokushesha.
- Gcina isisindo somzimba siphilile.
- Uma kukhona emndenini wakho (abazali, izingane zakini) oke waba nalesi simo, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaso bese wenza izivivinyo ezidingekayo.
- Ukubopha ibhande lesihlalo kungavimbela ukulimala kwesifuba engozini yemoto.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukusikwa kwe-aorta kuwukudabuka emthanjeni wegazi oyinhloko ophuma enhliziyweni. Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu, esisongela ukuphila.
- Uma uzwa ubuhlungu obungazelelwe, obungabekezeleleki, "obudabukile" esifubeni noma emhlane wakho , lokhu kungaba njalo. Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
- Isici esiyinhloko esiyingozi salokhu umfutho wegazi ophakeme ongalawuleki. Ngakho hlola umfutho wegazi wakho njalo futhi uwulawule.
- Ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa, udinga ukuhlala ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela impilo yakho yonke. Thola izivivinyo ezivamile (i-CT noma i-MRI) bese uthatha imithi oyinikezwe njengoba uyalelwe.
- Gwema ukuzivocavoca okunzima njengokuphakamisa izinsimbi. Kodwa-ke, ukuzivocavoca okulinganiselwe njengokuhamba nokuhamba ngebhayisikili kulungile. Cela iseluleko kudokotela wakho ngalokhu.
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