Kuyini i-Aplastic Anemia? Ake sixoxe ngakho kalula.

Ingabe uhlala uzizwa ukhathele futhi ukhathele? Noma uthola izifo ezinkulu ngisho nasezintweni ezincane kakhulu? Uyazibona yini izibazi emzimbeni wakho wonke? Nakuba singase sicabange ukuthi lezi zinto zivamile, ngezinye izikhathi zingaba izimpawu zenkinga engaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Lokho kusho ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuhlola ukuthi umnkantsha, ifektri eyinhloko yokwenza igazi emizimbeni yethu, uyaphumula yini.

Kuyini ngempela i-aplastic anemia?

Kalula nje, i-aplastic anemia iyisifo segazi esingavamile kodwa esibi kakhulu. Okwenzekayo ukuthi ingxenye ethambile emathanjeni ethu, ebizwa ngokuthi umnkantsha wamathambo , iyeka ukwenza amangqamuzana egazi amasha. Cabanga ngakho njengokungathi ifektri enkulu yokwenza igazi emzimbeni wethu iqale ukusebenza ngokuzumayo.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamaseli egazini lethu:

• Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu: Lawa yiwo athwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke.
• Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi: Lawa yibutho lethu elilwa nezifo kanye nokutheleleka.
• Ama-platelet: Lawa yiwo ayeka ukopha uma kukhona inxeba.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ku-aplastic anemia, kukhiqizwa eyodwa kuphela yalezi zinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli egazi. Kodwa ngokuvamile, zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zikhiqizwa kancane. Lesi simo singakhula kancane kancane noma ngokuzumayo. Uma inani lamaseli egazi lehla kakhulu, kungaba yingozi empilweni.

Nakuba lesi simo singakhula kunoma yimuphi ubudala, sivame kakhulu kubantu abasha abaseminyakeni yabo yo-20 kanye nalabo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60.

Yini ebangela lesi simo?

I-anemia ye-Aplastic ingaba nezimbangela eziningi ezahlukene. Odokotela bazonquma ukuthi hlobo luni nokuthi luyingozi kangakanani.

I-Anemia Engaguquki Ezuzwe Njengefa

Lokhu kubangelwa ukukhubazeka okuthile kwezakhi zofuzo ozalwa nakho. Lezi zakhi zofuzo zivimbela umongo wakho wamathambo ukuthi ukhiqize amangqamuzana egazi anele. Isibonelo, izimo ezifana ne-Fanconi anemia kanye ne-Dyskeratosis congenita zihlotshaniswa nalokhu.

Izimbangela zakamuva (i-Acquired Aplastic Anemia)

Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi amasosha ethu omzimba ahlasela ngephutha amangqamuzana ethu omnkantsha. Kukhona nezinye izimbangela:

• Amanye amagciwane afana ne-'HIV' noma '(Epstein-Barr)'.
• Imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi eminye imithi elwa namagciwane.
• Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali anobuthi.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe noma ngamakhemikhali okwelapha umdlavuza.
• Ezinye izifo ze-autoimmune.

Amacala lapho kungatholakali khona imbangela (i-Idiopathic Aplastic Anemia)

Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela abakwazi ukuthola imbangela ecacile yalesi simo. Lawa macala abizwa kanje.

Yiziphi izimpawu ozizwayo?

Izimpawu zakho zizoncika ekutheni hlobo luni lweseli legazi olungekho. Kodwa-ke, njengoba zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli zivame ukuntuleka, ungase ubone inhlanganisela yalezi zimpawu.

Ukuthola kanjani lokhu, Dokotela?

Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, udokotela wakho uzoyala ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

• Ukubalwa Kwegazi Okuphelele (i-FBC): Lokhu kulinganisa inani lohlobo ngalunye lweseli egazini lakho.
• Ukugcotshwa Kwegazi Okungaphandle:Lapha, isampula yegazi lakho ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kuhlolwe ukungalingani ngesimo nobukhulu bamaseli.
• Ukuhlolwa Komnkantsha Wamathambo: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu nokuqinisekile ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Ngaphansi kokuhlinzwa, kuthathwa isampula encane kakhulu yomnkantsha wamathambo ethanjeni lesinqe noma kwelinye ithambo elifanele. Nakuba lokhu kuwukuhlolwa okunzima kancane, kubalulekile ukuhlonza lesi sifo ngokunembile.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Indlela yokwelapha incike ezintweni ezifana nembangela yesifo, ubukhali baso, kanye nobudala bakho.

• Ukwelapha imbangela: Ngezinye izikhathi, uma imbangela yalesi simo kungumuthi noma ikhemikhali, ukuyiyeka kungase kuthuthukise isimo.
• Qaphela Futhi Ulinde: Uma lesi sifo singesibi kakhulu, udokotela wakho angase angakuniki noma yiluphi uhlobo lokwelashwa futhi angaqaphi isimo sakho ngokuhlola njalo inani legazi lakho.
• Ukwelashwa ngemithi:
• Ama-immunosuppressants: Le mithi isiza ukuvimba amasosha omzimba wakho ekuhlaseleni umongo wakho wamathambo.
• Izikhuthazi Zomnkantsha Wamathambo: Le mithi isiza umnkantsha wamathambo ukuthi wakhe amaseli egazi engeziwe.
• Ukumpontshelwa Igazi: Ukuze kwandiswe inani lamaseli abomvu egazi noma ama-platelet anciphile, igazi kumele linikezwe livela ngaphandle. Lokhu akulona ikhambi, kodwa kusiza ukulawula izimpawu.
• Ukufakelwa Kwamaseli Esiqu: Lokhu kwaziwa nangokuthi Ukufakelwa Kwama-Bone Marrow . Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka esikhundleni somnkantsha wethambo onesifo ngamaseli esiqu aphilile avela kumuntu ophilile (ngokuvamile isihlobo esiseduze). Lokhu kungasiqeda ngokuphelele lesi sifo. Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha ephumelelayo, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezisencane.

Uphila kanjani nalesi simo?

Uma une-anemia engapheli, udinga ukunakekela impilo yakho ngokukhethekile.

• Zivikele ezifweni: Geza izandla zakho njalo. Hlala kude nabantu abagulayo nezindawo ezinabantu abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Gwema ukulimala: Ngenxa yengozi yokopha, gwema ezemidlalo nemisebenzi engabangela ukulimala.
• Phumula kahle: Phumula kahle uma uzizwa ukhathele.
• Ukudla okunempilo: Yidla ukudla okunempilo.
• Landela iseluleko sezokwelapha:Phuza imithi oyinikezwe udokotela wakho ngesikhathi. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi uthintana nodokotela wakho ezimweni ezikhethekile, njengangaphambi kokuhamba ngendiza.