Ingabe nawe ukhathazekile nge-appendix yakho? Ake sixoxe ngalo mdlavuza ongavamile (i-Appendix Cancer)!

Uma uzwa igama elithi umdlavuza we-appendix, cishe uyasaba kancane, akunjalo? Empeleni kuyisimo esingavamile kakhulu. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela kancane ngaso. Ake sibheke ukuthi uyini umdlavuza we-appendix, ukuthi uqala kanjani, yiziphi izimpawu, nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha.

Kalula nje, umdlavuza we-appendix yilapho amangqamuzana ase-appendix yakho eshintshashintsha khona bese eqala ukukhula ngokushesha nangokungalawuleki. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi umdlavuza we-appendix .

Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi iyini i-appendix. Iyingxenye yesimiso sakho sokugaya ukudla . Ukuze kube sobala, iyisikhwama esincane, esifana ne-tube ohlangothini lwesokudla lwesisu sakho, eduze kwalapho amathumbu amancane namathumbu amakhulu kuhlangana khona. Ososayensi abakaqiniseki kahle ukuthi i-appendix yenzani. Abanye bacabanga ukuthi isiza amasosha ethu omzimba . Abanye bathi iyisitho nje esingasasizi kahle.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zomdlavuza we-appendix?

Kulungile, manje ake sibheke izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezingakhula ku-appendix. Empeleni, kunezinhlobo eziningana zezimila ezingakhula ku-appendix, zombili ezingenabungozi nezimbi . Lezi zimila ezinomdlavuza ziyingozi kakhulu ngoba zingakhula futhi zisakazeke emzimbeni wonke. Odokotela bahlukanisa lezi zimila zomdlavuza ze-appendix ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwamaseli lapho umdlavuza uqala khona. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• I-adenocarcinoma ye-appendiceal
• Izimila ze-neuroendocrine

I-Appendiceal Adenocarcinoma (Amathumba e-Epithelial)

Iningi lomdlavuza we-appendix liwuhlobo lwe- adenocarcinoma . Lokhu kuqala ezicutshini ze-glandular ezimboza izitho zethu zomzimba. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zalolu hlobo:

• I-Mucinous adenocarcinoma: Lolu hlobo luqala engxenyeni engaphakathi ye-appendix. Lukhipha into ejiyile ebizwa ngokuthi i-mucin , etholakala ku-mucus. Nakuba la mathumba angasakazeka, ngokuvamile awasakazeki ngale kwesisu.
• I-adenocarcinoma yohlobo lwekholoni (engeyona i-mucinous): Lezi zimila zikhula eduze nengxenye engezansi yesithasiselo. Ziziphatha njengomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu, futhi izimpawu zifana kakhulu.
• I-adenocarcinoma yeseli lendandatho yophawu:Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungavela ku-appendix. Lawa maseli omdlavuza akhipha futhi agcine inani elikhulu le-mucin. Athola igama lawo ngoba uma ebhekwa nge-microscope, lawa maseli abukeka njengezindandatho.
• I-adenocarcinoma yeseli le-goblet: Lolu futhi uhlobo olungavamile kakhulu lwe-adenocarcinoma. Inezici ezithile zezimila ze-neuroendocrine.

Amathumba e-Appendical Neuroendocrine (Amathumba e-Carcinoid)

Izimila ze-neuroendocrine zikhula ohlotsheni olukhethekile lweseli olubizwa ngamaseli e-neuroendocrine . Lawa maseli athola izimpawu ezivela ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa futhi akhulule ama-hormone. Esikhathini esiningi, lezi zinhlobo zezimila zikhula kancane kakhulu .

Uvame kangakanani umdlavuza we-appendix?

Eqinisweni, umdlavuza we-appendix uyisifo esingavamile kakhulu . Isibonelo, e-United States, lesi sifo sivela kubantu oyedwa noma ababili kuphela kwabayisigidi ngonyaka. Lokho kungaphansi kakhulu kwe-1% yabantu.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza we-appendix?

Ngezinye izikhathi, ungaba nomdlavuza we-appendix ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Noma, ungase ungaziboni izimpawu kuze kube yilapho isimila sesisakazekile. Lezi zimpawu zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Hlola ukuthi unazo yini lezi:

• I-Appendicitis (okusho ukuvuvukala noma ukutheleleka kwe-appendix)
• Ukuqunjelwa , umuzwa wokugcwala esiswini
• Ama-Ascites
• Ukuphakama kwesinqe
• Ubuhlungu esiswini noma ethangeni
• Izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwamathumbu (ikakhulukazi isifo sohudo )
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukuzizwa usuthi ngokushesha nje lapho uqala ukudla ( Ukusutha kwasekuqaleni )

Ngezinye izikhathi, umdlavuza we-appendix ungahambisana nesimo esingavamile kakhulu esibizwa ngokuthi i-Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) . Ku-PMP, amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhipha into efana nejeli ebizwa ngokuthi i-mucin, engabangela ukuthi i-appendix ivuvuke. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izimpawu ezifana nokuqunjelwa kanye nobuhlungu besisu zingavela.

Yini ebangela umdlavuza we-appendix?

Umdlavuza we-appendix uqala lapho amangqamuzana ku-appendix eshintshashintsha futhi eqala ukukhula ngokungalawuleki. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe abakaqiniseki ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela le nqubo.

Izici zengozi

Kodwa-ke, izici ezithile zingandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza we-appendix. Lezi zifaka:

• Ubudala:Nakuba umdlavuza we-appendix ungenzeka kunoma yimuphi ubudala, uvame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-40 no-60. Lesi sifo sivame ukutholakala kubantu abaneminyaka engu-50.
• Ubulili: Abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okuthola izimila ze-neuroendocrine ze-appendix.
• Ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi: Ukusebenzisa ugwayi kwandisa ingozi yokuthola zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza, okuhlanganisa nomdlavuza we-appendix.
• Umlando wezokwelapha: Izimo ezithile zempilo, njenge- atrophic gastritis , i-pernicious anemia, kanye ne -Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, zingandisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-appendix.
• Umlando womndeni womdlavuza: Ucwaningo lwamuva nje lubonisa ukuthi abanye abantu abanomdlavuza we-appendix bangase bazuze izakhi zofuzo ezandisa ingozi yabo yokuthola umdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze kutholakale ukuthi lokhu kuyifa lofuzo yini.

Umdlavuza we-appendix utholakala kanjani?

Ngokuvamile, abantu abanomdlavuza we-appendix baya kudokotela benezimpawu ze-appendicitis. Ukuxilongwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngemva kokususwa kwe-appendix ngokuhlinzwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, lawa mathumba atholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesinye isimo noma ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.

Uma udokotela wakho esola umdlavuza we-appendix, uzo-oda ezinye izivivinyo eziningana. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi kwenziwe i -CT scan noma i- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) . Lokhu kuhlolwa kuthatha izithombe zezicubu ezingaphakathi emzimbeni wakho. Kungabonisa izimpawu zezimila nokuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke yini. Uma umdlavuza we-appendix usakazeka, ungasakazeka ezithweni zesisu eziseduze noma ezicutshini ezizimbozayo ( i-peritoneum ).
• I-Laparoscopy: Kule nqubo, udokotela ufaka ithuluzi elide nelincane elibizwa ngokuthi i-laparoscope ngesilonda esincane esiswini sakho. Ikhamera encane kuyo ithatha izithombe ze-appendix bese izibonisa esikrinini.
• I-Biopsy: Kule nqubo, udokotela uthatha isampula yezicubu bese eyithumela elabhorethri yezifo ukuze ahlole amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kunzima kakhulu ukuthatha i-biopsy kusuka ku-appendix. Ngakho-ke, uma umdlavuza kungenzeka ukuthi usakazekele kwenye indawo, udokotela uzothatha isampula kuleyo ndawo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi:Uma imiphumela yakho ye-biopsy iveza ukuthi unomdlavuza we-appendix, udokotela wakho uzoyala ukuhlolwa kwelebhu ukuhlola amazinga akho e-protein. Amazinga amaprotheni athile angasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani.

Izigaba zomdlavuza we-appendix

Ukwazi isigaba somdlavuza kusiza odokotela ukuthi banqume ukuthi umdlavuza unzima kangakanani, ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo lokwelapha olungcono kakhulu, nokuthi imiphumela yokwelashwa izoba yini.

Odokotela basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokulinganisa izigaba kuye ngohlobo lwesimila:

• I-Appendiceal adenocarcinomas: Odokotela basebenzisa uhlelo lwe-TNM staging ukuze bahlele i-appendiceal adenocarcinomas. Lolu hlelo lubheka ubukhulu besimila (T), ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke yini kuma-lymph node (N), nokuthi ususakazeke yini ezithweni ezikude (M). Umdlavuza osakazeke ngale ndlela ubizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza osakazeke kakhulu . Zonke lezi zici zihlanganiswa ndawonye bese kunikezwa isigaba esisuka kwesinye kuya kwesine. Isigaba sokuqala umdlavuza wesigaba sokuqala, kanti isigaba sesine umdlavuza othuthukile.
• Izimila ze-appendiceal neuroendocrine: Isigaba salezi zimila sinqunywa ukuthi zingasuswa ngokuphelele yini ngokuhlinzwa. Baphinde babheke izinga lesimila (ukuthi amaseli abukeka engajwayelekile kangakanani ngaphansi kwe-microscope). Uma unesimila esisezingeni eliphansi (okusho ukuthi kunamaseli ambalwa angajwayelekile) futhi udokotela angasisusa ngokuhlinzwa, isibikezelo sakho sihle.

Empeleni, ukuthola isigaba somdlavuza we-appendix kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane ngoba kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zamathumba. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezici zalo, ezinquma izinketho zakho zokwelapha kanye nokubikezela.

Kodwa ungesabi. Cela udokotela wakho akuchazele ukuthi uhlobo lomdlavuza wakho kanye nesigaba sawo kuzokuthinta kanjani.

Umdlavuza we-appendix welashwa kanjani?

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha umdlavuza we-appendix. Eziyinhloko ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa kanye nemithi. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izici eziningana ngaphambi kokuhlela ukwelashwa kwakho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ubukhulu kanye nesigaba sesimila, impilo yakho iyonke, kanye nezintandokazi zakho.

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko komdlavuza we-appendix ukuhlinzwa . Kunezindlela eziningana zokuhlinzwa:

• Ukususwa kwe-Appendectomy: Kuma-tumors amancane kune-1 noma ama-2 centimeter (ngaphansi kwe-inch), ukususa i-appendix kukodwa kunganele.
• Ukususwa kwe-Hemicol: Kwamathumba amakhulu, anzima kakhulu, ukususwa kwe-hemicol kuyindlela yokuhlinzwaKungadingeka ukuhlinzwa okwengeziwe, njenge-laparotomy. Kule nqubo, ngaphezu kokususa i-appendix, ingxenye yekholoni kanye nama-lymph node amaningana ayasuswa.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Cytoreductive (debulking): Uma umdlavuza ususakazeke esiswini sonke, kungadingeka ukuhlinzwa okubanzi kakhulu. Kulokhu, udokotela ohlinzayo ususa isimila esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka, okungase kuhlanganise nokususa izingxenye zezitho lapho umdlavuza ususakazeke khona.

Ukwelashwa ngemithi

Uma ukuhlinzwa kungakwazi ukususa umdlavuza ngokuphelele, ungadinga ukwelashwa ngemithi. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziselwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza asakazeke ngale kwe-appendix. Kuphinde kubulale noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza angase ashiywe ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Lo muthi unganikezwa njengomjovo noma njengephilisi.
• I-Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC): I-HIPEC uhlobo olukhethekile lokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Ngokuvamile lwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Kuhilela ukufudumeza imithi yamakhemikhali nokuyisakaza ngaphakathi kwesisu. Lokhu kushisa kanye nokusetshenziswa ngqo kwale mithi kwenza i-chemotherapy ibe namandla futhi isebenze kahle.
• Ukwelashwa ngemithi okuqondiwe: Umgomo walokhu kwelashwa ukuhlasela amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuphela ngenkathi kunciphisa umonakalo kumaseli anempilo. Imithi ekhethekile isetshenziselwa ukuhlasela izakhi zofuzo noma amaprotheni athile asiza ukukhula komdlavuza. Imithi efana ne -cetuximab , i-bevacizumab , i-ramucirumab, kanye ne -panitumumab isetshenziswa kulolu hlobo lokwelashwa komdlavuza we-appendix.

Yini ongayilindela uma unomdlavuza we-appendix?

Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kuzoncika ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa uhlobo, usayizi, kanye nezinga lesimila. Impilo yakho iyonke kanye nendlela osabela ngayo ekwelashweni nakho kubalulekile.

Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza we-appendix zingelapheka ngokuphelele . Isibonelo, izimila ze-appendix ze-neuroendocrine ze-appendix ezisezingeni eliphansi zivame ukwelapheka ngokuhlinzwa. Ngokuvamile, uma isimila sisincane, kulapho amathuba okuba umdlavuza welapheke ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa. Izimila ezinkulu zisakazeka ngokushesha futhi zingase zingasabeli kahle ekwelashweni.

Udokotela wakho angakuqondisa ngalokho ongakulindela ngokusekelwe ekuxilongweni kwakho.

Lingakanani izinga lokusinda komdlavuza we-appendix?

Izinga lokusinda iminyaka emihlanu ngenxa yomdlavuza we-appendix osezingeni eliphansi liphakathi kuka-67% no-97%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi phakathi kuka-67% no-97% wabantu abanalesi sifo basaphila ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu. Leli zinga lokusinda lingaba liphansi kakhulu ezimila ezithuthukile noma kumdlavuza we-appendix otholakala kamuva.

Khumbula, amazinga okusinda awabikezeli ukuthi uzosabela kahle kangakanani ekwelashweni noma ukuthi uzophila isikhathi esingakanani. Lezi zibalo zibonisa okuhlangenwe nakho kwabantu ababenomdlavuza we-appendix esikhathini esidlule. Ngenxa yokuthi umdlavuza we-appendix awuvamile, ulwazi mayelana nobude bokuphila lungase lungabi lunembile. Uma unemibuzo mayelana namazinga okusinda, khuluma nodokotela wakho.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma ubona izimpawu zomdlavuza we-appendix, njenge-appendicitis, ukuqunjelwa, noma ubuhlungu besisu , bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha .

Uma utholakale unomdlavuza we-appendix, khuluma nodokotela wakho uma izimpawu zakho zishintsha noma ziba zimbi kakhulu. Mtshele nganoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi oyitholayo ngenxa yokwelashwa kwakho. Angaphakamisa izindlela zokukusiza ukuthi ubhekane nezimpawu zakho. Angakudlulisela nasezinkonzweni zokunakekelwa kwe-palliative . Ochwepheshe bokunakekelwa kwe-palliative basiza abantu abanezifo ezahlukahlukene (kufaka phakathi izifo ezingasongela impilo) ukuphatha izimpawu zabo.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Ukwazi okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngesimo sakho kuzokusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nempilo yakho. Nansi eminye imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho:

• Nginaluphi uhlobo lwe-appendix?
• Ingakanani ithumba?
• Iyini isigaba kanye nezinga lomdlavuza wami we-appendix?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?
• Kufanele ngiqale nini ukwelashwa?
• Ngizokwazi yini ukusebenza ngenkathi ngithola ukwelashwa komdlavuza?
• Ingabe zikhona izinsiza noma amaqembu okusekela angangisiza?

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ungaqiniseki uma uthola ukuthi unomdlavuza we-appendix. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngendlela ozizwa ngayo. Angaphendula imibuzo yakho ngesimo sakho futhi akutshele ukuthi ungatholaphi ukwesekwa. Ngenxa yokuthi umdlavuza we-appendix awuvamile, ungase uzizwe uwedwa ngalokhu kuxilongwa. Kodwa awuwedwa. Ungaxhumana nabanye abaye baba nokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo. Ningasizana ngokwelashwa nokuphathwa komdlavuza we-appendix.

Umyalezo obaluleke kakhulu okufanele uwuthathe ekhaya ovela kulesi sihloko uthi:

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sesikhulume kakhulu ngomdlavuza we-appendix, akunjalo? Nakuba lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile kakhulu, kufanelekile ukulwazi.

• Umdlavuza we-appendix uyisifo esingavamile. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana ne-appendicitis, ubuhlungu besisu obungavamile, noma ukuvuvukala, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.
• Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza we-appendix, ngayinye inezindlela ezahlukene zokwelashwa kanye namazinga okululama.
• Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba ukwelashwa cishe kuzophumelela.
• Kukhona izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo. Lesi sifo selashwa ngezinto ezifana nokuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, kanye nokwelashwa okuqondiwe.
• Ungesabi ukubuza imibuzo. Buza udokotela wakho noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo. Awuwedwa, kunezindawo zokuthola usizo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukunaka izinguquko emzimbeni wakho. Uma ubona noma yini engavamile, kuwukuhlakanipha ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha kunokungayinaki.

Umdlavuza wesithasiselo , i-appendicitis, izimpawu zomdlavuza, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, i-adenocarcinoma, izimila ze-neuroendocrine, ukuhlinzwa