Kuthiwani uma ngokuzumayo uphathwa yikhanda elibuhlungu ongakaze ube nalo empilweni yakho? Noma uma ngokuzumayo uba nesimo esifana nokuxhuzula ngaphandle kwesizathu? Nakuba sivame ukucabanga ngalezi zinto njengento evamile, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nesizathu ngemuva kwalokhu esingakazwa okuningi ngaso, kodwa okufanele sikhathazeke kakhulu ngaso. Leso yisimo esingavamile, kodwa esingaba sibi kakhulu esikhuluma ngaso namuhla, esibizwa ngokuthi i-AVM.
Kalula nje, iyini le AVM (Arteriovenous Malformation)?
Cabanga ngokujikeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wethu njengohlelo lwemigwaqo. Imithambo yegazi injengemigwaqo emikhulu. Ithwala igazi elihlanzekile, elinomoya-mpilo lisuka enhliziyweni liye ebuchosheni nakuzo zonke ezinye izitho zomzimba. Imithambo yegazi injengemigwaqo emincane. Ibuyisela igazi elisetshenzisiwe, elingenawo umoya-mpilo enhliziyweni.
Kukhona indawo yokuhlangana phakathi kwale migwaqo emikhulu (imithambo yegazi) kanye nemigwaqo emincane (imithambo yegazi) ukuze kuhlanganiswe futhi kulawulwe isivinini. Le ndawo yokuhlangana iyinethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi emincane esiyibiza ngokuthi ama-capillary. Yilapho ukucindezeleka kwegazi elivela emgwaqweni omkhulu kuncipha khona, umoya-mpilo kanye nezakhamzimba kunikezwa izicubu ezizungezile, bese kuthunyelwa emuva emithanjeni yegazi.
Ake ucabange nje, bekuzokwenzekani uma, ngesizathu esithile, le ndawo yokuhlangana (ama-capillaries) ingekho, futhi umgwaqo omkhulu (umthambo) uxhumeka ngokuzumayo emgwaqweni omncane (umthambo)? Lapho ukugeleza kwegazi okushesha kakhulu nokucindezela okuphezulu kungena emthanjeni obuthakathaka ongakwazi ukubhekana nokucindezeleka, lowo mthambo ungaqhuma.
Lokho kuxinana okungavamile nokuxakile kwemithambo yegazi yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Arteriovenous Malformation , noma i-AVM . Lokhu kuxinana okuxakile, njengesidleke senyoni, kungaba yingozi enkulu.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-AVM:
Nakuba ama-AVM angakhula noma kuphi emzimbeni wethu, angahlukaniswa kakhulu abe izinhlobo ezimbili.
| Uhlobo lwe-AVM | Indawo kanye nencazelo |
|---|---|
| Ama-AVM obuchopho | Lezi yizona ezivame kakhulu. Zingakhula ngaphakathi kwezicubu zobuchopho, ebusweni bobuchopho, esiqwini sobuchopho, noma emgogodleni. Lezi yizona eziyingozi kakhulu. |
| Ama-AVM ayenzeka kwenye indawo emzimbeni (ama-AVM angaphandle) | Lokhu kungenzeka noma kuphi ngaphandle kobuchopho. Isibonelo, la maqhuqhuva angavela nasezithweni ezifana nobuso, izingalo, imilenze, inhliziyo, isibindi, noma amaphaphu. |
Ziyini izimpawu ze-AVM?
Into emangalisayo ngalokhu ukuthi cishe abantu abayi-15% abane-AVM ababonisi zimpawu. Esikhathini esiningi, uthola ukuthi unayo ngemva kokuqhuma kwayo bese iqala ukopha ebuchosheni. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezithile.
| Isigaba sezimpawu | Izimpawu ezingaba khona |
|---|---|
| Izimpawu ezihlobene nobuchopho | |
| Izinkinga zesistimu yezinzwa | - Ukuquleka noma ungazi lutho. - Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, elizumayo. - Ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma ukukhubazeka okuphelele kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba. - Ukuba ndikindiki emzimbeni. - Izinkinga ngokuhamba, ukukhuluma, inkumbulo, ukucabanga, noma ukubona. |
| Izinkinga zengqondo nezingokomzwelo | - Isicanucanu nokuhlanza. - Isiyezi. - Ukudideka kwengqondo noma ukubona izinto ezingekho. |
| Izimpawu Kwezinye Izitho Zomzimba | |
| Amaphaphu, umgogodla, kanye nesisu | - Uma i-AVM isesemaphashini, ungase uzizwe uphelelwa umoya noma ukhwehlela igazi lapho uzivocavoca. - Uma i-AVM isemzimbeni womgogodla, ubuhlungu obukhulu obungazelelwe emhlane kanye nokungazweli emilenzeni. - Ubuhlungu besisu. |
| Izitho nesikhumba | - Amaqhubu avela ezingalweni, emilenzeni, noma esiqwini. - Ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala endaweni ethintekile. |
Kungani lawa ma-AVM akheka?
Ososayensi abakayazi imbangela eqondile yalesi simo, kodwa bakholelwa ukuthi yisimo sokuzalwa naso . Lokhu kusho ukuthi amafindo emithambo yegazi akheka njengoba umntwana ekhula esibelethweni. Akuvamile kakhulu, angadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.
Yimuphi umonakalo ongadalwa yi-AVM emzimbeni?
Ukuba ne-AVM kungabangela izinkinga ezintathu ezinkulu:
- Ukopha: Lena ingozi enkulu neyingozi kakhulu . Uma igazi liphuma emithanjeni engaphansi kokucindezeleka okuphezulu lingena emithanjeni ebuthakathaka engakwazi ukumelana nokucindezeleka, imithambo ingaqhuma. Uma lokhu kukopha kwenzeka ngaphakathi kobuchopho, kungabangela isifo sohlangothi, okubangela ukulimala kobuchopho unomphela noma ngisho nokufa.
- Ukucindezela izicubu ezizungezile: Njengoba igazi ligcwala ngendlela engavamile, lo mthambo wegazi ungakhula futhi ucindezele ezindaweni zobuchopho noma imizwa ezungezile. Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nokuquleka kanye nobuthakathaka bemisipha.
- Ukunciphisa umoya-mpilo ezicutshini: Ngenxa yokuthi izixhumi ze-capillary esikhulume ngazo ekuqaleni azikho, umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba ezisegazini azishintshisani nezicubu ezizungezile. Igazi lihamba ngqo lisuka emthanjeni liye emthanjeni. Ngenxa yalokho, izicubu namaseli ezinzwa endaweni azitholi ukudla okunomsoco okudingekayo futhi zingafa.
Udokotela ukuthola kanjani lokhu?
Ngemva kokulalela izimpawu zakho, udokotela wakho uzokuxilonga. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma ulalele nge-stethoscope, ungase uzwe umsindo "wokukhuluma" ohlukile, obangelwa ukugeleza kwegazi ngokushesha nge-AVM.
Kodwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ikhona yini i-AVM, kudingeka kwenziwe izivivinyo eziningana ezikhethekile zokuthwebula izithombe.
- Iskena se-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Amagagasi kazibuthe angasetshenziswa ukuthola izithombe ezicacile zobuchopho nemithambo yegazi.
- Iskeni se-CT (Computed Tomography): Uchungechunge lwezithombe zobuchopho ezihlukaniswe ngezigaba lutholakala kusetshenziswa imisebe ye-X.
- I-Catheter Angiography: Lolu uhlobo lokuhlola olungcono kakhulu lokuhlola i-AVM. Kulolu vivinyo, kufakwa ithubhu elincane (i-catheter) ngomthambo osesinqeni noma engalweni bese liqondiswa emithanjeni yegazi ebuchosheni. Udayi okhethekile ube usufakwa emithanjeni yegazi, okuvumela indawo, usayizi, kanye nesimo somthambo wegazi ukuthi kubonakale ngokucacile kuma-X-ray.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ama-AVM?
Isinqumo sokwelapha i-AVM, futhi uma kunjalo, ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokwelapha okufanele uyisebenzise, sizoncika ezintweni eziningana. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela iminyaka yakho, impilo, ubukhulu nendawo ye-AVM, kanye nengozi yokuthi iqhume.
Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukunciphisa noma ukuqeda ngokuphelele ingozi yokopha.
| Indlela yokwelapha | Indlela yokukwenza |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlinzwa | Lolu ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kakhulu. Udokotela ohlinzayo wezinzwa wenza ukusika okuncane ebuchosheni, avale imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi ku-AVM kanye nemithambo yegazi eyikhiphayo, bese esusa ngokuphelele imithambo yegazi. Uma i-AVM isusiwe ngokuphelele, lesi sifo siyaphulukiswa. |
| Ukufakwa kwe-Embolization | Lokhu akusiwo umsebenzi. Njengoba kunjalo nge-angiography, i-catheter ifakwa ku-AVM bese kufakwa into ekhethekile efana neglue noma izintambo ezincane zentambo kuyo ukuze kumiswe ukugeleza kwegazi ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Le nqubo ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ingozi ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. |
| Ukuhlinzwa Kwemisebe yeGamma Knife® | Lokhu futhi akusikho ukuhlinzwa. Lapha, inani elikhulu lemisebe yemisebe liqondiswe ku-AVM ngokunemba okukhulu. Lo msebe ubangela ukuthi umthambo wegazi unciphe kancane kancane, uvale, futhi ungasebenzi isikhathi esingangezinyanga noma iminyaka. |
Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi yokulawula izimpawu ezifana nokuquleka noma ikhanda elibuhlungu.
Isikhathi sokuthola iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha!
Kuyisimo esiphuthumayo uma umuntu one-AVM eba nezimpawu ezithile.
Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ngokuzumayo ezwa "ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu empilweni yami", ukuxhuzula, ukulahlekelwa yilungu, noma ubunzima bokubona/ukukhuluma, hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha.
Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokopha ebuchosheni. Ukuthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha kungasindisa izimpilo futhi kunciphise ukulimala kobuchopho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-AVM iyisimila semithambo yegazi esingavamile kodwa esingaba yingozi esiba khona lapho kuzalwa.
- Ingozi enkulu neyingozi kakhulu yalokhu ukuthi kungaqhuma futhi kubangele ukopha ebuchosheni (stroke) .
- Iningi labantu alinazo izimpawu. Kodwa uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bekhanda obungazelelwe, obukhulu, ukuxhuzula, noma ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba wakho, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. Yiya ku -ETU ngokushesha.
- Namuhla, kunezindlela zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu njengokuhlinzwa, ukufakelwa kwezicubu, kanye nokuhlinzwa ngemisebe.
- Uma kutholakale ukuthi une-AVM, ungesabi. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile mayelana nokwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwesimo sakho.
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