Uyakhumbula ngesikhathi uya kudokotela wabeka leso sterethoscope esibandayo esifubeni nasemhlane wakho walalela ngokucophelela? Sonke sike saba nalokhu okuhlangenwe nakho. Awukaze uzibuze yini ukuthi, "Udokotela uzwani ngempela ngalokhu?" Impendulo yalowo mbuzo ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha esikhuluma ngakho namuhla okubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Auscultation.' Ungakhathazeki, kulula kakhulu, akunabuhlungu, kodwa kuyinto ebalulekile ekutshela okuningi ngempilo yakho.
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Kalula nje, kuyini i-auscultation?
Ukudonsa i-auscultation (okubizwa ngokuthi: "o-skul-ta-tion") kuyinqubo elula kakhulu. Kuhilela ukusebenzisa i-stethoscope ukulalela imisindo evela ezithweni zakho zangaphakathi, njengenhliziyo yakho , amaphaphu, imithambo yegazi, kanye namathumbu . Udokotela uzobeka i-stethoscope esifubeni sakho, entanyeni, emhlane, kanye nasesiswini bese ehlola izinto ezifana nohlobo, isivinini, ivolumu, kanye nesigqi sale misindo.
Lokhu ukuhlolwa okungenangozi nhlobo, okuphephile kakhulu. Futhi kungenye yezivivinyo ezindala kakhulu neziyisisekelo ezisasetshenziswa odokotela namuhla.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-auscultation kwenziwa nini?
Uma uya kohlolwa ngokomzimba njalo, udokotela wakho cishe uzokwenza lokhu kuhlolwa. Kukunikeza umbono ocacile wokuthi uhlelo lwakho lokujikeleza kwegazi , uhlelo lokuphefumula , kanye nohlelo lokugaya ukudla lusebenza kanjani.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi lolu vivinyo olulula luwusizo kakhulu ekuqondeni isimo sakho sempilo iyonke, kanye nokuqinisekisa noma ukukhipha noma yisiphi isimo sezokwelapha esisolwayo.
Yiziphi izindlela eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa i-auscultation?
Lokhu kuhlolwa kungahlukaniswa izingxenye eziningana, kuye ngokuthi udokotela ulalele isitho sini. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.
| Isitho esihlolayo | Indlela yokwenza lokhu nokuthi yini okufanele uyihlole |
|---|---|
| Inhliziyo | Uzohlala phansi noma ulale phansi nge-engeli engama-degree angu-45, bese i-stethoscope ibekwa ezindaweni ezahlukene esifubeni sakho. Lapha, udokotela uzolalela ngqo izindawo ezi-5 lapho ama-valve enhliziyo ezwakala khona ngokucacile. Bazobheka isikhathi sokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho., ukucaca komsindo (Ukuqina) , ukuphakama nokwehla komsindo (Ukuphindaphinda/Ukuphakama) , nokuthi ibhithi elilodwa lihlala isikhathi esingakanani (Ubude). |
| Amaphaphu | Uzocelwa ukuba uhlale uqonde futhi uphefumule ngokujulile ngomlomo wakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-stethoscope izobekwa ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zesifuba sakho kanye nomhlane ukuze kuqhathaniswe imisindo evela emaphashini akho ezinhlangothini zombili. Lokhu kuzobheka isikhathi sokuphefumula kwakho kanye nokukhipha umoya, ikhwalithi yomsindo, kanye nanoma yimiphi imisindo engavamile njengokushaya ikhwela. |
| Imithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi) | Imithambo yegazi emikhulu entanyeni, esiswini, nasezinso nayo ingalalelwa. Lapha, kuhlolwa umsindo ongajwayelekile obizwa ngokuthi i-bruit (umsindo 'ongajwayelekile' owenziwa lapho igazi ligeleza emithanjeni yegazi) kanye nesilinganiso sokushaya kwenhliziyo esibuthakathaka (ukuqina) . Lokhu kungasiza ekuboneni noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka ekugelezeni kwegazi. |
| Isisu | Uzolaliswa phansi bese i-stethoscope ibekwa ezindaweni ezahlukene zesisu sakho ukuze ulalele imisindo evela emathunjini akho. Lokhu kuzobheka ukuthi ungayizwa yini imisindo evela emathunjini akho (Ubukhona) , ukuthi uyizwa kangaki (Ubuningi) , kanye nekhwalithi yemisindo. |
Zisho ukuthini lezi misindo?
Manje ake sibone ukuthi le misindo evamile nengavamile ithini ngempilo yakho.
Imisindo Yenhliziyo
Ngokuvamile, inhliziyo enempilo ikhiqiza imisindo emibili enesigqi ebizwa ngokuthi "lub-dub". Le misindo ibizwa nangokuthi i-S1 kanye ne-S2. Le misindo ikhiqizwa lapho ama-valve enhliziyo evala.
Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ungase uzwe imisindo ehlukene, engavamile. Kodwa khumbula, akuzona zonke imisindo engavamile eziyisibonakaliso sesifo esibi.
| Umsindo ongavamile | Kungasho ukuthini |
|---|---|
| Ukububula Kwenhliziyo | Lona umsindo "wokushwibeka", ofana nomoya. Ungabangelwa ukuphazamiseka kokugeleza kwegazi ngama-valve enhliziyo. Nakuba okunye ukububula kungeyona ingozi, okunye kungaba uphawu lwesifo senhliziyo esibi kakhulu. |
| Ukuhlikihla kwe-pericardial friction | Umsindo omncane, ohlabayo, njengokungathi izingcezu ezimbili zesikhumba ziyahlikihlana. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukuvuvukala kwesikhwama esizungeze inhliziyo (i-pericarditis). |
| Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile | Izimo ezifana nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-atrial fibrillation), ukushesha kakhulu (i-tachycardia - ukushaya okungaphezu kwe-100 ngomzuzu), noma ukuhamba kancane kakhulu (i-bradycardia - ukushaya okungaphansi kwama-60 ngomzuzu). |
Imisindo Yamaphaphu
Amaphaphu aphilile akhiqiza umsindo othambile, ongenalutho uma uphefumula. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi ungazwa umsindo ohlukile.
| Umsindo ongavamile | Kungasho ukuthini |
|---|---|
| Ukuphefumula | Kuzwakala njengomsindo wokukhala kwekhwela ophansi. Lo msindo wenziwa lapho imigudu yomoya incishiswa yinto efana ne-mucus. Uvame ukuzwakala ezimweni ezifana ne-asthma noma i-COPD. |
| I-Rhonchi | Umsindo ohoshozelayo, wokuhogela. Kungabangelwa ukubhajwa kwe-mucus noma ezinye izinto emigudwini yomoya. Kungaba uphawu lwesimo esifana ne-pneumonia. |
| Ama-crackles | Umsindo othi "chit chit", ofana nezinwele ezimbili ezihlikihlana ndawonye. Lo msindo ubangelwa uketshezi oluqongelelana emaphashini (i-pneumonia, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo). |
| I-Stridor | Umsindo ophakeme, ovunguzayo owenziwa lapho uphefumula. Ubangelwa ukuvaleka komphimbo noma umgudu womoya ongaphezulu. Lokhu kungaba yisimo esiphuthumayo . |
Imisindo Yesisu
Ngokuvamile, amathumbu ethu enza umsindo othambile, "oqhumayo" njalo ngemizuzwana emi-5-10. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlelo lokugaya ukudla lusebenza kahle.
- Akukho msindo: Uma kungekho msindo ozwakalayo isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu emibili, kungaba uphawu lwesifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-ileus.
- Ukwehla komsindo: Uma imvamisa yemisindo iphansi noma umsindo uthambile kakhulu, kungase kube ngenxa yesimo esifana nokuqunjelwa.
- Umsindo owandayo: Uma uzwa imisindo eminingi, ephakeme kunokuvamile, kungaba uphawu lwesimo esifana nesifo sohudo.
- Ukubhonga noma imisindo ephezulu: Uma uzwa ukubhonga okungavamile noma imisindo ephansi iphuma emathunjini akho, kungaba uphawu lokuvaleka kwamathumbu.
Zikhona yini izindawo lapho odokotela belalela khona ngokukhethekile?
Yebo, kunjalo.
Kukhona indawo ekhethekile emhlane wakho ongenhla, phakathi kwamahlombe akho, ebizwa ngokuthi "unxantathu we-auscultation." Ungqimba lwemisipha kule ndawo luncane, ngakho-ke imisindo evela emaphashini ingezwakali kahle kakhulu.
Futhi, uma ulalele inhliziyo, kunezindawo ezi-5 eziqondile esifubeni lapho imisindo yama-valve enhliziyo izwakala khona kakhulu. Udokotela uzobeka i-stethoscope kulezi zindawo futhi azihlole.
Ngaphandle kokuthi uqaphela, umzimba wakho uhlala wenza imisindo ehlukene. Kufana neqembu lomculo. I-Auscultation iyithuba lokuthi udokotela abuze ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini izinsimbi zomculo kuleli qembu ezidlala ngokhiye ongafanele.
Ngakho-ke ngesikhathi esizayo udokotela wakho efaka i-stethoscope yakhe futhi elalele, ungesabi. Ingaveza ulwazi oluningi olubalulekile mayelana nempilo yakho. Uma uzwa into engavamile, ungalokothi unqikaze ukubuza udokotela wakho ngayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlola imisindo (Auscultation) inqubo yokulalela imisindo evela enhliziyweni yakho, emaphashini nasemathunjini usebenzisa i-stethoscope. Lokhu kuyindlela elula kakhulu, ephephile, futhi engenabuhlungu.
- Lokhu ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo okwenziwa nakanjani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuvamile.
- Nakuba le misindo engavamile inganikeza izinkomba zezimo ezahlukene zezokwelapha, akuwona wonke umsindo ongavamile owuphawu lokugula okukhulu.
- Leli ithuluzi elilodwa nje elisetshenziswa udokotela. Uma kukhona ukungabaza, bazokwenza ezinye izivivinyo ukuze bathole ukuxilongwa okunembile.
- Ungesabi ukubuza imibuzo ngalokho udokotela wakho akuzwile nokuthi kusho ukuthini. Kuyilungelo lakho ukwaziswa ngempilo yakho.
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