Uma umzimba wakho uhlasela ubuchopho bakho? (I-Autoimmune Encephalitis) Ake sifunde ngakho.

Wake wazibuza ukuthi kuzokwenzekani uma uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wakho, uhlelo lokuzivikela , luqala ukusebenza ngokumelene nobuchopho bakho? Kuzwakala kuyesabeka kancane, akunjalo? Yilolo hlobo lwesimo esizokhuluma ngaso namuhla, esibizwa ngokuthi i-Autoimmune Encephalitis (AE). Kalula nje, kwenzekani lapho uhlelo lwethu lokuzivikela, olusebenza njengomlindi emzimbeni wethu, luhlasela ngephutha amangqamuzana aphilile ebuchosheni bethu nezinto ezithwala imiyalezo phakathi kwawo. Kufana nonogada wethu wendlu ocabanga ukuthi siyisela bese esihlasela.

Ngakho-ke iyini le-encephalitis yokuzivikela komzimba?

Kulungile, ake sichaze kabanzi. I-Autoimmune Encephalitis (AE) akuyona isifo esisodwa, iyiqembu lezifo. Kuzo zonke lezi, kukhona ukuvuvukala , noma ukuvuvukala, ngaphakathi kobuchopho bakho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela sihlasela ngephutha amaprotheni athile kanye nama-neurotransmitter emaseli emizwa aphilile ebuchosheni bakho. Cabanga ngakho, ubuchopho bethu bufana nesistimu yekhompyutha eyinkimbinkimbi. Lawa maseli emizwa kanye nama-neurotransmitter afana nezintambo nezimpawu kuwo. Ngakho-ke, lapho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sihlasela, lonke uhlelo luyaphazamiseka. Yingakho kuvela izimpawu ezifana nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukuxhuzula, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo .

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu? Sikubona kanjani?

Ngenxa yokuthi kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-autoimmune encephalitis, izimpawu zingahluka kakhulu. Futhi, lezi zimpawu aziveli ngokuzumayo. Zikhula kancane kancane esikhathini esingamasonto kuya ezinyangeni. Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enalezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Nazi ezinye izinto ongase uzibone:

• Ukuzizwa sengathi amakhono akho okuqonda ayancipha kancane kancane. Kunjengokungathi ubuchopho bakho buyancipha kancane.
• Izinkinga zenkumbulo. Kuba nzima ukukhumbula izinto ezintsha, futhi ungase ukhohlwe nezinto ezindala.
• Ukudideka. Awukwazi ukuthola ukuthi ukuphi noma ukuthi wenzani.
• Ukuquleka. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukukulawula ngemithi ejwayelekile yokuquleka.
• Ukunyakaza okungajwayelekile. Isibonelo, ukunyakaza komlomo nobuso okuphindaphindiwe, ukunyakazisa imisipha, kanye nokusabela kokushaqeka ngisho nasentweni encane kakhulu (`impendulo yokushaqeka exakile`).
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma (i-aphasia). Ubunzima bokusungula amagama nokuveza imibono.
• Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi (i-ataxia) noma izinkinga zokuxhumanisa lapho uhamba. Ungase uhambe njengomuntu odakiwe.
• Izinkinga zengqondo (`Ingqondo`).Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukubona, ukuzwa, nokuzwa izinto ezingezona ezangempela (imibono engaqondakali). Kungaholela nasekukhohliseni nasekukhathazekeni, okuyizinkolelo ezingamanga abanye abazama ukukulimaza.

Okubalulekile: Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, akusho ukuthi une-Autoimmune Encephalitis. Kodwa-ke, uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, kungcono ukubona udokotela oqeqeshiwe ngokushesha bese uhlolwa.

Yiziphi ezinye izinkinga ezingabangelwa yilokhu?

I-autoimmune encephalitis ingadala izinkinga uma ingelashwa kahle, yingakho kubalulekile ukuqaphela lesi sifo bese uqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu.

• Ukukhubazeka okungapheli kwekhono lokucabanga ('Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo').
• Izimo zesifo sokuwa isikhathi eside (`status epilepticus`).
• I-Coma.
• Ngisho nokufa kungenzeka. Kodwa lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu uma kungafunwa ukwelashwa noma uma ukwelashwa kwephuza.

Kungani sinalokhu? Yiziphi izizathu?

Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi i-autoimmune encephalitis yenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba ethu enza ama-antibodies ngokumelene namaprotheni athile ebusweni bamangqamuzana ethu ezinzwa noma ngaphakathi kwawo. Lawa ma-antibodies ayabopha kulawo maphrotheni futhi awavimbe ukusebenza. Lokhu kubangela ukuvuvukala ebuchosheni.

Njengezimo eziningi zokuzivikela komzimba, akukaqondakali ngokugcwele ukuthi kungani amasosha omzimba ethu ehlasela amangqamuzana anempilo ngale ndlela. Kwezinye izimo, i-autoimmune encephalitis (AE) ingenzeka nomdlavuza. Odokotela bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi i-paraneoplastic AE. Kwezinye izimo, izifo ezifana negciwane le-herpes simplex nazo zingayibangela. Kodwa-ke, kubantu abaningi, akukho imbangela eyaziwayo ye-AE.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo?

Uma unalezi zinto, cishe ungaba nesifo sokuhlasela kwe-autoimmune encephalitis:

• Uma unomdlavuza noma uma uthola omusha, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane, i-thymoma, kanye nomdlavuza wesibeletho .
• Uma uke wathatha imithi ethile yokwelapha amasosha omzimba (izivimbeli zokuhlola amasosha omzimba) yomdlavuza .
• Uma uke waba nokutheleleka kobuchopho ngaphambilini (i-encephalitis ethelelanayo) .

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-autoimmune encephalitis (AE) ingakhula ngisho nangaphandle kwalezi zici eziyingozi.

Sitholakala kanjani lesi sifo? Yiziphi izivivinyo ezidingekayo?

Odokotela baxilonga i-autoimmune encephalitis ngokusekelwe ezimpawini ezibonakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa ekhombisa ukuvuvukala ngaphakathi kobuchopho bakho.

Njengoba kunezinye izimo eziningi ezingabangela izimpawu ezifanayo nalesi simo 'se-AE', kungadingeka ukuthi uhlolwe kaningana. Ngezinye izikhathi kungathatha amasonto ukuthola ukuxilongwa. Ungakhathazeki, odokotela bazokwenza okungcono kakhulu kuwe.

Lezi ezinye zezivivinyo nezindlela ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga i-AE:

• Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kanye nokuhlolwa komlando wakho wezokwelapha ophelele.
• Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okuhlobene nesimiso sezinzwa (`ukuhlolwa kwe-Neurological`).
• Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe zobuchopho. Isibonelo, ukuskena kwe-MRI yobuchopho (`Brain MRI`).
• Ukuhlolwa okuhilela ukuthatha uketshezi lomgogodla (`i-Spinal tap`).
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-EEG (i-Electroencephalogram). Lokhu kulinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wobuchopho.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi ancome ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze anqume ezinye izimo zezokwelapha.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Kunemigomo emibili eyinhloko yokwelapha i-autoimmune encephalitis: ukucindezela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela (i-immunosuppression) kanye nokususa isimila, uma sikhona.

Ukwelashwa komugqa wokuqala

Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza ngokunciphisa ukuvuvukala ebuchosheni.

• Ama-Corticosteroids - Lena imithi enamandla enciphisa ukuvuvukala.
• Ama-immunoglobulin e-IV (IVIG) - Lawa ayisisombululo esiqukethe ama-antibodies anempilo. Anikezwa ngemithambo yegazi.
• I-Plasmapheresis - Lena inqubo lapho ama-antibodies ayingozi esuswa egazini lakho bese igazi elihlanziwe libuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho.

Kuthiwani uma lokhu kwelashwa kungaphumeleli?

Uma ukwelashwa kokuqala kungalethi imiphumela efiselekayo, odokotela bangase bacabangele ezinye izindlela zokwelapha, ezifana nalezi:

• I-Rituximab - Lolu uhlobo lomjovo we-antibody ye-monoclonal.
• I-Cyclophosphamide - Lokhu kusetshenziswa futhi njengomuthi we-chemotherapy.

Kuthiwani uma kukhona isimila?

Uma kutholakale ukuthi unesimila, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingancoma ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa kanye/noma ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali . Lokhu kungasiza ekusheshiseni ukuphulukiswa kwesimo sakho se-AE.

Ukuphathwa kwezimpawu

Ungadinga imithi eyengeziwe yokulawula izimpawu ze-AE:

• Imithi yokulwa nokuquleka- Nciphisa noma uvimbele ukuquleka kwesifo sokuwa.
• Imithi yokwelapha ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi imithi yokucindezeleka kanye nemithi yokukhathazeka.
• Uma kukhona ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo (`i-psychosis`), khona-ke kunikezwa imithi yalokho (`imithi yokulwa nesifo sengqondo`).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa ngokomsebenzi, kanye/noma ukwelashwa ngenkulumo kungaba usizo kakhulu ekusheshiseni ukululama kwakho.

Lesi sifo singalapheka ngezinga elingakanani?

Impumelelo yokwelashwa kwe-autoimmune encephalitis (AE) iyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Abanye abantu basabela kahle ezinsukwini zokuqala zokwelashwa. Abanye kungadingeka bathathe ukwelashwa amasonto noma izinyanga.

Kunzima ngodokotela ukubikezela ngqo ukuthi umzimba wakho uzosabela kanjani ekwelashweni. Kodwa bazoqapha isimo sakho eduze futhi bakugcine unolwazi. Themba ukuthi odokotela bazokusiza.

Kuyini ukubikezela kokugula komuntu onalesi sifo?

Ngokuvamile, uma i-autoimmune encephalitis itholakala futhi yelashwa kusenesikhathi, ingozi yezinkinga zesikhathi eside kanye nokubuyela emuva ingancishiswa.

Kodwa i-AE ayifani kuwo wonke umuntu. Uma unezinye izimo zezokwelapha, njengomdlavuza, lokho kungathinta nombono wakho. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingakunikeza umbono omuhle wokuthi yini ongayilindela.

Ingabe lokhu kuyisifo sokuphila konke?

Esikhathini esiningi, i-autoimmune encephalitis isabela kahle ekwelashweni futhi iba ngcono. Kodwa-ke, kwabanye abantu, lokhu kungathatha isikhathi eside. Futhi, i-AE ingabuya (ukubuyela emuva), ikakhulukazi uma umdlavuza wakho ungasabeli kahle ekwelashweni.

I-autoimmune encephalitis yisimo esibi esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo. Ngenxa yokuthi kunezinhlobo ezahlukene, izimpawu zingahluka, futhi ukuxilongwa kungathatha isikhathi. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizosebenzisana ukuthola lesi simo futhi liqale ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Igama elithi Autoimmune Encephalitis lingase lesabe kancane, kodwa ukuqaphela kungakusiza ukuthi uthathe isinyathelo ngokushesha uma kuvela izimpawu.

• Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi amasosha akho omzimba ahlasela ubuchopho bakho.
• Izimpawu ezifana nezinkinga zenkumbulo, ukudideka, isifo sokuwa, ukunyakaza okungavamile, ubunzima bokukhuluma, kanye nezinguquko zengqondo zingase zibe khona.
• Uma unalezi zimpawu, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxilonga lesi sifo bese uqala ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi.
• Kukhona ukwelashwa, futhi abantu abaningi bayalulama.
• Ngezinye izikhathi lesi sifo singaphinde sibuye, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Uma wena noma othile omaziyo eneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela. Bayajabula kakhulu ukukusiza.

` I-Autoimmune Encephalitis, Ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, Isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, Isithuthwane, Ukugula kwengqondo