Wake wazibuza ukuthi ama-trillion amangqamuzana angaphakathi kwemizimba yethu aqhubeka kanjani esebenza kahle iminyaka? Njengemoto, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ezinye izingxenye zamangqamuzana ethu ziyaguga, ziqhekeke, futhi zibe yize. Ngakho-ke kwenzekani kulo 'doti' oqongelelekile? Umzimba wethu uzihlanza kanjani kulokhu? Yilapho isikhulumi sethu, inqubo emangalisayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-Autophagy (ebizwa ngokuthi i-auto-phagy), ingena khona. Lokhu kubalulekile empilweni yomzimba wethu. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.
Kuyini i-autophagy kalula?
Kalula nje, i-autophagy inqubo lapho amangqamuzana emzimbeni wethu ezihlanza futhi ezilungisa khona. Kufana nokuthi sisusa udoti oqongeleleka emakhaya ethu nsuku zonke bese siphinda sisebenzise izinto ezingasetshenziswa.
Cabanga ngendlu yakho. Senzani uma siqoqa izinto ezindala, izihlalo eziphukile, namaphepha angenamsebenzi? Ezinye zazo siyazilahla, ezinye sithatha izingxenye ezinhle bese senza into entsha. I-Autophagy uhlobo 'lokuhlanza okujulile' kanye 'nokuvuselela kabusha' okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana ethu.
Zonke izicubu kanye nesitho somzimba wethu zakhiwe ngamabhlogo okwakha ayisisekelo abizwa ngokuthi amaseli. Ngaphakathi kweseli ngalinye kunezingxenye eziningi ezincane ezisiza ekwenzeni umsebenzi walo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ezinye zalezi zingxenye ziba yizibi, zonakale, noma zibe 'udoti' ongenamsebenzi. Inqubo ye-autophagy ifuna lezi zingcezu ezingenamsebenzi, izihlukanise, futhi ithathe izinto ezisebenzisekayo kuzo ukuze yakhe izingxenye ezintsha zeseli. Isusa izingxenye ezingenamsebenzi.
Lokhu kufana 'nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi' ezingeni leseli. Lapho iseli ligcwala imfucuza engadingekile, umsebenzi weseli uyancipha. I-Autophagy isusa lemfucuza, isiza ukugcina ukusebenza kahle kweseli kusezingeni eliphezulu.
Kungani i-autophagy ibaluleke kangaka emizimbeni yethu?
I-Autophagy akuyona nje inqubo yokuhlanza. Kubalulekile ekusindeni nasekuphileni kwamaseli ethu. Kunezizathu eziningana eziyinhloko zalokhu:
- Ukuvuselela izingxenye ezonakele: Izingxenye zamaseli ezindala, ezingasebenzi kahle ziguqulwa zibe izingxenye ezintsha, ezisebenzayo. Kufana nokuncibilikisa insimbi endala ukuze kwenziwe umkhiqizo omusha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iseli akudingeki lithathe izinto zokusetshenziswa elizidingayo ukuze lenze izingxenye ezintsha.
- Ukususa izingxenye ezingadingekile: Amaseli asusa izingxenye ezingenamsebenzi ezithatha isikhala futhi ziphazamise imisebenzi yazo. Lokhu kwandisa ukusebenza kweseli.
- Ukuvikelwa ezifweni: I-Autophagy iyasiza futhi ekutholeni nasekubhubhiseni amagciwane, njengama-virus namabhaktheriya, ahlasela amaseli ethu. Iyingxenye ebalulekile yesimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela.
- Ukulawula ukuguga:Njengoba siguga, le nqubo ye-Autophagy iyehla. Ngemuva kwalokho, 'udoti' uqala ukuqongelela ngaphakathi kwamaseli. Ngenxa yalokho, amaseli ayayeka ukusebenza kahle. Leso yisinye sezizathu ezenza ingozi yokuthola izifo ikhule njengoba siguga. Kukholakala ukuthi ukugcina inqubo ye-Autophagy kahle kusisiza ukuthi sihlale siphilile futhi sisebasha.
Le nqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-Autophagy yenzeka kanjani?
Igama lingase lizwakale liyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Igama elithi autophagy lakhiwe ngamagama amabili esiGreki.
- "Autos" isho 'uqobo'.
- Igama elithi "Phagomai" lisho 'ukudla'.
Lokho kusho ‘ukuzidla.’ Lokho okwenziwa yiseli empeleni ‘ukudla’ izingxenye zalo ezingafuneki nokuzihlanza.
Le nqubo yenzeka kanje:
1. Okokuqala, iseli libona izingxenye ezonakele noma ezingafuneki ngaphakathi kwalo.
2. Bese kuba khona 'isikhwama' esikhethekile esibizwa ngokuthi ``i-Autophagosome'' esizungeze lezi zingcezu zodoti. Lokhu kufana nalapho siqoqa udoti bese siwufaka esikhwameni sikadoti.
3. Okulandelayo, lesi 'sikhwama sikadoti' siya engxenyeni yeseli ebizwa ngokuthi `(Lysosome)`. `(Lysosome)` sifana `(Recycling Centre)` yeseli.
4. Ama-enzyme anamandla ngaphakathi kwalesi sikhungo agaya imfucuza, noma ayihlukanise ibe yizicucu ezincane.
5. Ngemva kokuhlukaniswa ngale ndlela, izinto zokusetshenziswa eziwusizo (isibonelo, ama-amino acid) zisetshenziswa kabusha yiseli. Lezi zingasetshenziswa ukwenza amaprotheni amasha nezingxenye ezintsha ezidingwa yiseli.
Ngale ndlela, iseli lisebenzisa izinsiza zalo ukuze lizigcine lihlanzekile futhi liphilile.
Inqubo ye-autophagy iqala nini?
I-Autophagy yinto ehlala yenzeka ezingeni elithile kumaseli ethu. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile, le nqubo iyashesha.
Kalula nje, le nqubo iyasheshiswa lapho amaseli ebhekana nokucindezeleka. Ezinye zezindlela eziyinhloko lokhu kucindezeleka okungenzeka ngazo yilezi:
- Ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo: Lapho amangqamuzana engatholi izakhamzimba azidingayo.
- Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo: Lapho inani lomoya-mpilo lifika emaseli liyancipha.
- Ukulimala kweseli: Lapho amaseli onakele ngenxa yokutheleleka, ubuthi, noma esinye isizathu.
Cabanga nje uvaleleke ngaphandle kokudla noma isiphuzo. Wenzani? Usebenzisa izinsiza onazo ngokucophelela, akunjalo? Amaseli anjalo. Uma ukudla kungaveli ngaphandle, 'adla' izingxenye ezindala, ezingadingekile ngaphakathi kwawo ukuze enze amandla nezinto zokusetshenziswa ukuze aphile. Lokhu kuyi-Autophagy. Ngamanye amazwi, lena yindlela yokuzivikela ebaluleke kakhulu yokusinda kweseli.
Singakwazi yini ukukhuthaza i-Autophagy ngokuthanda kwethu?
Yebo, ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ngokwenza izinguquko ezithile endleleni yethu yokuphila kanye nokunikeza ukucindezeleka okulawulwayo kumaseli, singakhuthaza inqubo ye-autophagy. Kunezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko zokwenza lokhu.
| Indlela | Indlela okwenzeka ngayo kanye nencazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuzila ukudla | Lena yindlela enamandla kakhulu yokukhuthaza i-autophagy. Uma uhlala amahora ungadli, umzimba wakho uncishwa izakhamzimba ezivela ezweni langaphandle. Lokhu kuphoqa umzimba wakho ukuba ubhidlize izingxenye ezingafuneki zamaseli awo ukuze ukhiqize amandla. |
| Ukunqunyelwa kwamakhalori | Lokhu kuhlukile ekuzileni ukudla. Okwenzayo lapha ukunciphisa inani lamakhalori owadla nsuku zonke. Esikhundleni sokuyeka ngokuphelele ukudla, ukunciphisa inani owadlayo kungabeka ingcindezi emaseli akho futhi kukhuthaze inqubo ye-autophagy. |
| Ukudla Okuthile | Ukudla, ikakhulukazi ukudla kwe-Keto, okuwukudla okunamafutha amaningi, okunama-carbohydrate aphansi, kuphoqa umzimba ukuthi ushise amafutha esikhundleni sama-carbohydrate ukuze uthole amandla. Lokhu kushintsha komthombo wamandla nakho kuvuselela inqubo ye-autophagy. |
| Ukuzivocavoca umzimba | Uma sizivocavoca, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca okunamandla, amangqamuzana ethu emisipha ayacindezeleka. Lokhu kucindezeleka kuphinde kuvuselele inqubo ye-autophagy, esiza ekulungiseni imicu yemisipha eyonakele. |
Isixwayiso esibaluleke kakhulu!
Kodwa nansi into ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukulandela lezi zindlela zokukhuthaza i-Autophagy akuwona umqondo omuhle kuwo wonke umuntu. Futhi, lokhu akuwona umqondo omuhle ukukwenza ngaphandle kweseluleko sezokwelapha.
Ngokwesibonelo,
- Omama abakhulelwe
- Omama abancelisayo
- Abantu abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona ezifana nesifo sikashukela
- Labo abathola ukwelashwa kwesinye isimo sezokwelapha
Ukuzila ukudla noma ukunciphisa amakhalori kungaba yingozi kulaba bantu, futhi akuwona umqondo omuhle ukuqala ngokuzumayo ukuzivocavoca okunzima ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko ezinkulu ekudleni kwakho, ukuzama ukuzila ukudla, noma ukuqala isimiso esisha sokuzilolonga esinzima , qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Uzohlola impilo yakho futhi akunikeze iseluleko ngalokho okukulungele.
Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-autophagy nesifo?
Ososayensi babecabanga ukuthi i-autophagy yayimane nje inqubo enakekela 'ukugcinwa' kwamaseli. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwamuva luthole ukuthi nayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni nasekulweni nezifo.
Ukuntuleka noma ukungajwayelekile enqubweni ye-autophagy kungahlotshaniswa nezimo ezahlukahlukene zesifo. Isibonelo:
- Isifo sikaParkinson
- Isifo sikaHuntington
- Isifo sikashukela
- Isifo senhliziyo
- Isifo sikaCrohn
- Isifo sezinso nesibindi
I-Autophagy inezici ezimbili uma kukhulunywa ngomdlavuza. Ezinye izifundo zisikisela ukuthi uma le nqubo ihamba kahle, ivimbela ukuqongelela 'kwemfucumfucu' ngaphakathi kwamaseli, yonakalise i-DNA futhi ivimbele ukwakheka komdlavuza. Ngamanye amazwi, isebenza njengohlelo lokuzivikela oluvimbela ukwakheka komdlavuza.
Kodwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kutholakale ukuthi ngemva kokuba umdlavuza uqalile, i-autophagy ingondla amangqamuzana omdlavuza, iwasize ukuba asinde futhi akhule kangcono.
Ngakho-ke, kusenocwaningo oluningi oluqhubekayo kule ndawo. Ucwaningo oluningi lwamanje alwenziwanga kubantu. Lwenziwe ezilwaneni ezifana namagundane. Ngakho-ke, kusesenesikhathi kakhulu ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi i-autophagy izosetshenziswa kanjani njengokwelapha izifo.
Kulezi zinsuku, abanye abantu babona i-Autophagy 'njengomlingo' wokuhlala usemusha futhi uphilile. Kodwa indaba ayilula kangako. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi i-Autophagy iyinqubo ebalulekile yamaseli anempilo. Kuyiqiniso futhi ukuthi ukuntuleka kwe-Autophagy kuhlotshaniswa nezinye izifo. Kodwa-ke, abukho ubufakazi obanele besayensi bokuncoma ukukhuthaza i-Autophagy njengesu lokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Autophagy inqubo yemvelo yokuhlanza nokuvuselela eyenzeka ezingeni lamaseli emzimbeni wethu.
- Lokhu kubalulekile ekugcineni amangqamuzana ephilile, ukukhiqiza amandla, nokuvikela ezifweni.
- Le nqubo ingase yehle ngokwemvelo njengoba sikhula.
- Nakuba ukuzila ukudla, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, kanye nezindlela ezithile zokudla kungakhuthaza i-autophagy, akufanele noma akuphephile kuwo wonke umuntu.
- Njalo thintana nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko ezinkulu endleleni yakho yokuphila noma emikhubeni yokudla, ikakhulukazi ngenhloso yokukhuthaza i-Autophagy. Gwema ukuyizama ngaphandle kweseluleko sezokwelapha, ngoba 'kuyicebo lezempilo' elilula.
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