Wake wazibuza ukuthi umkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane uphela kanjani ezinsukwini ezimbalwa? Noma ukuthi ukugonywa kwabantwana kusivikela kanjani ezifweni ezithile impilo yonke? Ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu kukhona ibutho elincane kodwa elinamandla kakhulu ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu, elingabonakali ngeso lenyama. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesosha elikhethekile kakhulu kulelo butho. Lawo amaseli e-B .
Kalula nje, angobani la ma-B cell?
Amaseli e-B awuhlobo lwamaseli amhlophe egazi emzimbeni wethu. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, awuhlobo olukhethekile lwamaseli oluyingxenye yeqembu lamaseli amhlophe egazi abizwa ngokuthi ama-lymphocyte. Cabanga ukuthi umzimba wethu uyizwe elikhulu. Khona-ke isimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela siyibutho lokuzivikela lalelo zwe. Kunezimpi ezahlukene kuleli butho. Ngokufanayo, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela.
Phakathi kwalawa, amaseli e-B anomthwalo wemfanelo obaluleke kakhulu. Okusho ukuthi, akhiqiza izikhali zokulwa nezitha ezifana namagciwane namabhaktheriya angena emizimbeni yethu. Kwezokwelapha, sibiza lezi zikhali ngokuthi ama-antibodies . Lawa maprotheni abizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies asetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa amagciwane abangela izifo angena emizimbeni yethu.
Kanye namaseli e-B, elinye ilungu elibalulekile lesimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela komzimba amaseli e-T. Nakuba amaseli e-B efana nezimboni ezenza izikhali, amaseli e-T afana nabaphathi abaya ngqo empini ukuyobhubhisa izitha noma ukuqondisa impi. Ndawonye, lawa amabili asivikela ezifweni.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamaseli e-B.
Njengasemabuthweni ethu okuphepha, kunezinhlobo zamaseli e-B enza imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ngokuyinhloko.
| Uhlobo lweseli B | Umsebenzi owenziwayo |
|---|---|
| Amaseli e-Plasma | Laba "ngabakhiqizi bezikhali." Uma igciwane lingena emzimbeni, lawa maseli akhiqiza inani elikhulu lama-antibodies ukuze alwe nalo. Ubuwazi ukuthi iseli elilodwa le-plasma lingakhiqiza ama-antibodies angaba ngu-2,000 ngomzuzwana? Yileyo ndlela laba bantu abaphumelela ngayo. Kodwa isikhathi sabo sokuphila sifushane kancane. |
| Amaseli Enkumbulo | Laba “izinhloli” noma “abagcini bemibhalo.” Lokho okwenziwa yilawa maseli ukukhumbula imininingwane yesitha ngasinye (igciwane) elingena emzimbeni. Okusho ukuthi, uma igciwane elingene emzimbeni libuya, lawa maseli enkumbulo ayaliqaphela ngokushesha futhi atshele amasosha omzimba ngalo. Khona-ke amaseli e-plasma angenza ngokushesha ama-antibodies adingekayo futhi abhubhise leso sitha ngaphambi kokuba sibangele izifo. Imithi yokugoma esikunika yona iyasebenza ngoba ivuselela inkumbulo yalawa maseli enkumbulo. |
Ake sithi wawunesifo se-measles useyingane. Noma ukuthi wagonyelwa isifo se-measles. Amaseli e-memory B emzimbeni wakho akhumbula kahle igciwane le-measles. Uma igciwane le-measles lizama ukungena emzimbeni wakho futhi, lawa maseli e-measles ayalibona ngokushesha nje lapho elibona futhi athumele isignali ebuthweni. Ngenxa yalokho, ngeke uphinde uthole isifo se-measles. Lelo yikhono elimangalisayo lala maseli e-memory.
Inqubo emangalisayo esebenza ngayo amaseli e-B
Indlela amaseli e-B asabela ngayo lapho igciwane lingena emzimbeni iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi iyamangaza kakhulu. Ake sikuqonde ngezinyathelo ezimbalwa ezilula.
1. Ukuhlonza isitha: Okokuqala, "iseli eliqaphayo" (iseli eliveza i-Antigen - i-APC) ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba libamba isitha (igciwane/amagciwane) esingene emzimbeni. Ebusweni balezi zitha, kukhona uphawu olukhethekile olungazibona. Lubizwa ngokuthi i-antigen . Lufana ne-tattoo emzimbeni wesigebengu. Iseli eliqaphayo libamba lesi sitha futhi libonise i-antigen yaso (i-tattoo) ebusweni baso. Kufana nokukhombisa wonke umuntu ukuthi "Lona yisela."
2. Ukwazisa abalawuli: Uphawu lwesitha oluboniswa ngale ndlela lubonwa ngumphathi okhethekile ebuthweni lethu, okungukuthi, iseli T elisizayo . Lapho nje iseli T libona lokhu, liyasebenza. Nguye ozonikeza umyalo kumaseli B.
3. Ukusebenza kweseli le-B: Iseli le-T elisebenzayo liyahamba bese linamathela kuseli le-B elifanele, lithumele isignali "yokulungiselela impi." Lapho lithola lesi signali, iseli le-B liqala ukuhlukana, lenze izinkulungwane zamakhophi (ama-clone) alo.
4. Ukuhlukana kube amandla amabili: Amanye amaseli e-B akha ngale ndlela aba amaseli e-plasma . Enye ingxenye iba amaseli enkumbulo futhi ilungele izimpi zesikhathi esizayo.
5. Ukuhlasela kwama-antibody:Uma sezingamaseli e-plasma, ziqala ukukhiqiza izigidi zama-antibodies aklanyelwe ngqo ukuhlasela isitha sokuqala. Lawa ma-antibodies afana nemicibisholo ebuyela ekhaya. Ayahamba futhi anamathele ezitheni kuwo wonke umzimba, awabhubhise noma awasebenze. Lena yindlela esilulama ngayo ekuguleni.
Akhiqizwa kuphi amaseli e-B emzimbeni wethu?
Uma sisesibelethweni sikamama njengemibungu, amangqamuzana e-B akhiqizwa esibindini. Kodwa ngemva kokuzalwa, amangqamuzana e-B akhiqizwa emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo. Umnkantshe wamathambo yingxenye ethambile yamathambo ethu amakhulu. Lawa maseli e-B akhiqizwa ngamaseli okuqala e-hematopoietic lapho. Ngemva kokuvuthwa, lawa maseli e-B ayahamba aye e-spleen nasema-lymph node, okuyizingxenye ezibalulekile zesistimu yethu ye-lymphatic, futhi abike emsebenzini.
Kwenzekani uma umsebenzi wamaseli e-B uphazamiseka?
Amasosha ethu omzimba awasebenzi kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi, izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwamaseli e-B zingaholela ezifweni ezinkulu.
| Isigaba sesifo | Kwenzekani kanye nezibonelo |
|---|---|
| Izifo Zokuzivikela Ezizenzakalelayo | Lesi yisimo esidabukisayo kakhulu. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi amangqamuzana ethu e-B awakwazi ukuhlukanisa "umngane nesitha." Okusho ukuthi, amangqamuzana e-B aqala ukwenza ama-antibodies ngokumelene namangqamuzana ethu aphilile. Kufana nokuthi ibutho lethu liyasihlasela. Izibonelo:
|
| Umdlavuza | Ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwamaseli e-B, aqala ukuhlukana ngokungalawuleki. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwenani elikhulu lamaseli e-B angavamile kungaholela kumdlavuza. Izibonelo:
|
Wazi kanjani ukuthi izinga lamaseli akho e-B lijwayelekile?
Umuntu omdala ojwayelekile unama-lymphocyte aphakathi kuka-1,000 no-4,800 nge-microliter ngayinye yegazi. Kula ma-lymphocyte, aphakathi kuka-10% no-20% angama-B cell.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC) okwenziwa udokotela wakho kungakunikeza umbono wenani eliphelele lama-lymphocyte emzimbeni wakho. Kodwa-ke, uma udinga ulwazi mayelana namaseli akho e-B, kuzodingeka ube nokuhlolwa okukhethekile okubizwa ngokuthi iphrofayili ye-lymphocyte . Ngokusekelwe kule miphumela yokuhlolwa, udokotela wakho kuphela onganquma ukuthi amazinga eseli lakho le-B aphezulu noma aphansi nokuthi iyini imbangela. Ngakho-ke uma unenkinga ngokuhlolwa kwegazi lakho, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho.
Sizigcina kanjani isimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela kanye namaseli e-B aqinile?
Akukho ikhambi eliyisimangaliso eliqondile lokwandisa inani lamaseli e-B ngokwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, ngokugcina isimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela siphelele siphilile futhi sinamandla, singasiza amaseli ethu e-B ukuthi enze umsebenzi wawo kahle. Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale njengezinto ezilula kuwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela izivikelo zethu ukuba zingabi nzima kakhulu.
- Thola yonke imijovo enconywayo: Imijovo iyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqeqesha amaseli ethu enkumbulo B.
- Yidla ukudla okunomsoco: Faka ukudla okucebile ngamavithamini namaminerali, njengemifino, izithelo, kanye nemifino eluhlaza.
- Lawula ukucindezeleka: Ukucindezeleka ngokweqile kwenza amasosha omzimba abe buthaka. Unganciphisa ukucindezeleka ngezinto ezifana nokuzindla, ukuzivocavoca, kanye nokuzibandakanya nokuzijabulisa.
- Gwema utshwala nokubhema: Lokhu kulimaza ngqo amasosha omzimba.
- Lala ngokwanele: Ukulala kahle amahora angu-7-8 ngosuku kubalulekile ukuze amasosha omzimba alulame.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo: Ukuzivocavoca umzimba okulingene okungenani imizuzu eyi-150 ngesonto kuhle kakhulu empilweni yakho.
- Hlala uhlanzekile: Ukugeza izandla zakho ngensipho njalo kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwamagciwane angafuneki.
Amaseli e-B angamaqhawe amancane emizimbeni yethu asebenza buthule kodwa njalo. Ngaphandle kwawo, besingeke sikwazi ukwenza ama-antibodies. Ngaphandle kwama-antibodies, ngisho nomkhuhlane nje ungasenza sigule kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, sonke masizame ukunakekela laba bavikeli bethu abancane futhi sigcine amasosha ethu omzimba eqinile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Amaseli e-B awuhlobo olukhethekile lwamaseli amhlophe egazini ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela olukhiqiza ama-antibodies okulwa namagciwane.
- Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamaseli e-B: amaseli e-plasma, alwa njengamanje, namaseli enkumbulo, akhumbula izitha.
- Imijovo isebenza ngokuvuselela amangqamuzana enkumbulo, ngaleyo ndlela isivikele ekutholeni leso sifo esikhathini esizayo.
- Ukungasebenzi kahle kwamaseli e-B kungaholela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu njengezifo ezizimele kanye nomdlavuza.
- Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukulala, ukuvivinya umzimba, nokulawula ukucindezeleka) singagcina amasosha ethu omzimba eqinile.
- Uma unenkinga mayelana nokuhlolwa kwegazi lakho noma amasosha omzimba, xhumana nodokotela wakho njalo.
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