Zicabange ulula isandla sakho ukuze uthole inkomishi yetiye. Ngaleso sikhathi, yisandla sakho kuphela esiqonda ngqo kuyo, kanti wonke umzimba wakho awunyakazi, akunjalo? Noma izinqumo ezincane ozenzayo usuku lonke, injabulo oyizwayo, imikhuba yakho... Konke lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ebuchosheni obungemuva kwayo, kodwa namuhla sikhuluma ngengxenye yayo esingakhulumi kakhulu ngayo. Lokhu yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-Basal Ganglia kwezesayensi yezokwelapha. Nakuba leli gama liyinqaba kancane, umsebenzi walo uyamangalisa kakhulu.
Iyini i-Basal Ganglia?
Kalula nje, i-basal ganglia iyiqoqo lamaseli ezinzwa engxenyeni ejulile, ephakathi yobuchopho bakho. Akuyona ingxenye eyodwa kuphela, kodwa iqoqo lezingxenye eziningi. Lezi zingxenye zixhumene futhi zisiza ukuxhumana imiyalezo phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene zobuchopho. Kufana nebhodi lesifunda eliyinkimbinkimbi kudivayisi kagesi. Leli bhodi lesifunda yilona elivumela izingxenye ezahlukene zobuchopho ukuthi zihlangane futhi zisebenzisane ukuze zifinyelele umgomo ofanayo.
Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuphatha izimpawu ezithunyelwa ebuchosheni ukuze zinyakazise imisipha yakho. Kodwa yenza okungaphezu kwalokho.
Kwenzekani ngempela ngalokhu?
Ucwaningo lusaqhubeka mayelana nomsebenzi we-basal ganglia. Izinto ezintsha zitholakala cishe nsuku zonke. Kodwa okwamanje, siyazi ngemisebenzi embalwa ebalulekile.
Ukulawula ukunyakaza
Lona umsebenzi owaziwa kakhulu we-basal ganglia. Ake sithi ufuna ukuthatha incwadi. Ngaleso sikhathi, ubuchopho bakho buthumela isignali emisipheni esesandleni sakho buthi, "Kulungile, thatha incwadi manje." Lesi signali sidlula kwi-basal ganglia ngaphambi kokuya ngqo emisipheni.
I-basal ganglia isebenza njengomlindi wesango. Ibheka izimpawu zokunyakaza ezivela ebuchosheni bese izivuma, ithi, "Kulungile, lesi signali silungile, sidinga ukusithumela." Noma izilahle, ithi, "Cha, lesi signali esingafuneki, sidinga ukusimisa."
Le nqubo yokuhlunga ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngoba yilokho okusivumela ukuthi senze ukunyakaza esikufunayo kuphela, ngokushelela, ngaphandle kokujikijela okungadingekile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uma welula ingalo yakho, intamo yakho izojika, umlenze wakho uzolula, futhi uzoba nokunyakaza okungajwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi siyeke ukunyakaza okungadingekile futhi sivumele ukunyakaza okudingekayo kuphela ukuthi kwenziwe ngokushelela .
I-basal ganglia ithola ulwazi oluvela ezinzwa zethu ezinhlanu (amehlo, izindlebe, impumulo, ulimi, kanye nesikhumba). Ingasebenzisa lolu lwazi futhi ukulungisa ukunyakaza kwethu.
Ukwenza izinqumo kanye nemizwa
Ngaphezu kokunyakaza, i-basal ganglia iyasiza futhi ekulawuleni ukwenza kwakho izinqumo, ukuhlolwa kwengozi, imizwa, kanye nesisusa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ufunda okuthile okusha, wakha imikhuba, futhi uhlela futhi wenze umsebenzi, i-basal ganglia ihilelekile kuzo zonke lezi zinto.
Injabulo, umlutha kanye nemikhuba
Uma wenza okuthile, uzizwa unomuzwa womvuzo, akunjalo? I-basal ganglia nayo ihilelekile ezinqubweni zamakhemikhali ebuchosheni ezikhiqiza leyo njabulo. Futhi, ngoba ilawula imikhuba kanye nesisusa sokwenza okuthile, umsebenzi wale ngxenye uthinta nezimo ezifana nokulutha izidakamizwa nezinye izinto . Uma okuthile kukunikeza injabulo, ubuchopho bethu bushukumiseleka ukukwenza kaninginingi. I-basal ganglia iyisikhungo esibalulekile esilawula le nqubo.
Zikuphi lezi zinto ebuchosheni? Ziyini lezi zingxenye?
Ama-basal ganglia atholakala ekujuleni kobuchopho, eduze nesikhungo sobuchopho. Sithe lesi akusona isakhiwo esisodwa. Sinezingxenye eziningana eziyinhloko. Ake sibheke ngokushesha lezo zingxenye kuthebula elingezansi.
| Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-basal ganglia | Isingeniso esilula |
|---|---|
| I-nucleus ye-caudate | Ifaka isandla ezinqubweni ezihlobene nokufunda kanye nenkumbulo. |
| I-Putamen | Kusiza ekulawuleni ukunyakaza kanye nezinqubo ezahlukene zokufunda. |
| I-Globus pallidus | Ingxenye ebalulekile yokulawula ukunyakaza kokuzithandela. |
| I-nucleus engaphansi kwe-Subthalamic | Ukubandakanyeka ekulawuleni ukunyakaza nokwenza izinqumo. |
| I-Substantia nigra | Ikhiqiza ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-dopamine, ebalulekile enjabulweni nasekulawuleni ukunyakaza. |
Lezi zingxenye zixhumene, ezinye izimpawu ziyavusa kanti ezinye ziyavimbela. Le nqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yiyo eyenza umzimba wethu ulawulwe kahle kangaka.
Zenziwe ngani lezi?
I-basal ganglia yakhiwe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamaseli ohlelweni lwezinzwa.
1. Ama-Neuron: Lawa “ayizithunywa” zesimiso sethu sezinzwa. Lawa maseli athwala izimpawu ezizungeze ubuchopho nomzimba. Kunezingxenye eziningana eziyinhloko ze-neuron.
- Umzimba weseli: Ingxenye eyinhloko yeseli.
- I-Axon: Ingxenye ende, efana nengalo esukela emzimbeni weseli. Yilapho izimpawu zihanjiswa khona.
- Ama-dendrite: Izakhiwo ezincane, ezinamagatsha ezithola izimpawu ezivela kwamanye ama-neuron.
- I-Myelin: Igobolondo elinamafutha elizungeze ama-axon athile elisiza izimpawu ukuba zihambe ngokushesha.
2. Amaseli e-Glial: Lawa afana "namaseli okusiza" kuma-neuron. Nakuba engadlulisi izimpawu ngqo, asiza ukondla, ukuvikela, nokugcina ukusebenza kahle kwama-neuron. Kunamaseli e-glial aphindwe kayishumi kunama-neuron ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa.
Yiziphi izifo ezithinta i-basal ganglia?
Ngenxa yokuthi zenza imisebenzi ebaluleke kangaka, ukulimala kwe-basal ganglia kungaholela ezimweni ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye zazo kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngazo.
| Isigaba sesifo | Izibonelo |
|---|---|
| Izinkinga Zokunyakaza | Isifo sikaParkinson, isifo sikaHuntington, kanye neTourette syndrome |
| Izinkinga zengqondo nezokuziphatha | Ukulutheka, Isifo Sokungakwazi Ukunaka Okungapheli (ADHD), Isifo i-Alzheimer's |
| Ezinye izizathu | Isifo sohlangothi, izimila zobuchopho, ukulimala ekhanda, ubuthi be-carbon monoxide, ubuthi bensimbi esindayo, ezinye izifo |
Izimpawu ezivamile ezingavela ngenxa yenkinga ye-basal ganglia
Izimpawu zomonakalo kule ndawo zingahluka kakhulu kuye ngesifo esiyisisekelo, kodwa kunezinye izimpawu ezivamile:
- Ukulahlekelwa yizinkinga zokulinganisela kanye nokuxhumana.
- Ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma ukuqina okungazelelwe (ukuqaqamba).
- Ukuthuthumela , ikakhulukazi uma uphumule.
- Ukukhubazeka kokubona.
- Indaba iba yinto edidayo noma engacacile.
Uhlola kanjani isimo sabo sempilo?
Udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi uhlolwe ngezindlela ezahlukene kuye ngezimpawu zakho.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kungathola izinto ezifana nobuthi emzimbeni, izinsimbi ezisindayo (njengethusi ne-mercury), kanye nezinkinga zesistimu yokuzivikela komzimba.
- I-CT scan kanye ne-MRI scan: Lokhu kungathatha izithombe ezicacile zobuchopho futhi kubheke noma yiziphi izinguquko esakhiweni salo, umonakalo ovela esimila, noma isifo sohlangothi.
- I-EEG (i-Electroencephalogram): Ukuhlolwa okulinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wobuchopho.
- Ukuhlolwa kofuzo: Ukuthola izimo zofuzo ezifana nesifo sikaHuntington.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lezi zifo ezihlobene?
Izindlela zokwelapha zincike ngokuphelele esimweni sakho esithile. Akukho ukwelashwa "okulingana nosayizi owodwa". Umuthi wesifo esisodwa ungenza esinye isimo sibe sibi kakhulu.
Ezinye izimo zelashwa ngemithi. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa. Ezinye izimo azikwazi ukwelashwa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, odokotela bazozama ukulawula izimpawu zakho futhi bakusize ugcine impilo yakho isezingeni eliphezulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho kuphela onganquma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwesimo sakho.
Yini esingayenza ukuze sigcine i-basal ganglia iphilile?
Nakuba singenakukwazi ukuvimbela zonke izifo ezithinta i-basal ganglia, kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi yethu. Eqinisweni, izinto ezifanayo esizenzayo ukugcina ubuchopho nomzimba uphilile zibalulekile.
- Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo:Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini namaminerali noma ukweqisa kungathinta isimiso sezinzwa. Futhi, ukudla okunempilo kungasiza ekugcineni uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi luphilile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvikela ezimweni ezifana nesifo sohlangothi.
- Hlala umatasa futhi ulondoloze isisindo esinempilo: Ukuzivocavoca nokugcina isisindo esinempilo kungasiza ekuvikeleni ezifweni ezingalimaza ubuchopho, njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
- Gqoka izinto zokuzivikela: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu! Ukulimala ekhanda, ikakhulukazi ukuxhuzula, kungabangela umonakalo ongapheli ku-basal ganglia. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukugqoka izinto zokuzivikela, njengesigqoko sokuzivikela, lapho ugibela amabhayisikili, izithuthuthu, udlala imidlalo ethile, kanye nemisebenzi eyingozi.
- Lawula izimo zakho ezingamahlalakhona: Uma unesifo sesikhathi eside njengesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho bese uthatha imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe. Ukwenza kanjalo kungasiza ekuvimbeleni noma ekulawuleni umonakalo ongase ubangelwe yilezi zimo ebuchosheni bakho.
I-basal ganglia iyingxenye emangalisayo nebaluleke kakhulu yobuchopho bethu. Ososayensi basafunda ngayo. Kodwa esikwaziyo ukuthi le ngxenye encane ithinta cishe zonke izici zokuphila kwethu. Ngakho-ke kungumthwalo wethu ukuyinakekela nokuyigcina iphilile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-basal ganglia iyiqoqo lezakhiwo ezibalulekile ezijulile ebuchosheni ezilawula ukunyakaza kwethu, ukwenza izinqumo, imikhuba, kanye nemizwa.
- Ukulimala kule ndawo kungaholela ezifweni ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson, ukuthuthumela, kanye nobunzima bokuhamba, kanye nezinkinga zokuziphatha ezifana nokulutha.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba) futhi ikakhulukazi ukuvikelwa ekulimaleni ekhanda kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-basal ganglia.
- Uma unezimpawu ezifana nokuthuthumela komzimba, izinkinga zokulinganisela, noma ubunzima bokukhuluma, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze akuxoxele ngakho.
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