Uma ungumuntu onethemba lokuba nezingane, ikakhulukazi uma welashwa ngokungazali, kumelwe ukuthi uzwile igama elithi 'Blastocyst' kudokotela wakho. Leli gama livame ukuzwakala, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngemithi efana ne-IVF. Uma uzwa lokhu, kungase kubonakale kuyisayensi futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi kuwe. Kodwa ungesabi. Kalula nje, lesi yisiqalo esincane kakhulu, kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu sethemba lakho. Namuhla, sizokhuluma kalula futhi ngobungane ngokuthi iyini le Blastocyst, yenzani, nokuthi ibaluleke kangakanani ekukhulelweni.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Blastocyst?
Cabanga nje, ngemva kokuba iqanda lowesifazane ophilile livundiswe yisidoda sendoda enempilo, iseli lokuqala elakhiwayo libizwa ngokuthi i-zygote. Lelo seli liqala ukuhlukana ngokushesha. Elinye liba ngamabili, amabili aba amane, njalo njalo, lakha isakhiwo esincane esifana nebhola esibizwa ngokuthi i-blastocyst .
Kalula nje, i-blastocyst yisigaba sokuqala sombungu . Kwenzeka cishe ezinsukwini ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha ngemva kokuba isidoda sivundise iqanda. Lesi yisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu enkambisweni yokukhulelwa. Yilapho la maseli ehlangana futhi enamathela odongeni lwesibeletho. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukufakelwa.
Lesi sigaba se-Blastocyst sibaluleke kakhulu ku -IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) ngoba odokotela bangakhetha i-Blastocyst enempilo nethuthuke kakhulu bese beyifaka esibelethweni sikamama. Lokhu kwandisa amathuba okukhulelwa okuphumelelayo.
Inqubo yokukhulelwa komntwana yenzeka kanjani?
Ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele ukubaluleka kwe-blastocyst, kuyasiza ukuba nombono omncane wenqubo yonke yokukhulelwa kwengane. Ake sibheke ukuthi lolu hambo olumangalisayo luqhubeka kanjani isinyathelo ngesinyathelo.
1. Ukuvuthwa: Ngokuvamile cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-14 ngemva kokuqala kokuya esikhathini kowesifazane nyanga zonke, iqanda elivuthiwe (iqanda) liyakhishwa kwelinye lama-ovari akhe. Leli qanda lihamba liye epayipini le-fallopian bese lilinda ukukhulelwa yisidoda.
2. Ukuvundisa: Uma kwenzeka ucansi phakathi nalesi sikhathi, isidoda singahlangana neqanda emhubheni we-fallopian bese sihlangana nalo. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi ukuvundisa.
3. Ukwakheka kwe-Zygote: Iqanda elivundisiwe silibiza ngokuthi 'i-zygote'. Leli yiseli lokuqala elihlanganisa izakhi zofuzo zikamama nobaba.
4. Uhambo oluya esigabeni se-Blastocyst:Le zygote ihamba phansi ngepayipi le-fallopian iye esibelethweni cishe izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu. Ayihlali nje lapho, iyaqhubeka nokuhlukana. Amaseli amabili, amane, ayisishiyagalombili... ahlukana ngokushesha futhi abe yibhola elincane elinamaseli angamakhulu kanye nomgodi ngaphakathi. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Blastocyst .
5. Ukufakelwa: Ngemva kokufika esibelethweni, i-blastocyst ihlala lapho izinsuku ezimbalwa bese izinamathisela odongeni lwangaphakathi lwesibeletho (i-endometrium). Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi 'ukufakelwa'.
6. Isibungu kanye ne-Fetus: Ngemva kokufakelwa esibelethweni, la maseli ayaqhubeka nokuhlukana futhi akhule abe yi-embryo. Ngemva kwamasonto angaba ngu-9, lesi sibungu sikhula kakhulu futhi sibe yi-fetus, okuyisimo esiphelele sengane njengoba sisazi.
Uyini umsebenzi we-blastocyst? Kungani lokhu kubaluleke kangaka?
Isigaba se-blastocyst siyisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu futhi esingenakugwenywa ekukhuleni kombungu kanye nomntwana osanda kuzalwa. Isizathu esilula ukuthi uma i-blastocyst ingami kahle odongeni lwesibeletho, ukukhulelwa ngeke kwenzeke.
Lokhu kufakelwa kwenzeka ngenqubo eyisimangaliso. Ngaphansi kwethonya lama-hormone emizimbeni yethu, i-blastocyst idlula enkambisweni ebizwa ngokuthi "ukuchamisela." Njengoba nje inkukhu ichamisela eqandeni, i-blastocyst iphuka nge-membrane yayo encane yangaphandle (i-zona pellucida). Lokhu kwenzeka zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu kusukela ingenile esibelethweni.
Bese kwenzeka umsebenzi wangempela. Kunezingqimba ezimbili zamaseli ku-blastocyst.
- I-Trophoblast: Lawa maseli aqala ukunamathela odongeni lwesibeletho. Lokhu akwenza ngokukhiqiza iphrotheni enamathelayo (i-L-selectin), efana neglue. Lawa maseli kamuva akha i-placenta . I-placenta iyisitho esibaluleke kakhulu esihlinzeka nge-oxygen nezakhamzimba enganeni futhi sisuse imfucuza enganeni.
- Isisindo samangqamuzana angaphakathi: Lesi sisindo samangqamuzana sizokhula kamuva sibe yingane .
Amanye amangqamuzana ku-placenta ayahlangana ukuze akhe isikhwama se-amniotic, isikhwama esivikelayo soketshezi oluzungeze umntwana.
Khumbula nje, ukukhulelwa okuphumelelayo kungenzeka kuphela uma i-blastocyst ingena kahle esibelethweni futhi amangqamuzana ayo ehlukana futhi ekhula kahle.
Yiziphi izimpawu zokufakelwa kwe-blastocyst?
Iningi labantu alibi nazo izimpawu okwamanje. Kodwa abanye abantu, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu, bangase babe nezimpawu ezithile. Lezi kungaba uphawu lokuqala lokuthi ukhulelwe. Kodwa akubona bonke abantu abathola lezi zimpawu, futhi ukuba nalezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi ukhulelwe. Ngakho-ke kungcono njalo ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho.
| Uphawu | Incazelo elula (Incazelo) |
|---|---|
| Ukopha okuncane kakhulu (ukubonakala kwamabala) | Lokhu akufani nokuya esikhathini. Kungase kubukeke njengechashazi elincane legazi elipinki noma elinsundu ngokukhanyayo. Ngokuvamile lihlala amahora ambalwa noma usuku noma amabili. |
| Ukuqaqamba okuncane | Ungase uzwe ubuhlungu obuncane, obungabonakali kangako, obuncane kakhulu kunobuhlungu obuzwayo ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini. Lolu hlobo lobuhlungu lungase lwenzeke lapho i-blastocyst izifakela odongeni lwesibeletho. |
| Ukuthamba Kwesifuba | Ngenxa yezinguquko zamahomoni, amabele akho angase azwe ubuhlungu kancane, esinda, noma ebuhlungu uma uwathinta. |
| Ezinye izici | Abanye abantu bangase babe nekhanda elibuhlungu, izinhlungu zomhlane, isicanucanu, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwemizwelo. |
Ingabe i-Blastocyst ingadala ukuphuphuma kwesisu?
Lesi yisihloko esibucayi okufanele sixoxwe ngaso, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi. Yebo, i-blastocyst ingaphuphuma isisu noma yehluleke ukufakelwa ngempumelelo. Eqinisweni, cishe ama-75% okuphuphuma kwesisu kusenesikhathi kubangelwa ukuthi i-blastocyst ayifakelwanga ngempumelelo.
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka?
Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukukhubazeka kwe-chromosome.Uma amaseli aku-blastocyst ehlukana, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nezinkinga ngama-chromosome. Isibonelo, kungase kube ne-chromosome eyengeziwe, i-chromosome engekho, noma ingxenye ye-chromosome ingaphuka.
I-blastocyst enenkinga enkulu ye-chromosome efana nale ngokuvamile ayihlali esibelethweni. Umzimba ngokwemvelo uyayivimba intuthuko yombungu ongenampilo.
Uma ukufakwa kweqanda kwehluleka ngale ndlela, ukukhulelwa kungaqala kodwa kume kusenesikhathi (cishe amasonto ama-5). Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi "ukukhulelwa kwamakhemikhali." Ngaphandle kokuthi ukuya kwakho esikhathini sekwephuzile noma uke wahlola ukukhulelwa, ungase ungazi nokuthi lokhu sekwenzekile.
Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi i-blastocyst ene-chromosome engavamile ingafakwa futhi ukukhulelwa kuqhubeke. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kunengozi yokuthi ingane izoba nezimo ezifana ne-Down syndrome, i-Klinefelter syndrome, noma i-Turner syndrome.
Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuthola lezi zinkinga ze-chromosome kusenesikhathi ngesikhathi se-IVF?
Yebo, ngokuthuthuka kwezokwelapha zanamuhla, kukhona ikhambi lalokhu. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nge-IVF, ngaphambi kokuba i-blastocyst ifakwe esibelethweni, amangqamuzana ambalwa angathathwa kuyo futhi ahlolwe izinkinga ze-chromosome.
Lokhu kuhlolwa kubizwa ngokuthi i-Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) .
Ngalesi sivivinyo, odokotela bangakhetha i-blastocyst enempilo ngokwe-chromosome ukuze ifakelwe esibelethweni. Ngakho-ke,
- Amathuba okukhulelwa okuphumelelayo ayanda.
- Ingozi yokuphuphuma kwesisu kusenesikhathi iyancipha.
- Kunganciphisa ingozi yokuba nengane enezinkinga ze-chromosome.
Kumuntu okhulelwa ngokwemvelo, lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa lungenziwa kuphela ngemva kwamasonto angu-9 noma angu-10 okukhulelwa.
Ingabe ingozi yokukhubazeka kwe-chromosome ingancishiswa?
Ngeshwa, ezinye izinto eziyingozi zingaphezu kwamandla ethu.
- Ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-35 ubudala.
- Ukuba nomlando womndeni wezinkinga ze-chromosome.
- Ukuba nokukhulelwa okuphuphumile ngaphambilini noma ukuba nomntwana onenkinga yama-chromosome.
Uma unalezi zici eziyingozi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho kanye nomeluleki wezakhi zofuzo uma uhlela ukuba nomntwana.
Kodwa-ke, kunezinto esingazilawula. Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo ngaphambi nangemva kokukhulelwa, singanciphisa ingozi yokulimala kombungu.
- Gwema ukuchayeka ezintweni ezinobuthi.
- Gwema ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa notshwala.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo.
- Thatha amavithamini adingekayo njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho.
I-blastocyst iyisiqalo esibalulekile sokukhulelwa okunempilo. Uma ingakhuli ngempumelelo futhi ikhule esibelethweni, ukukhulelwa ngeke kwenzeke. Uma uzwa noma yikuphi ukucasuka okuncane noma ubuhlungu ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhulelwa, ungesabi noma ungakunaki, kodwa bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze akunike iseluleko. Angakuhlola futhi aqinisekise ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-blastocyst yisigaba sokuqala kakhulu sombungu okhula eqandeni elivundisiwe.
- Ukuze ukukhulelwa kuphumelele, i-blastocyst kumele itshalwe kahle odongeni lwesibeletho.
- Ubuhlungu obuvela emabala noma obuvela esifubeni ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kungaba uphawu lokufakelwa. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukwazisa udokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukukhubazeka.
- Ekwelashweni kwe-IVF, isigaba se-Blastocyst sibalulekile ekukhetheni ama-embryo amahle kakhulu futhi anempilo kakhulu.
- Qonda ukuthi iningi lokukhulelwa kwezisu kusenesikhathi libangelwa ukukhubazeka kwe-chromosome, hhayi iphutha likamama.
- Uma ulindele umntwana, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo nokuxhumana njalo nodokotela wakho.
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