Ingabe futhi wopha kalula? Ingabe uyaphuka kalula? Ake sifunde nge-Bleeding Diathesis!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi wopha kakhulu kunalokho ocabanga, ngisho noma unesilonda esincane? Noma umane uphenduke ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi uvuvuke? Noma ingabe izinsini zakho zihlale zopha uma uxubha amazinyo akho? Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zinto, ungase ube nomkhuba wokopha kakhulu kunokujwayelekile . Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalesi simo (Bleeding Diathesis). Ungakhathazeki, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Kuyini lokhu (Bleeding Diathesis), Dokotela?

Kalula nje, i-Bleeding Diathesis yisimo lapho umzimba wakho uphuma khona igazi kalula futhi ngaphezu kokuvamile. Igama elithi "diathesis" livela olimini lwesiGreki, okusho ukuthambekela esimweni esithile.

Lokhu kuphuma kwegazi kungaba ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi (ngaphakathi) noma ngaphandle (ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphandle). Ukopha kwangaphakathi ukopha okungabonakali kithi. Ukopha kwangaphandle ukopha okuvela ekulimaleni. Ngezinye izikhathi, ungase uvuvuke ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile. Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zalokhu. Kungaba ukuphazamiseka kwegazi noma isimo sofuzo. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi odokotela bangalawula lokhu kuphuma kwegazi futhi belaphe isimo esiyisisekelo esikubangelayo.

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi lokhu kuyenzeka kimi? Ziyini izimpawu?

Uma unesifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Bleeding Diathesis, ungase uvuvuke noma wophe kalula. Hlola ukuthi unanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Izinsini eziphuma igazi: Ingabe igazi liyaphuma ebhulashini lakho lamazinyo noma ebhulashini uma uxubha noma uxubha phakathi kwamazinyo akho? Ingabe lokhu kwenzeka kaningi?
• Ukopha ngokweqile: Ingabe wopha kakhulu kunalokho obungakulindela, ngisho noma ulimale kancane? Noma kunzima yini ukuvimba ukopha? Ingabe wopha kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, njengangemva kokubeletha noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa?
• I-Menorrhagia: Ingabe ukuya kwakho nyanga zonke kuhlala izinsuku eziningana? Ingabe kusinda kakhulu kunokujwayelekile? Ingabe kukhona amahlule amakhulu egazi?
• Ukopha emalungeni (Hemarthrosis): Cabanga nje, ilunga elifana nedolo noma indololwane yakho livuvukala ngokuzumayo, libe buhlungu, futhi lizwa lishisa uma ulithinta? Lokhu kubangelwa igazi elingena emalungeni.
• Indle emnyama (Melena): Ingabe indle yakho imnyama okwesibhakabhaka, njengethayela? Lokhu kungaba uphawu lokopha engxenyeni engenhla yesistimu yakho yokugaya ukudla, njenge-esophagus noma isisu.
• Amabala abomvu amancane ebusweni besikhumba `(Petechiae)`: Ingabe unamabala abomvu amancane esikhumbeni sakho, noma ngaphansi kwesikhumba, abukeka sengathi ahlatshwe yiphini elincane?
• Amabala egazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba `(Purpura): Ingabe kukhona amabala abomvu, onsomi, noma ansundu ngaphansi kwesikhumba avela njengegazi eliphuma emithanjeni yegazi emincane? Lawa makhulu kancane kune-`Petechiae`.
• Ukopha ekhaleni ngaphandle kwesizathu (i-Epistaxis):Ingabe ikhala lakho liphuma igazi ngisho noma umi nje? Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi liphuma igazi kakhulu kangangokuthi kunzima ukuyeka?

Okubalulekile: Uma uhlangabezana nolunye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu njalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko.

Kungani sithambekele kakhulu ekuphumeni kwegazi kanje? Yiziphi izizathu?

Esikhathini esiningi, i-diathesis yokopha ibangelwa yisimo sezokwelapha esiyisisekelo. Odokotela bahlukanisa lezi zimbangela ngezigaba eziningana eziyinhloko. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.

Izinkinga Zokopha

Lokhu kusho ukuthi igazi lakho alivali kahle, ngakho-ke wopha kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Izibonelo zalokhu yilezi:

• Izimo zokuntuleka kwe-Fibrinogen: I-Fibrinogen iyiprotheni esiza ekuqhekekeni kwegazi. Odokotela bayibiza nangokuthi i-clotting factor noma i-coagulation factor. Uma ungenayo i-fibrinogen eyanele emzimbeni wakho, noma uma i-fibrinogen onayo ingasebenzi kahle, ungase wophe kalula noma ungakwazi ukuyeka ukopha.
• I-Hemophilia: Lesi yisifo esingavamile, esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo esibangela nokuthi igazi lingajiyi kahle.
• Isifo sesibindi: Njengoba isifo sesibindi siqhubeka, ukuphuma kwegazi ngokweqile kanye nokulunywa kungase kwenzeke. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezinye zezinto ezidingekayo ukuze igazi lijiye zikhiqizwa yisibindi.
• Isifo sikaVon Willebrand: Lesi yisimo esiphazamisa ukujiya kwegazi, esifana ne-hemophilia, kodwa sivame kakhulu.

Ezinye izinkinga zokujiya kwegazi

Kunezinye izinkinga zokujiya kwegazi ezibangela umzimba ukuthi wakhe amahlule egazi ngokungadingekile. Kodwa ngokumangazayo, ngezinye izikhathi lezi zimo zingabangela ukopha okungalawuleki. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinto ezijiya igazi ezidingekayo ukuze igazi lijiye zisetshenziswa kakhulu. Izibonelo:

• Ukugayeka Kwemithambo Yegazi Okusabalalisiwe (DIC): Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu. Sivela njengenkinga yezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezimbi. Uma singelashwa ngokushesha, singasongela ukuphila.
• I-Thrombocythemia: Kulesi simo, ama-platelet akho egazi asebenza ngendlela engajwayelekile, okungabangela ukuphuma kwegazi ngokweqile ngezinye izikhathi.

Ukuphazamiseka Kweplatelet

Ama-platelet amaseli asiza ekumiseni ukopha uma unenxeba. Izinkinga zingavela nakula ma-platelet.

• I-Thrombocytopenia: Lokhu ukwehla kwenani lama-platelet egazi. Lokhu kungabangela ukuklwebheka okulula futhi kwenze kube nzima ukuyeka ukopha.
• I-Thrombocytosis:Lokhu kubangelwa ukwanda kwenani lama-platelet egazini. Lokhu kungaholela nasekuqhekekeni kwegazi okungavamile futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukopha.

Izinkinga Zokopha Kwemithambo Yemithambo

Ngezinye izikhathi imbangela yokopha akuyona inkinga ngegazi ngokwalo, kodwa ubuthakathaka emithanjeni (imithambo yegazi) igazi elihamba ngayo.

• I-Cryoglobulinemia: Lesi yisimo esiseqoqweni lezifo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-vasculitis, esibangela ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi. Singabangela i-purpura (amabala egazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba).
• I-Tlangiectasia Ebangelwa Ukopha Okudlulele: Lesi yisifo esidluliselwa ngofuzo. Sihilela ukukhubazeka endleleni imithambo yegazi eyakheka ngayo.
• I-Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: Kulesi simo, imithambo yegazi ibuthakathaka kakhulu futhi ingaqhekeka kalula. Lokhu kungabangela ukopha okuyingozi emzimbeni, njengokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi.

Udokotela ukuxilonga kanjani lokhu ngqo?

Uma uya kudokotela onalezi zimpawu, uzoqala ngokukubuza ngezimpawu zakho. Unesikhathi esingakanani unazo nokuthi zimbi kangakanani. Bese bezokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Bazophinde bakubuze ukuthi unazo yini ezinye izimo zezokwelapha nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nalezi zinkinga zokopha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangenza ezinye izivivinyo, ezifana nalezi:

• Ukubalwa Kwegazi Okuphelele (i-CBC): Lokhu kulinganisa inani lezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli (amangqamuzana abomvu, amangqamuzana amhlophe, nama-platelet) egazini.
• Ukuskena Kwegazi Okuseduze (i-PBS): Lokhu kuhilela ukubuka isampula yegazi ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuhlola ukuma nobukhulu bamaseli.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwesikhathi Se-Prothrombin (PT): Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi igazi lijiye.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwesikhathi Se-Thromboplastin Esiyingxenye (i-PTT): Lokhu okunye ukuhlolwa okulinganisa ikhono legazi lokujiya.

Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yalezi zivivinyo zokuqala, uma udokotela esola isimo esithile, angayala ukuhlolwa okukhethekile. Isibonelo, uma kusolwa isimo esifana ne-hemophilia, angayala ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi njenge-fibrinogen. Ungathunyelwa futhi kudokotela wegazi.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Ukwelashwa kuncike embangela yokopha kwakho nge-diathesis. Kodwa okokuqala, odokotela bazozama ukulawula ukopha. Bangase bakunike igazi noma ukumnika i-plasma ukuze kuthathelwe indawo igazi olilahlekile. Kulapho-ke kuphela lapho bezokwelapha khona isimo esiyisisekelo.

Uma nginalesi simo, yini okufanele ngiyilindele?

Ngenxa yokuthi kunezimo eziningi kakhulu ezingabangela i-diathesis yokopha, kunzima ukusho ngqo ukuthi yini ongayilindela. Ezinye izimo zingapheli. Lokhu kusho ukuthi azikwazi ukwelapheka ngokuphelele, kodwa kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu (njengokopha). Ukubikezela kwakho kuzohluka kuye ngesimo sakho, ukuxilongwa, kanye nokwelashwa. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho uzoba umuntu ongcono kakhulu ongakhuluma naye ngalokhu.

Kufanele ngizinakekele kanjani?

I-Diathesis Yokopha ivame ukubangelwa yisimo sezokwelapha esiyimfihlo. Ngakho-ke, uma unayo, nansi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze ulondoloze impilo yakho iyonke:

• Landela uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa kahle: Thatha yonke imithi oyinikezwe udokotela wakho ngesikhathi.
• Yiba khona ekuhlolweni kwezokwelapha okuhleliwe: Udokotela wakho uzokuhlelela ama-aphoyintimenti. Hamba uyombona nsuku zonke. Ngaleyo ndlela, angahlola impilo yakho, uhlobo lwesifo sakho, nokuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kuyasebenza yini.
• Tshela udokotela wakho uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko: Ungalindi kuze kube yi-aphoyintimenti yakho elandelayo, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha, njengokusha kwemivimbo noma ukuphuma kwegazi. Lokhu kungaba uphawu lokuthi isimo sakho siya siba sibi kakhulu.
• Cabanga ngezinye izinguquko zendlela yokuphila: Udokotela wakho angakutshela ukuthi ulandele ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo, uyeke ukubhema, futhi ulawule ukucindezeleka. Lezi zinto zingasiza ekuvikeleni impilo yakho iyonke.
• Ukuzivocavoca njalo : Ukuzivocavoca kungasiza ekulawuleni ukucindezeleka. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukubuza udokotela wakho ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zokuzivocavoca ezifanele wena nokuthi yini okungafanele uyenze. Eminye imisebenzi ingase ingakulungeli.

Kunini lapho kudingeka ngiye esibhedlela ngokushesha?

Uma une-diathesis ephuma igazi, kufanele uye ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha uma uzwa ukopha okungalawuleki, kungaba ukusikeka okuncane, ukopha ekhaleni, noma okunye ukopha ongakwazi ukukulawula. Yiya esibhedlela ngokushesha.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Uma ufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngenkinga yokopha, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubuza le mibuzo:

• Ingabe udokotela uyazi ukuthi kungani ngiphuma igazi kanje?
• Yiziphi ezinye izivivinyo okufanele ngizenze ukuze ngithole imbangela eqondile yalokhu?
• Ingabe kukhona ochwepheshe okufanele ngibathinte ngenxa yezimpawu zami?

I-diathesis yokopha yigama lezokwelapha elisho ukopha kalula futhi ngaphezu kokuvamile. Wonke umuntu uthola imihuzuko kanye nokusikeka okuncane ngezinye izikhathi. Kodwa uma wopha kakhulu, uma unemihuzuko eminingi, noma uma wopha ngendle yakho, kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho. Angathatha izinyathelo zokuvimba ukopha futhi athole imbangela futhi ayelaphe.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi ususiqonda kangcono isimo esikhulume ngaso namuhla (Bleeding Diathesis). Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi uma uhlala uzwa ukopha noma imihuzuko engachazeki, ungakushayi indiva.

• Kujwayelekile ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi uphume igazi kancane kusukela ekuklwebhekeni okuncane, noma kancane uma uxubha amazinyo akho. Kodwa uma kwenzeka njalo, uma inani lokopha liphezulu kakhulu, noma uma ukopha kunzima ukukuyeka, kuyinto okufanele uyikhathazeke ngayo.
• Ngokubona udokotela nokukhuluma ngalokhu, ungathola ukuthi yini ebangela lokhu futhi uthole ukwelashwa okufanele uma kudingeka.
• Ngokuvamile, lokhu kopha ngokweqile kuwuphawu lwesimo sezokwelapha esiyisisekelo. Ngakho-ke, ukubhekana nale nkinga kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga ezinkulu.

Nakekela impilo yakho. Uma unezinkinga, ungangabazi ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Ukopha , Ukulimala, Ukopha I-Diathesis, I-Hematoma, Izifo Zegazi, Izimpawu, Ukwelashwa