Ungathanda ukwazi kahle ukuthi uhlobo lwegazi lakho luyini?

Uma othile ekubuza ukuthi, "Uhlobo luni lwegazi lakho?", ubungaba nempendulo? Abanye abantu bayakwenza lokho, kodwa abantu abaningi abazi ngokuqinisekile. Ukwazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho kubaluleke kakhulu kulezi zinsuku. Cabanga nje, uma kwenzeka ingozi, ukuhlinzwa, noma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, lolu lwazi oluncane lungasiza ekusindiseni impilo yakho. Ngakho-ke, ungakhathazeki, namuhla sizokhuluma ngesihloko sezinhlobo zegazi ngendlela elula wonke umuntu angayiqonda.

Luyini ngempela uhlobo lwegazi?

Kalula nje, uhlobo lwegazi luyindlela yokuhlukanisa ukuthi igazi lakho liyahambisana yini negazi lomunye umuntu. Kufana nokuba nosayizi wezingubo.

Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuthonywa kakhulu yizinhlobo ezimbili ezikhethekile zamaprotheni ebusweni bamaseli akho abomvu egazi. Kwezokwelapha, siwabiza lawa ma-antigen . Cabanga ngawo njengama-nametag amancane anamathele kumaseli abomvu egazi. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zama-nametag yi -'A' antigen kanye ne-'B' antigen .

Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zegazi ngokusekelwe ekutheni la ma-antigen akhona noma cha, nokuthi ayini.

• Uhlobo A: Amaseli abomvu egazi ane-antigen A kuphela.
• Uhlobo B: Ine-antigen B kuphela.
• Uhlobo lwe-AB: Lunama-antigen amabili e-A ne-B.
• Uhlobo O: Azikho i-A noma i-B antigens.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona enye into ebalulekile, futhi leyo yi -Rh factor . Lena enye iphrotheni engatholakala ebusweni bamaseli abomvu egazi.

• Uma unalesi sici se-Rh egazini lakho, uhlobo lwegazi lakho luhle (+) .
• Uma i-Rh factor ingekho, uhlobo lwegazi luba negative (-) .

Uma lezi ezimbili zihlangana, kwakheka izinhlobo zegazi eziyisishiyagalombili esizizwile sonke:

1. Okuhle (A+)

2. Okubi (A-)

3. B Okuhle (B+)

4. B Okubi (B-)

5. I-AB Enhle (AB+)

6. I-AB Negative (AB-)

7. O Okuhle (O+)

8. O Okubi (O-)

Kungani izinhlobo zegazi kudingeka zivumelane?

Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Uma unikeza umuntu igazi (ukumpontshelwa igazi), kubalulekile ukuthi izinhlobo zegazi zomnikeli kanye nozamukeli zifane.

Cabanga ngomzimba wakho njengezwe elinesimiso esihle sokuzivikela. Isimiso sakho sokuzivikela siyibutho lalelo zwe. Leli butho liyaqaphela wonke amaseli emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, uma libona into engeyona eyomzimba futhi evela ngaphandle (njengegciwane), leli butho liyayihlasela futhi liyibhubhise.

Kwenzeka into efanayo lapho uhlobo lwegazi olungahambisani lungena emzimbeni. Isibonelo, uma umuntu onegazi lohlobo 'A' enikwa igazi lohlobo 'B', amasosha omzimba omuntu onegazi lohlobo 'A' azobona amangqamuzana egazi angenayo 'B' njengesitha. Azobe esehlasela futhi abhubhise lawo maseli egazi 'B'. Lokhu kusabela kungaba kubi kakhulu, kubangele ukwehluleka kwezinso, ubunzima bokuphefumula, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokufa.

Ubani lo 'Mnikeli Wendawo Yonke' kanye 'Nomamukeli Wendawo Yonke'?

Uhlobo lwegazi olune-O negative (O-) lubizwa ngokuthi "i-Universal Donor" . Okusho ukuthi, uhlobo lwegazi olune-O lunganikwa umuntu onanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwegazi. Ngoba lawo maseli egazi awanawo ama-antigen e-A, B, noma e-Rh esikhulume ngawo. Ngakho-ke, umzimba womuntu othola igazi awuqapheli njengesitha. Lapho umuntu elethwa e-ETU (Emergency Treatment Unit) ngemva kwengozi, futhi kungekho sikhathi sokuhlola uhlobo lwegazi, odokotela bavame ukunikeza igazi eli-O.

Uhlobo lwegazi olune-AB positive (AB+) lubizwa ngokuthi "uMamukeli Ojwayelekile." Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu onohlobo lwegazi lwe-AB+ angathola igazi kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwegazi. Ngenxa yokuthi banawo wonke ama-antigen amathathu egazini labo, u-A, u-B, no-Rh, bamukela noma yiluphi uhlobo lwegazi oluvela ngaphandle "njengolwabo."

Uhlobo lwegazi lubaluleke kangakanani ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umama okhulelwe azi uhlobo lwegazi lakhe, ikakhulukazi i-Rh factor.

Isibonelo, uma uhlobo lwegazi lukamama luyi -Rh negative (-) , kodwa uhlobo lwegazi lukababa luyi-Rh positive (+), uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana esibelethweni cishe luyi-Rh positive (+). Esimweni esinjalo, uma igazi likamama nelomntwana lihlangana ngandlela thile (ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokubeletha), umzimba kamama uyawabona amangqamuzana egazi engane ane-Rh positive "njengesitha". Bese uqala ukwenza ama-antibodies amelene nawo.

Lokhu kungase kungabi nomthelela omkhulu ekukhulelweni kokuqala. Kodwa-ke, uma umntwana one-Rh ekhulelwa okwesibili, ama-antibodies umzimba kamama owawenza ngaphambilini angawela i-placenta futhi aqale ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana egazi abomvu engane. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu enganeni.

Ngingazi kanjani uhlobo lwegazi lami?

Kunezindlela eziningana zokuthola uhlobo lwegazi lakho.

• Buza udokotela wakho: Uma uke wahlolwa igazi ngaphambili nganoma yisiphi isizathu, amarekhodi akho ezokwelapha angase abhale uhlobo lwegazi lakho.
• Nikela ngegazi:Lena yindlela engcono kakhulu neyigugu kakhulu. Uma unikela ngegazi, iNational Blood Transfusion Service ihlola uhlobo lwegazi lakho mahhala futhi ikunike ikhadi. Ngalo, ungazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho futhi usindise impilo yomunye umuntu.
• Thola ukuhlolwa kwelebhu: Ungathola uhlobo lwegazi lakho ngokunikeza isampula yegazi kunoma yisiphi isibhedlela noma ilabhorethri yangasese.

Ngokuvamile, uhlobo lwegazi lomuntu alushintshi kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, njengokufakelwa umnkantsha wamathambo, noma ezimweni ezithile zezokwelapha njenge-leukemia, uhlobo lwegazi lungashintsha.