Umzimba wethu ufana nedolobha elikhulu elinenethiwekhi yemigwaqo. Kukule migwaqo lapho izimoto ezibizwa ngegazi zihamba khona ziye phambili naphambili. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngomthambo okhethekile odlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kulokhu kuhamba kwegazi, osebenza njengendawo enkulu yokuhlangana. Kungenzeka ukuthi awukaze uzwe ngaleli gama, kodwa yi -Brachiocephalic Vein . Ngezinye izikhathi libizwa nangokuthi `(Innominate Vein)`.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Brachiocephalic Vein?
Lokhu kuyingxenye yesimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba wethu, esifubeni esingaphezulu. Kuyi-"paired vein," okusho ukuthi ikhona kokubili ngakwesokudla nakwesobunxele somzimba wethu.
- Umthambo we-brachiocephalic wesokudla
- Umthambo we-brachiocephalic wesobunxele
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wale mithambo emibili ukubuyisa igazi elingcolile (elingcolile) eliphuma ekhanda, entanyeni nasezingalweni zethu libuyele enhliziyweni . Lifana nepayipi eliyinhloko eliqoqa igazi elisetshenzisiwe engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba wethu bese lilibuyisela enhliziyweni.
Lo mthambo usebenza kanjani ngempela?
Cabanga ngohlelo olukhulu lwamapayipi amanzi. Uma ingxenye eyodwa yalo iphukile, lonke uhlelo ngeke lusebenze, akunjalo? Yileyo ndlela uhlelo lwemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu olusebenza ngayo. Yonke imithambo ixhumene ukusiza igazi ligeleze kahle.
Lapha, imithambo yethu emibili ye-brachiocephalic iyahlangana ukuze yakhe umthambo omkhulu nakakhulu obizwa ngokuthi i-Superior Vena Cava . Lona umthambo oyinhloko ongaphezu kwenhliziyo yethu. Uthwala igazi ngqo liye e-atrium efanele yenhliziyo.
Ukusuka lapho, igazi lidlula ohlangothini lwesokudla lwenhliziyo bese liya emaphashini ukuyolanda umoya-mpilo. Igazi elinomoya-mpilo libuyela enhliziyweni bese liphonswa emzimbeni wonke ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo.
Lokho kusho ukuthi, ukuze sithumele igazi elihlanzekile emzimbeni wethu wonke, igazi elingcolile kumele liqoqwe yinhliziyo kuqala. Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu kuleyo nqubo yokuqoqwa senzeka kule mithambo ye-brachiocephalic.
Ukuphi lo mthambo? Wakheka kanjani?
Lo mthambo utholakala esifubeni sethu, ngaphansi nje kwethambo le-collarbone (clavicle), ujule kancane. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, awukude namahlombe ethu.
- Umthambo We-Brachiocephalic Wesokudla: Uqala lapho kuhlangana khona umthambo we-subclavian wesokudla kanye nomthambo we-jugular wangaphakathi wesokudla.
- Umthambo we-brachiocephalic wesobunxele: Uqala lapho kuhlangana khona umthambo we-subclavian wesobunxele nomthambo we-jugular wangaphakathi kwesobunxele.
Ukuma nobude balezi ezimbili kuhlukile kancane. Esokudla sifushane, cishe singamasentimitha angu-2-3 ubude. Siqonda ngqo phansi, siya enhliziyweni. Kodwa esikwesobunxele side, cishe singamasentimitha ayisithupha. Senza indilinga encane, siphume sivundlile, bese sijoyina esokudla. I-Superior Vena Cava iqala lapho lezi ezimbili zihlangana khona.
| Ingxenye yomthambo | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Umthambo We-Brachiocephalic Wesokudla | Mfushane (2-3 cm). Iqonde phansi ngqo. |
| Umthambo We-Brachiocephalic Wesobunxele | Ubude (6 cm). Igijima ngokuvundlile bese ijoyina umthambo wesokudla. |
Yini engaphakathi kulo mthambo?
Njengeminye imithambo yegazi, lena yenziwe ngezingqimba ezintathu zezicubu.
1. I-Tunica Adventitia: Lolu ungqimba olungaphandle kakhulu. Lunikeza umthambo ukuma kwawo namandla awo.
2. I-Tunica Media: Lena ungqimba oluphakathi. Amaseli emisipha abushelelezi kulolu ngqimba avumela umthambo ukuba unwebeke futhi unciphe njengoba igazi ligeleza.
3. I-Tunica Intima: Lolu ungqimba olungaphakathi kakhulu. Lubushelelezi kakhulu, ngakho igazi lingageleza kalula kulo ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa.
Kodwa into ekhethekile ukuthi imithambo ye-brachiocephalic ayinawo ama-valve atholakala emithanjeni eminingi emzimbeni wethu.
Yiziphi izinkinga nezimo ezithinta lo mthambo?
Ngokuvamile, izinkinga ezinkulu ngalo mthambo azivamile, kodwa kwezinye izimo, kungavela izimo ezithile.
| Isimo | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Izinkinga ze-Central Venous Catheter | Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela bafaka ithubhu elincane kulo mthambo ukuze banikeze umuthi noma uketshezi emzimbeni. Lokhu akuvamile ukubangela ukuthi umthambo ubhoboke noma igazi liqhekeke (Deep Vein Thrombosis). |
| Ukuncishiswa komthambo wegazi (i-Stenosis) | Ezinye izinqubo zezokwelapha, njengokwelashwa nge-dialysis kweziguli zezinso, zingabangela ukuthi lo mthambo unciphe. |
| Amathumba | Amanye amathumba esifubeni angacindezela lo mthambo futhi avimbele ukugeleza kwegazi. Lawa angaba amathumba asakazeke evela kwezinye izindawo, njengomdlavuza webele. |
Izinguquko Zokwakheka Kwemvelo
Abanye abantu bazalwa benesimo esincane kulo mthambo. Lokhu kuguquguquka kwenzeka cishe kubantwana abango-1 kwabangu-250. Ukuguquguquka okuvamile ukuthi umthambo we-brachiocephalic wesobunxele udlula ngaphansi kwe-aortic arch esikhundleni sawo.
Lolu shintsho lulodwa aluvamile ukuba yingozi. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile lezi zinguquko zibonakala ezinganeni ezinesifo senhliziyo ezizalwa naso. Isibonelo:
- I-Tetralogy ye-Fallot
- Izinkinga ze-Atrial Septal
Kubalulekile ukuthi odokotela bazi ukuthi kukhona yini izinguquko ezinjalo ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa okuthile, njengokufakelwa i-pacemaker. Ngakho-ke, bayakuhlola lokhu ngokwenza izinto ezifana ne-CT noma i-MRI scan ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
Ngakho-ke, singawugcina kanjani lo mthambo uphilile?
Asikho isidingo sokwenza noma yini ekhethekile ngalo mthambo kuphela. Izinto ezifanayo esizenzayo ukugcina inhliziyo yethu kanye nohlelo lonke lwemithambo yegazi ziphilile zibalulekile nakulokhu.
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele. Ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi kubangela umonakalo omkhulu emithanjeni yethu yegazi.
- Phuza amanzi amaningi. Ukuthola inani elifanele loketshezi emzimbeni kubaluleke kakhulu ekujikelezeni kwegazi.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo. Nciphisa uwoyela, usawoti, noshukela bese udla imifino eminingi, izithelo, kanye nokusanhlamvu okuphelele. Lokhu kungasiza ekulawuleni umfutho wegazi, i-cholesterol, kanye nesisindo somzimba.
- Ukuzivocavoca. Hamba imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, okungenani izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto. Kodwa khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo entsha yokuzivocavoca.Ungakhohlwa.
- Ungahlali endaweni efanayo isikhathi eside kakhulu. Hambahamba kancane usuku lonke. Lokhu kusiza ukugeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wonke.
Ngokulandela le mikhuba, ungagcina hhayi nje kuphela umthambo wakho we-brachiocephalic, kodwa nomzimba wakho wonke uphilile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Brachiocephalic Vein iyimithambo emibili emikhulu engxenyeni engenhla yesifuba sethu.
- Umsebenzi wazo oyinhloko ukubuyisela igazi eliphelelwe umoya-mpilo lisuka ekhanda, entanyeni nasezingalweni libuyele enhliziyweni.
- Le mithambo emibili ihlangana ndawonye ukuze yakhe i-Superior Vena Cava, umthambo oyinhloko othwala igazi uye enhliziyweni.
- Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo yenhliziyo, ungagcina lonke uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi, okuhlanganisa nale mithambo, luphilile.
- Uma unokungabaza ngalokhu noma nganoma iyiphi enye inkinga yezempilo, sicela uxhumane nodokotela wakho ukuze akunike iseluleko .
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